Psalm 47. Praise God, Sovereign Over All the Earth

Transcription

1 Psalm 47 Psalm 47:1 22 Prais God, Sovrign Ovr All th Earth Outlin of Chaptr 47: An Introduction to Psalm 47 Inscription Psalm 47 Inscription vv. 1 4 Th Lord Most High is God ovr All vv. 5 7 Sing Praiss to God vv. 8 9 God Rigns ovr All Psalm 47 Addndum Charts, Short Doctrins and Maps: Introduction Barns Outlins Psalm 47 Introduction Th Occasion of Psalm 47 v. 1 Summary of th Doctrin of Clapping Hands v. 2 Jsus Christ, Prsntd as King ovr all th Earth v. 4 Points on th Inhritanc which God has Dcrd v. 4 Why W of th Church Ag hav not Rplacd Isral, taking Isral s Inhritanc (an Argumnt against Covnant Thology) v. 4 Joy to th World! v. 5 Commntators Intrprt Elohim has gon up with a shout v. 5 Paralll Vrss to Psalm 47:5 v. 6 Th Epadiplosis v. 7 Tim fram: Jsus Christ, Sovrign Ovr all th Earth v. 9 Psalm 47:9 Summarizd v. 9 Isaiah 60:1 15 v. 9 Psalm 47:9 and God s Promiss to Abraham Addndum Psalm 47 Organizd Addndum Clark Organizs Psalm 47 Addndum Psalm 47 and th Advnts of Jsus Christ Addndum Psalm 47 and th Rsurrction of Jsus Christ Addndum Psalm 47 and th History of Isral, from th Divin Viwpoint Addndum A Complt Translation of Psalm 47 Doctrins Covrd Doctrins Alludd To Clapping Hands Th Sovrignty of God An Introduction to Psalm 47 I ntroduction: David twic movd th Ark of God, and th book of Chronicls braks down th scond transport into two chaptrs 1Chron. 15 has th Ark bing movd from Obd-dom s hom to Jrusalm; and 1Chron. 16 dals with th Ark aftr its arrival and placmnt in Jrusalm. Thr ar svral psalms associatd

2 Psalm 47 2 with 1Chron. 16, as thy ar actually a part of that chaptr (whthr ths psalms ar namd hr and wr sung along th march toward Jrusalm, w don t rally know). Howvr, vn though w hav no psalms spcifically associatd with 1Chron. 15, w hav many Lvit musicians accompanying th moving of th Ark (1Chron. 15:16 28). For this rason, I hav takn a coupl of psalms and hav dcidd to plac thm with th movmnt of th Ark. Psalm 47 is on of ths psalms. On of th things which runs through my had is, this must b mor than simply a psalm of prais; anything in th Word of God must hav mor to than God is grat; God is rally, rally grat! W should find that this is th cas with this psalm as wll. Hr, I think that on of th ky concpts is, th God of Isral is th God ovr all. In th ancint world, ach nation and ach group of popl had thir own god or gods. It is not that diffrnt today; w hav tmpls ddicatd to Buddha in Thailand, w hav a worship of Mohammd in th Arabic nations (vn though, strictly spaking, h is only a propht, but, in thir viw, a propht with a mor accurat mssag), and w hav a numbr of nations today whr Jsus Christ is rcognizd as God bcom flsh. In th ancint world, Jhovah Elohim was sn as th God of th Jws, and thr was a spcial rlationship thr; howvr, what this psalm (and many othr passags) mak clar is, th God of Isral is th God of th Univrs. Th God Who cratd us all, chos Isral as a nation and a popl, whos ntir gnsis is a work of God. This psalm maks it clar that thir God is God ovr all. Anothr ky lmnt of this psalm is th ascnsion of Jsus Christ. In v. 5, both Elohim and Jhovah ar said to ascnd (this is by paralll llipsis), with a shout and with th sound of a trumpt. Immdiatly, th psalm calls for us to sing praiss to God, our King ovr all th arth. On might vn s this psalm as an outlin of history of Isral, from th divin viwpoint. At th nd of this psalm, in th Addndum, I will show you how wll this psalm corrsponds with th history of Isral, from Isral s incption to th Millnnium. This psalm is clarly a psalm of prais ddicatd to God, as all popl ar njoind to clap and to shout with joy to God (v. 1) and to sing praiss to Him (vv. 6 7). God is prsntd as a King ovr all th arth Who subdus nations and popls (vv. 2 3) Who has a pculiar rlationship with Isral (v. 4). Intrstingly nough, God is said to ascnd in v. 5, and v. 7 both rpats that H is King of all th arth, and th psalmist calls upon thos listning to prais Him. V. 8 parallls v. 3, whr God is said to rign ovr all nations sitting upon His holy thron. Finally, w hav th assmbling of all th princs as wll as th Jws, apparntly in rcognition of His sovrignty (v. 9). At th nd of this psalm, I will show you how it matchs up with th rsurrction of Jsus Christ and with th ssntial history of Isral. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins I always want to includ anothr outlin of this psalm: I. Th first part compriss th first fiv vrss: Barns Outlins Psalm 47 (1) An xhortation to prais God to clbrat th joy of th soul by a clapping of hands, and by a shout of triumph. Psalm 47:1 (2) [Th psalmist prsnts] rasons for that w should prais God (Psalm 47:2 5). Ths rasons ar that H is to b fard; that h is king ovr all th arth; that h will subdu th nations, and mak thm subjct to his own popl; and that, in anticipation of this, and in proof of this, h had now achivd a signal victory, and had gon up as from that victory to his own abod in havn. II. Th scond part mbracs th Last four vrss of th psalm: (1) An xhortation, as bfor, to prais God. Psalm 47:6

3 3 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Barns Outlins Psalm 47 (2) [Th psalmist prsnts] rasons why w should prais God (Psalm 47:7 9). Ths rasons ar, as bfor, that God is King ovr all th arth; that H now sits upon th thron of his holinss, and that Psalm 47:9 th princs of th nations th subdud kings and rulrs ar born along in triumph to th popl of th God of Abraham; and that in this victory it has bn shown that th shilds of th arth blong to God. Takn from Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Psalm 47 introduction. I ditd Barns outlin. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Although svral commntators lik to plac this psalm with th moving of th Ark to Jrusalm, thr ar othr opinions which should b considrd. Th Occasion of Psalm 47 Scriptur Barns Incidnt Th occasion on which th psalm was composd, and th nam of th author, ar alik unknown. It is a triumphal psalm, and was composd apparntly on som occasion of victory ovr nmis, with rfrnc to a triumphal procssion. Profssor Alxandr supposs that it was composd to commmorat th victory of Jhoshaphat ovr th Ammonits and Edomits, rcordd in 2 Chr. 20. It is, as h rmarks, a coincidnc of som importanc, that thr is xprss mntion mad of th prsnc of th Kohattlits on that occasion, as among thos who stood up to prais th Lord (2Chron. 20:19). This is not, howvr, dcisiv, as thy might hav bn prsnt on othr similar occasions, and as it is probabl, in fact, that thy usually took part in clbrations of this kind. All that can b xprssd with any crtainty in rgard to th occasion on which th psalm was composd is, that it was on an occasion of 1 victory. Although I originally placd this psalm with th moving of th Ark, what Barns says hr maks a grat dal of sns, givn th svral instancs in this psalm whr God s sovrignty ovr all popls and ovr all th arth is statd. Howvr, this could b a clbration of David s taking of Jrusalm, appropriatly sung during th moving of th Ark of God into Jrusalm. Barns continus: Th psalm, thrfor, is a triumphal od, and was probably composd to b sung on occasion of som military triumph - som solmn procssion on a rturn from battl, with captiv princs marching in th procssion, and with a display of th shilds and othr implmnts of war takn from th fo. All this is clbratd as indicativ of th intrposing powr of God in victory, and as vidnc of his purpos to protct his chosn popl in tim of pril. Th psalm may yt b usd in a highr sns by th church at larg, whn all th fos of God on arth shall b subdud, and whn his kingdom shall b in fact st 2 up ovr all th world. 1 2 Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Psalm 47 introduction. Ibid.

4 Psalm 47 4 Th Occasion of Psalm 47 Scriptur Clark Gill Hnry Kil and Dlitzsch NIV Study Bibl Incidnt Th Psalm was probably writtn about th sam tim with th prcding psalm [th Jws rturn to th land from Babylon], and rlats to th happy stat of th Jws whn rturnd to thir own land. Thy rnwd thir praiss and promiss of thos obdint to Him, and 3 clbrat Him for th dlivranc thy had rcivd. Clark also bliv Psalms 46 and 47 to b writtn about th sam tim. My first instinct was to rjct this thory, thinking that this should hav bn writtn aftr a tim whn God hav givn Isral svral wins on th battlfild; howvr, what gratr tstimony to th grac of God and th plan of God than for a rlocatd Isralit to rcogniz that God would bring undr His subjction all nations and all popls, Thus psalm is thought by som to b writtn on occasion of th ark bing brought from th hous of Obddom to th city of David, to th plac h had prpard for it; which was attndd with singing and dancing, with shouting, and th sound of a trumpt, 2Sam. 6:12; but it rathr sms to b pnnd on account of th ascnsion of Christ to havn, prophtically spokn of in this psalm; and of th sprad of th Gospl, and th conqusts it mad in th Gntil world upon Christ's ascnsion; as th whol psalm shows: and vn Abn Ezra and Kimchi apply it to th tims of th Mssiah; and so do som of thir most ancint writrs, who particularly intrprt Psalm 47:5 of him (God has ascndd his thron amid loud shouts; th LORD has ascndd his thron amid th blaring of ram's horns), as may b sn in th not 4 upon it. Thr mr fact that this psalm is applicabl to th Mssiah mans that moving th Ark, which rprsnts Jsus Christ, to Jrusalm, would b th idal tim for this psalm to b sung. Many suppos that this psalm was pnnd upon occasion of th bringing up of th ark to Mount Zion which Psalm 47:5 sms to rfr to ( God has gon up with a shout ); but it looks furthr, to th ascnsion of Christ into th havnly Zion, aftr h had finishd his undrtaking on arth, and to th stting up of his kingdom in th world, to which th hathn should bcom willing subjcts. In singing this psalm w ar to giv honour to th xaltd Rdmr, to rjoic in his xaltation, and to clbrat his praiss, confssing that h is Lord, to th glory 5 of God th Fathr. Psalm 47 has, in common with Psalm 46, not only th thought of th kingly xaltation of Jahv ovr th popls of th arth, but also its historical occasion, viz., Jhoshaphat's victory ovr th allid nighbouring nations, a victory without a conflict, and consquntly all th mor manifstly a victory of Jahv, who, aftr having fought for His popl, ascndd again amidst th music of thir clbration of victory; an vnt that was outwardly rprsntd in th conducting of th Ark back to th tmpl (2Chron. 20:28). Psalm 47:1 9 has grown out of this 6 vnt. It is unclar whthr this clbrats a victory or victoris, in th ys of Kil and Dlitzsch, or whthr this clbrats th movmnt of th Ark (and, as I hav suggstd, ths ar not incompatibl concpts). Ths vrss portray th liturgical ascnsion of God to th tmpl prhaps rprsntd by th procssional baring of th ark into th tmpl. Th ark is symbolic of God s thron; th 7 tmpl is th arly symbol of His havnly palac (s. Psalm 24 68) Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Psalm 47 introduction. I ditd som of his rmarks. Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Psalm 47 introduction. Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Psalm 47 introduction. Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Psalm 47 introduction. Th NIV Study Bibl; 1995 by Th Zondrvan Corporation; p. 826 (footnot).

5 5 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Th Occasion of Psalm 47 Scriptur Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg Incidnt This Psalm is supposd to hav bn composd by Solomon on th rmoval of th ark into 8 th tmpl, 2Chron. 7. Whn a pastor chooss to tach a psalm is up to th pastor. Most of th psalms ar not clarly tid to a particular vnt, and part of th rason for this is, ths psalms all hav mor of a timlss application. No doubt, a man of God was inspird by God th Holy Spirit and possibly by a st of human vnts, to writ down th thoughts of this psalm; but bar in mind, blivrs can writ down th most amazing things whn undr prssur or undr circumstancs quit diffrnt from thos in which thy find thmslvs. Obviously, w do not know whn this psalm was composd, or whn it was sung in clbration. Thr wr many victoris during David s rign, and any of thm could hav bn inspiration for this psalm. Although thr is nothing which dirctly conncts this psalm to th moving of th Ark, it sms lik a rasonabl fit. Howvr, what is ky is, th rsurrction of Jsus Christ is hrin prsntd, which rprsnts th victory of God in th Anglic Conflict. Svral commntators closly associat Psalms togthr, primarily bcaus thy ar locatd togthr and thir subjct mattr is vry similar. Thrfor, sinc Psalm 46 is not proprly placd with th moving of th Ark, on might conclud that Psalm 47 dos not blong thr ithr. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart Indx Clark maks an apt obsrvation of this psalm: In a spiritual sns, it appars to rlat to th calling 9 of th Gntils to b mad partakrs of th blssings of th Gospl with th convrtd Jws. Psalm 47 Inscription Slavishly litral: To th prminnt on; to sons of Korah; a song: Psalm 47 inscription Modratly litral: To th prminnt on; blonging to sons of Korah, a song: To th orchstra conductor and to th sons of Korah a song: Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: atin Vulgat Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Unto th nd, for th sons of Cor, for th hiddn. To th prminnt on; to sons of Korah; a song: For th nd, a Psalm for th sons of Cor. Th Pshitta lacks th inscription. Both th Latin and th Grk ar in agrmnt concrning this inscription, which is oftn th cas in th psalms (gnrally spaking, whn thr is a significant diffrnc, th Latin and Grk agr and th 8 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Psalm 47 introduction. 9 Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Psalm 47 introduction.

6 Psalm 47 6 Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Syriac and Hbrw agr). Howvr, hr, w simply do not know for crtain. In such instancs, w gnrally go with th Hbrw txt (if you will notic, this is th approach of most English translations). CEV NET Bibl Nw Living Tstamnt (A psalm for th popl of Korah and for th music ladr.) For th music dirctor; by th Korahits; a psalm. For th choir dirctor: A psalm of th dscndants of Korah Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Bibl in Basic English Complt Apostls Bibl God s Word To th chif music-makr. A Psalm. Of th sons of Korah. For th nd, A Psalm for th sons of Korah. For th choir dirctor; a psalm by Korah's dscndants. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Updatd Emphasizd Bibl MKJV Young's Litral Translation To th Chif Musician. for th Sons of Korah. A Mlody. To th Chif Musician. A Psalm for th sons of Korah. To th Ovrsr. --By sons of Korah. A Psalm. What is th gist of this vrs? It is not clar that this psalm has a namd author; it appars to b givn ovr to th chif musician and to th sons of Korah, who wr singrs and musicians. Psalm 47 inscription a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ì) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgards to, blonging to prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 nâtsach (çöç È ð) [pronouncd naw- TZAHKH] to ovrs, to suprvis; to b prminnt, to b nduring; th Prminnt On Pil participl with th dfinit articl Strong s #5329 BDB #663 Th Pil participl of nâtsach is givn a wid varity of rndrings: ovrsr (Young), th music ladr (CEV), choir dirctor (NASB, NLT), choirmastr (Owns), ladr (NRSV, NEB, NAB) and chif musician (Rothrham). Translation: To th Prminnt On;... As w hav sn with th numrous translations abov, no on is clar as to who this prson is. This psalm could b ddicatd to God, which is ssntially how I hav translatd it; howvr, it could b dsignd to b conductd by th chif musician, which is how Rothrham undrstands it. Most translators assum that this is givn ovr to th choir dirctor or th conductor or th on in charg of thos who sang. Unfortunatly, th xact maning of th lâmd prposition is also hard to dtrmin. W find svral psalms which ar ascribd to David writtn to David; but th ida is, th psalm blongs to David. Th lâmd prposition is usd mor oftn whn somthing is givn to somon ls or somthing is for somon ls, th chif manings of th lâmd prposition. Dspit th us of th lâmd prposition with David throughout th book of Psalms, I hav takn this to m that this psalm is writtn for whovr this Prminnt prson is.

7 7 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Barns commnts on this portion of th inscription: This phras in th titl, To th chif Musician, occurs at th bginning of 53 psalms, and at th clos of th hymn in Habak. 3:19. It is uniformly rndrd to th chif Musician, and mans that th psalm was intndd for him, or was to b givn to him, probably to rgulat th mannr of prforming it. In no on instanc dos th titl imply that h was th author. Th word rndrd Chif Musician is drivd from [ a Hbrw word] proprly maning to shin, but not usd in th Qal. In th Pil form it mans to b conspicuous; to b ovr anything; to b chif; to b suprintndnt (2Chron. 2:2, 18 34:12) and thn it mans to lad in music. Th maning of th form usd hr, and in th othr placs whr it occurs as a titl to a psalm, is Chif Musician, or prcntor; and th ida is, that th psalm is to b prformd undr his dirction; or that th music is to b dirctd and adaptd by him. 10 Evn though w hav th sam prposition usd hr as w find usd with David, whn h is th author, th many tims that this phras is found in combination with th author s nam suggsts mor that thr is a musical organization and that this song was dlivrd ovr to th Choirmastr (or conductor) of that organization to b sung and prformd at various functions. Th NIV Study Bibl has its opinion on this mattr: [For th dirctor of music is] probably a liturgical notation, indicating ithr that th psalm was to b addd to h collction of works to b usd by th dirctor of music in Isral s worship srvics, or that whn th psalm was usd in th tmpl worship, it was to b spok [or, sung?] by th ladr of th Lvitical choir or by th choir itslf (s 1Chron. 23:4 5, 30 [Of th ovrsrs ovr th works of th hous of th Lord thr wr twnty-four thousand, and thr wr six thousand scribs and judgs; and four thousand gatkprs, and four thousand to prais th Lord with instrumnts which h mad to prais th Lord...to stand in th morning to prais and giv thanks to th Lord, and so in th vning] 25 [assignmnts ar givn to th sons of Korah, among othrs]). In this liturgical activity th Lvits functiond as rprsntativs of th worshiping congrgation. Following thir lad th popl probably rspondd with Amn and Prais th LORD (Halllujah); s 1Chron. 16:36 Nh. 5:13; compar 1Cor. 14:16 Rv. 5:14 7:12 19:4. 11 Psalm 47 inscription b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ì) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgards to, blonging to prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 bên (ï Å ) [pronouncd ban] son, dscndant masculin plural construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Qôrach (ç ø - )É [pronouncd KOH-rahkh] ic, hail; bald; translitratd Korah masculin singular propr noun Strong s #7141 BDB #901 Translation:...blonging to sons of Korah,... As w hav sn in 1Chron. 15, th sons of Korah bcam th musicians and singrs of David s day. Bcaus of th matrial hr, I hav insrtd this psalm with thos sung during th moving of th Ark. Howvr, David is not prsntd as th author (nor would h hav to b th author in ordr for this psalm to b sung on this occasion). Givn that ths sons of Korah wr musicians, it maks sns that thy might writ som of th psalms during th tim of David. So, it is possibl that thy ar th writrs of svral psalms. 10 Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Psalm 4 introduction. 11 Th NIV Study Bibl; 1995 by Th Zondrvan Corporation; p. 782 (footnot). Txt slightly ditd and som of th passags wr includd as wll.

8 Psalm 47 8 My only rason why I don t bliv that th sons of Korah wrot this psalm; is, if th author of a psalm is going to b givn, I would xpct it to b a spcific prson. Furthrmor, it is not unlikly that this psalm was givn ovr to th sons of Korah in ordr to publically prform it. Now, I lan in th dirction that th sons of Korah wrot this psalm, but it is not somthing that I would b dogmatic about. Spurgon s opinion is, David wrot this psalm: A Psalm for th Sons of Korah. W cannot agr with thos who think that th sons of Korah wr th authors of ths Psalms: thy hav all th indication of David's authorship that on could xpct to s. Our ar has grown accustomd to th ring of David's compositions, and w ar morally crtain that w har it in this Psalm. Evry xprt would dtct hr th autograph of th Son of Jss, or w ar gratly mistakn. Th sons of Korah sang ths Psalms but w bliv thy did not writ thm. Fit singrs wr thy whos origin rmindd thm of sin, whos xistnc was a proof of sovrign grac, and whos nam has a clos connction with th nam of Calvary. 12 Prsonally, I don t hav a strong opinion hr, although I lan toward th sons of Korah as bing th authors of this psalm. What this psalm dos hav, which is in kping with David s psalms, is carful organization and structur. David s psalms ar oftn multi-factd, carfully structurd and many-layrd. Dspit having all ths things, this dos not man that this psalm must b David s. Thr is no rason to assum that David is th only prson capabl of writing with thos charactristics. Sinc David livd during th tim of th most famous sons of Korah, and givn that h was closly associatd with th musicians of his tim, it is rasonabl to suppos that thy had many things in common with rspct to music. Aftr all, if you choos music writtn during various gnrations, thr is oftn som factors of commonality which ar not found in othr ras. A qustion which coms to m is, why isn t th authorship of this psalm clar? Thr is a simpl answr to this: what is important is th mssag, not th man. I hav listnd to a varity of pastors, with a varity of prsonalitis. Had I not bn spiritually raisd in Brachah church, it would nvr occur to m that Bobby Thim (III) is rlatd to Bob Thim, Jr. Thir prsonalitis ar dramatically diffrnt (vn though Bob s smd to chang ovr th yars). Bob could b vry abrasiv and thr wr tims whn I first bgan to listn to him whn I just flat out did not lik him (not an uncommon xprinc). Howvr, as I continud to listn, I njoyd th doctrin and vn apprciatd his prsonality aftr awhil. Howvr, th ky to his taching is th contnt of his taching; his prsonality is not th mold for blivrs, nor is it an issu. Thrfor, this psalm should stand on its own. Th sons of Korah ar rlatd to svral psalms: (xcpting 43) and (xcpting 86). Psalm 47 inscription c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs miz môwr (ø îæ î ò) [pronouncd mizê- MOHR] mlody, song, pom, psalm masculin singular noun Strong s #4210 BDB #274 Translation:...a song:... I don t know if I can rally distinguish btwn songs, psalms and whatvr othr catgory that w hav; nor am I confidnt that I can giv a good xplanation for th spiritual information convyd by this word. Non of th commntators that I rfr to had any commnts that I found important. I am going to simply assum that this was writtn to b sung. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins 12 Charls Haddon Spurgon, A Trasury of David; -Sword, Psalm 47 introduction.

9 9 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Th Lord Most High is God ovr All Slavishly litral: All th popl, clap [your] hand; shout unto Elohim in a sound of shout of joy. Psalm 47:1 Modratly litral: Clap [your] hands, all [you] popl; and cry out to Elohim with th sound of a shout for joy,... Hr is how othrs hav handld this vrs: Ancint txts: Clap your hands, all of you popl, and cry out to God with a shout for joy. Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: All th popl, clap [your] hand; shout unto Elohim in a sound of shout of joy. Clap your hands, all you nations; shout to God with a voic of xultation. No significant diffrncs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag NET Bibl Nw Amrican Bibl Nw Living Tstamnt All of you nations, clap your hands and shout joyful praiss to God. Clap your hands for joy, all popls! Prais God with loud songs! Applaus, vryon. Bravo, bravissimo! Shout God-songs at th top of your lungs! All you nations, clap your hands! Shout out to God in clbration [Hb., "Shout to God with [th] sound of a ringing cry!"]! All you popls, clap your hands, shout to God with joyful cris. Com, vryon, and clap your hands for joy! Shout to God with joyful prais! Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Bibl in Basic English HCSB Th Scripturs 1998 O mak a glad nois with your hands, all you popls; ltting your voics go up to God with joy. Clap your hands, all you popls; shout to God with a jubilant cry. Oh, clap your hands, all you popls! Shout to Elohim with a voic of singing! Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Hbrw Nams Vrsion WEB Young's Updatd LT Oh clap your hands, all you nations. Shout to God with th voic of triumph! Oh clap your hands, all you nations. Shout to God with th voic of triumph! All you popls, clap th hand, Shout to God with a voic of singing;... What is th gist of this vrs? Blivrs ar told to clap thir hands and to shout out ot God with cris of joy.

10 Psalm Psalm 47:1a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kôl (ì ) É [pronouncd kohl] with a plural noun, it is rndrd all of; any of masculin singular construct with a masculin plural noun Strong s #3605 BDB #481 ammîym (íé.òç ) [pronouncd ìahm- MEEM] popls, nations; tribs [of Isral]; rlativs of anyon masculin plural collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation:...all [you] popl;... In my translation, I switchd th ordr somwhat, and placd this short phras scond. Howvr, th writr of this psalm addrsss all thos who har or rad th psalm. I hav insrtd th nd nd 2 prson masculin plural suffix into my English bcaus th command blow is a 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprativ. Thrfor, such a translation is rasonabl. Psalm 47:1b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tâqa (ò Ç È ) [pronouncd taw-kahì] to fastn, to thrust, to clap, to giv a blow, to giv a blast nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprativ Strong s #8628 BDB #1075 Th ky to th maning of this vrb is contxt and th dirct objct. kaph (ó Ç ) [pronouncd kaf] palm, hollow or flat of th hand, sol of th foot; bowl, spoon fminin singular noun Strong s #3709 BDB #496 Translation: Clap [your] hands,... This is kind of intrsting. Th vrb hr is dpndnt upon th objct in ordr to giv it a maning. Sinc th objct is a prson s hands, w assum that thy ar bing told to clap thm. Howvr, vn mor intrsting is, w find th fminin singular noun hr for hand, palm. I don t know rally how on hand is clappd nor do I know how on maks any sort of nois with on hand. Howvr, I think that th singular is usd hr as a mtonymy for th plural, and hav so rndrd it. Today, in our cultur, whn w clap, that indicats apprciat for what has bn said or apprciation for a prformanc of som sort. I am going to assum that th psalmist is asking thos who har this psalm to show thir apprciation to God. At this point, you may go to th Doctrin of Clapping Hands or simply prus th summary blow: In th ancint world, th clapping of hands could b associatd with scorn or with apprciation. Luckily for us, th tims whn th clapping of hands is found in Scriptur, its maning and association is clar by th contxt. Summary of th Doctrin of Clapping Hands 1. Hand clapping in th ancint world, just lik today, is associatd with apprciation, joy, rspct and/or njoymnt. 2Kings 11:12 Psalm 47:1 98:8 Isa. 55:12 2. Hand clapping in th ancint world could also b associatd with scorn. Job 27:23 Lam. 2:15 3. Clapping hands could b associatd with disapproval (scorn s youngr brothr). Ezk. 22:13 4. Clapping hands can b associatd with misry and dspair. Ezk. 6:11 21:14

11 11 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Summary of th Doctrin of Clapping Hands 5. And, intrstingly nough, th clapping of hands appars to b associatd with mpathy. Nahum 33:19 Th primary diffrnc btwn this and th complt doctrin is, th complt doctrin lists all of th passags, th passags ar writtn out, and somtims a commnt is addd. In Psalm 47, w ar daling with Jhovah, th Grat King; and it is most rasonabl to assum that this is clapping which is associatd with His offic (or inauguration). Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Psalm 47:1c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs rûwa ( òç ø) [pronouncd roo-ahì] to shout, to rais a shout, to cry out, to giv a blast, ar causd to shout nd 2 prson masculin plural, Hiphil imprativ Strong s #7321 BDB #929 l (ì à ) [pronouncd l] unto, in, into, toward, to, rgarding, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 Ìlôhîym (î äò éì É àá ) [pronouncd l-o-heem] gods or God; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun Strong's #430 BDB #43 Translation:...and cry out to Elohim... Again, w hav an imprativ, and th listnr is to shout out or to cry out to God. Sinc th thrust of this psalm appars to b on of prais and glorification, I am going to assum that blivrs ar told hr to shout out to God. During a prformanc of som kind, if popl ar movd and if thy hav rspondd motionally, thy will oftn clap and mak noiss of apprciation. This may includ whistling, ylling nthusiastically, calling out th prformr s nam, tc. My thinking hr is, blivrs ar told to xprss vocally thir apprciation for God. Psalm 47:1d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 qôwl (ì ) [pronouncd kohl] sound, voic, nois; loud nois, thundring masculin singular construct Strong s #6963 BDB #876 rinnâh (ä È ) øò [pronouncd rin-naw] shouting for joy; cry, loud cry, a mournful cry, wailing; a ringing cry [in an ntraty or supplication] fminin singular noun Strong s #7440 BDB #943

12 Psalm Translation:...with th sound of a shout for joy. Again, givn th gist of th psalm, I don t think that w ar daling with mournful cris or wailing, but with shouts of joy. Whn a prformr finishs a prformanc, it is common for popl to mak sounds of apprciation and to clap, and hr, w ar urgd to do so on God s bhalf. This is, ssntially, glorifying God for His works and His prson (which things will b a part of this short psalm). At th nd of this psalm, I am going to giv two intrprtations to it: this psalm can b associatd with th history of Isral and it can b associatd with Jsus Christ and His suffring on our bhalf on th cross, and, primarily with His rsurrction (Psalm 47:5). This first vrs can indicat an apprciation for God bringing Isral out of Egypt. In th first xampl, thr ar two striking instancs of man showing apprciation for God s Son: at His birth, whn wis mn and shphrds cam to worship Him and, whn H rod into Jrusalm during th final wk, and His ntranc was clbratd by many who wr thr. Ths would b tims for man to b njoind to Clap [your] hands, all [you] popl; and cry out to Elohim with th sound of a shout for joy. Ths two intrprtations ar not gnrally found in th works of othr commntators (in fact, ths intrprtations may vn b original with m), but, as w xamin this psalm, and summariz it in th nd, ths intrprtations will b sn as prfctly appropriat. If this psalm is proprly associatd with David bringing th Ark into Jrusalm, thn w hav a marvlous prophtic paralll hr. David brings th Ark which symbolizs Jsus Christ into Jrusalm, and th popl ar singing and clapping and showing grat apprciation for th vnt. This is so appropriatly parallld with Jsus Christ riding a donky into Jrusalm at th wk of th Passovr a wk bfor His crucifixion and th popl wr chring and singing and clbrating. Th sorts of things calld for hr ar in congrunc with a grat clbration of a triumphal ntry as wll as clbrating th Ark itslf: 2Sam. 6:15 (And David and all th hous of Isral brought up th ark of Jhovah with shouting, and with th sound of th ram's horn) 1Chron. 15:28 Zch. 4:7 9:9 (Rjoic gratly, O daughtr of Zion; shout, O daughtr of Jrusalm; bhold, your King coms to you. H is rightous and victorious, mk and riding on an ass, vn on a colt, th son of an ass) Isa. 12:6 42:11 44:23 Jr. 50:15. Clark undrstands this vrs to b associatd with Isral rturning to th land from Babylon aftr th having bn displacd undr th 5 cycl of disciplin: Lt both Jws and Gntils magnify th Lord: th Jws, for bing dlivrd from th Babylonian captivity; th Gntils, for bing calld to ntr into th glorious librty of th childrn of God Gill maks th apt obsrvation that thos who ar bing njoind to clbrat hr ar all [you] popl. If w intrprt this as a rfrnc to th rsurrction of Jsus Christ, of cours, all mankind should clbrat, as our Lord did for all mn, whthr Jw or Gntil. Howvr, vn if w apply this psalm to th history of Isral, whn God took Isral out of Egypt, many popl from all around rcognizd this and rcognizd that th God of th Jws is th God ovr all man, and blivd in Him, thus scuring thir own salvation in His nam. God taking th Jws out of Egypt was a sign to Gntils and a prompt for thm to bliv in our Lord, and thrfor a call for clbration of all mankind. For Y howah Most High bing fard a king a grat ovr all th arth. Psalm 47:2...for Y howah th Most High [is to b] fard, [as] th grat king [ruling] ovr all th arth. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: W ought to far Jhovah th Most High as th grat king ruling ovr th ntir arth. Masortic Txt For Y howah Most High bing fard Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Psalm 47:1. Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Psalm 47:1.

13 13 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: a king a grat ovr all th arth. For th Lord most high is trribl; h is a grat king ovr all th arth. Non. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Rvisd English Bibl Th LORD Most High is farsom, th rulr of all th arth. Th LORD, th Most High, is to b fard; h is a grat king, ruling ovr all th world. GOD Most High is stunning, astrid land and ocan. How awsom is th LORD Most High, grat King ovr all th arth! Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): HCSB NET Bibl For th LORD Most High is aw-inspiring, a grat King ovr all th arth. For th sovrign LORD3 is aw-inspiring; h is th grat king who ruls th whol arth! Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: English Standard Vrsion Hbrw Nams Vrsion LTHB Young's Litral Translation For th LORD, th Most High, is to b fard, a grat king ovr all th arth. For th LORD Elyon is awsom. H is a grat King ovr all th arth. For Jhovah Most High is awsom, a grat King ovr all th arth. For Jhovah Most High is farful, A grat king ovr all th arth. What is th gist of this vrs? Jhovah God is to b fard and rspctd, as a grat king ovr all th arth. Psalm 47:2a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (é ò ) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 YHWH (ä åä é) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 l yôwn (ï é ì ò) Most High, highst, Suprm masculin singular noun [pronouncd ìl -YOHN] Strong s #5945 BDB #751 yârê (à øåéè ) [pronouncd yaw-ray] to b fard, to b rspctd, to b rvrnc; trribl, dradful, awsom; vnrabl, August; stupndous, admirabl Niphal participl Strong s #3372 BDB #431

14 Psalm Psalm 47:2a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Barns commnts on this word: litrally, is to b fard; that is, rvrncd and adord. Thr is an ida in th words trribl and trror which is not containd in th original, as if thr wr somthing harsh, svr, strn, in his charactr. Th word in th original dos not go byond th notion of inspiring rvrnc or aw, and is th common word by which th worship of God is dsignatd in th Scripturs. Th maning is, that h is worthy of profound rvrnc or adoration. 15 Translation:...for Y howah th Most High [is to b] fard,... Jhovah God is prsntd as th Most High and H is to b fard and/or rspctd by all. This sam word can man awsom, vnrabl, admirabl. In th Old Tstamnt, a blivr might b dsignatd as on who fars th Lord, as you can only far somthing that 16 you bliv in. From th outst, th Jws knw that thir God is th God ovr all. Ex. 18:11: Now I know that Jhovah is gratr than all gods; for in th thing in which thy wr provd against thm. 1Chron. 16:25 26: For grat is Jhovah, and gratly to b praisd. H also is to b fard abov all gods. For all th gods of th popls ar idols, but Jhovah mad th havns. 2Chron. 2:5 6: And th hous which I am building is grat. For our God is grat abov all gods. But who is abl to build Him a hous, sinc th havns and havn of th havns cannot contain Him? Who am I thn, that I should build Him a hous, xcpt only to burn sacrific bfor Him? 17 Psalm 95:5: For Jhovah is a grat God, and a grat King abov all gods. Th NET Bibl commnts upon th Niphal participl of to b fard, to b rvrd: Th Niphal participl of to b fard, whn usd of God in th psalms, focuss on th ffct that his royal splndor and powrful dds hav on thos witnssing his acts (Dut. 7:21[You shall not b afraid of thm, for Jhovah your God is among you, a mighty and trribl God]; Dut. 28:58 [If you will not obsrv to do all th words of this Law that ar writtn in this book, that you may far this glorious and farful nam, JEHOVAH YOUR GOD]; Psalm 66:3 [Say to God, How awsom ar Your works! Through th gratnss of Your powr, Your nmis prtnd obdinc to You]; Psalm 66:5 [Com and s th works of God; H is awsom in His dds toward th sons of mn]; Psalm 68:35; Psalm 76:7 [You, vn You, ar trrifying, and who can stand whn onc You ar angry?]; Psalm 76:12 [H shall cut off th spirit in princs; H is fard by th kings of th arth]; Psalm 89:7 [God is gratly to b fard in th congrgation of th saints, and to b adord by all around Him]; Psalm 96:4 [For Jhovah is grat, and gratly to b praisd; H is to b fard abov all gods]; Psalm 99:3 [Lt thm prais Your grat and farful nam; it is holy]; Psalm 111:9 [H snt rdmption to His popl; H has commandd His covnant forvr; holy and awsom is His nam]; Rv. 6:16 17 [And thy said to th mountains and rocks, Fall on us and hid us from th fac of Him sitting on th thron, and from th wrath of th Lamb; for th grat day of His wrath has com, and who will b abl to stand?]). Hr it rfrs to his capacity to fill his dfatd fos with trror and his popl with farful rspct Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Psalm 47:2. You might vn hav an irrational far that, intllctually, you rcogniz as irrational; but that far is so intrnalizd that you bliv it Ths passags wr takn from Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Psalm 47:2. Th Nt Bibl ; by Biblical Studis Prss (BSP); takn from -Sword; also found at Psalm 47:2. I insrtd th txt of th vrss and addd in som vrss from Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Psalm 47:2..

15 15 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Psalm 47:2b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs mlk ( ì î ) [pronouncd MEH-lk] king, rulr, princ masculin singular construct Strong s #4428 BDB #572 gâdôwl (ì ã È ) [pronouncd gaw-dole] grat in quantity, grat in magnitud and xtnt, mighty, vast, unyilding, immutabl; grat things, significant and astonishing [or mind-blowing] things masculin singular adjctiv oftn usd as a substantiv Strong s #1419 (& #1431) BDB #152 al (ì òç ) [pronouncd ìahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5921 BDB #752 kôl (ì ) É [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rndrd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 rts (õ ø à ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...[as] th grat king [ruling] ovr all th arth. I addd th comparativ as; bcaus thr will nvr b any man who ruls ovr all of th arth, xcpt for Jsus Christ. So, H is king ovr all th arth. W find this attstd to in Scriptur from bginning to nd. Jsus Christ, Prsntd as King ovr all th Earth Citation 2Sam. 7:16 Psalm 2:6 10 Passag/Commntary It was prophsid to David that His Gratr Son would rign forvr. And your hous and your kingdom shall b mad sur forvr bfor you. Your thron shall b stablishd forvr. David wrot about this in th psalms: Ya, I hav st My King on My holy hill, on Zion. I will dclar th dcr of Jhovah. H has said to M, You ar My Son; today I hav bgottn You. Ask of M, and I shall giv th nations for Your inhritanc; and th uttrmost parts of th arth for Your possssion. You shall brak thm with a rod of iron; You shall dash thm in pics lik a pottr's vssl. And now b wis, O kings; b instructd, O judgs of th arth.

16 Psalm Jsus Christ, Prsntd as King ovr all th Earth Citation Psalm 72:1 19 Psalm 45:6 7, 11 Isa. 9:6 7 Zch. 9:9 Matt. 2:1 2 Passag/Commntary Solomon also prophsid of such a King: Giv th King Your judgmnts, O God, and Your rightousnss to th King's son. H will judg Your popl in rightousnss, and Your poor with judgmnt. Th mountains shall bring pac to th popl, and th littl hills by rightousnss. H shall judg th poor of th popl; H shall sav th childrn of th ndy, and shall crush in pics th crul on. Thy shall far You as long as th sun and moon ndur, throughout all gnrations. H shall com down lik rain on th mown grass, lik showrs that watr th arth. In His days th rightous shall flourish; and abundanc of pac, until th moon is not. H shall also hav th rul from sa to sa, and from th Rivr to th nds of th arth. Thos who dwll in th wildrnss shall bow bfor Him; and His nmis shall lick th dust. Th kings of Tarshish and of th isls shall bring prsnts; th kings of Shba and Sba shall offr gifts. Ys, all kings shall fall down bfor Him; all nations shall srv Him. For H shall dlivr th ndy whn h cris; and th poor with no hlpr. H shall hav pity on th poor and ndy and shall sav th souls of th ndy. H shall rdm thir soul from dcit and violnc; and thir blood shall b prcious in His sight. And H shall liv, and to Him shall b givn th gold of Shba; and prayr shall always b mad for Him; H shall blss Him all th day long. Thr shall b a fullnss of grain in th arth on th top of th mountains; its fruit shall shak lik Lbanon, and thy of th city shall flourish lik grass of th arth. His nam shall ndur forvr; His nam shall b continud as long as th sun; and mn shall b blssd in Him; all nations shall call Him blssd. Blssd is Jhovah God, th God of Isral, who alon dos wondrful things. And blssd b His glorious nam forvr; and all th arth is filld with His glory! Amn and Amn. Your thron, O God, is forvr and vr; th staff of Your kingdom is a staff of rightousnss. You lov rightousnss, and hat wickdnss; thrfor God [Jsus Christ], Your God [God th Fathr], has anointd You with th oil of gladnss abov Your fllows...caus th King gratly to dsir your bauty, for H is your Lord, and you shall worship Him. For to us a Child is born, to us a Son is givn; and th govrnmnt shall b on His shouldr; and His nam shall b calld Wondrful, Counslor, Th mighty God, Th vrlasting Fathr, Th Princ of Pac. Thr is no nd of th incras of His govrnmnt and pac on th thron of David, and on His kingdom, to ordr it and to stablish it with judgmnt and with justic from now on, vn forvr. Th zal of Jhovah of Hosts will do this. Evn th dtails of His ntranc into Jrusalm is prophsid. Rjoic gratly, O daughtr of Zion; shout, O daughtr of Jrusalm; bhold, your King coms to you. H is rightous and victorious, mk and riding on an ass, vn on a colt, th son of an ass. Now whn Jsus was born in Bthlhm of Juda in th days of Hrod th king, bhold, wis mn cam from th ast to Jrusalm, saying, Whr is H who is born king of th Jws? For w hav sn His star in th ast and hav com to worship Him.

17 17 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Jsus Christ, Prsntd as King ovr all th Earth Citation Matt. 9:1 9 Matt. 27:11 Luk 1:30 33 Luk 19: Tim. 1:17 1Tim. 6:16 17 Rv. 19:16 Passag/Commntary Th prophsy of Zch 9:9 is fulfilld in Matthw. And whn thy drw nar Jrusalm, and had com to Bthphag, to th Mount of Olivs, thn Jsus snt two discipls, saying to thm, Go into th villag across from you. And immdiatly you will find an ass tid, and a colt with hr. Unti thm and bring thm to M. And if anyon says anything to you, you shall say, Th Lord has nd of thm, and immdiatly H will snd thm. All this was don so that it might b fulfilld which was spokn by th propht, saying, "Tll th daughtr of Zion, Bhold, your King coms to you, mk, and sitting on an ass, vn a colt th foal of an ass." And th discipls wnt and did as Jsus commandd thm. And thy brought th ass, vn th colt, and put thir cloths on thm, and H sat on thm. And a vry grat crowd sprad thir garmnts in th way. Othrs cut down branchs from th trs and sprad thm in th way. And th crowds who wnt bfor, and thos who followd, crid out, saying, Hosanna to th Son of David! Blssd is H who coms in th nam of th Lord! Hosanna in th highst! And Jsus stood bfor th govrnor. And th govrnor askd Him, saying, Ar you th king of th Jws? And Jsus said to him, You say it. And th angl said to hr, Do not far, Mary, for you hav found favor with God. And bhold! You shall conciv in your womb and bar a son, and you shall call His nam JESUS. H shall b grat and shall b calld th Son of th Highst. And th Lord God shall giv Him th thron of His fathr David. And H shall rign ovr th hous of Jacob forvr, and of His kingdom thr shall b no nd. And whn H had com nar, vn now at th dscnt of th Mount of Olivs, all th multitud of th discipls bgan to rjoic and prais God with a loud voic for all th mighty works which thy had sn, saying, Blssd is th King coming in th nam of th Lord! Pac in Havn and glory in th highst! Paul calld our Lord King: Now to th King trnal, immortal, invisibl, th only wis God, b honor and glory forvr and vr. For H in His own tim will rval who is th blssd and only Potntat, th King of kings and Lord of lords, Who alon has immortality, dwlling in light which cannot b approachd, whom no on of mn hav sn, nor can s; to whom b honor and powr vrlasting. Amn. And H has on His garmnt, and on His thigh a nam writtn, KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS. Most of ths passags wr takn from Lwis Sprry Chafr, Systmatic Thology; Abridgd Edition; Victor Books, 1984, Vol. 2, p. 39, 482. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins H is causd to spak to popls bnath us and nations bnath our [two] ft. Psalm 47:3 H ruls ovr [or, subdus, spaks to, dcrs] th popls bnath us and [H subdus] th nations bnath our ft.

18 Psalm Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: H subdus th popl bnath us and nations bnath our ft. Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: H is causd to spak to popls bnath us and nations bnath our [two] ft. H has subdud th popls undr us, and th nations undr our ft. Non; howvr, this mans that w us and unusual maning for th Hbrw vrb translatd to spak. Th Grk, Latin and Syriac ar all in agrmnt hr. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nw Amrican Bibl Nw Living Tstamnt God has put vry nation undr our powr,... H gav us victory ovr th popls; h mad us rul ovr th nations. H crushs hostil popl, puts nations at our ft. Who mad popl subjct to us, brought nations undr our ft. H subdus th nations bfor us, putting our nmis bnath our ft. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Bibl in Basic English God s Word JPS (Tanakh) NET Bibl H will put down th popls undr us, and th nations undr our ft. H brings popl undr our authority and puts nations undr our ft. H subjcts popls to us, Sts nations at our ft. [This is v. 5 in th Tanakh]. H subdud nations bnath us and countris undr our ft. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Th Amplifid Bibl Updatd Emphasizd Bibl English Standard Vrsion LTHB A Voic in th Wildrnss Young's Updatd LT For th Lord Most High xcits trror, aw and drd; H is a grat King ovr all th arth. H will subjugat Popls undr us, and Tribs of mn [or, populations] bnath our ft. H subdud popls undr us, and nations undr our f. H shall spak popls undr us, vn nations undr our ft. H shall put to flight th popls undr us, and nations undr our ft. H lads popls undr us, and nations undr our ft. What is th gist of this vrs? This God is God ovr all popl and nations.

19 19 Th Book of 1Chronicls (Th End of 1Chron. 15) Psalm 47:3a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs dâbar (ø áç ãè ) [pronouncd b daw -VAHR] to subdu, to lad away; put to flight; to spak rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct; apocopatd form Strong s #1696 BDB #180 nd This is from th vrb to spak, and th maning hr is takn from th 2 group of Qal manings, which ar to lad, to guid; to rul, to dirction; to bring to ordr, to subdu (th final two ar takn from th Arabic). This is th only plac whr w find this vrb usd in th Hiphil, and it obviously prsnts som problms hr. W do apparntly hav a similar usag in Psalm 18:47 (...th God who gav m vnganc and subdud popls undr m...) and 2Chron. 22:10 (Now whn Athaliah th mothr of Ahaziah saw that hr son was dad, sh aros and dstroyd all th royal family of th hous of Judah). Although th othr ancint languags agr upon this maning for th vrb, this is th common vrb which mans to spak to [with]. Th Hiphil (causal) stm would logically man H is causd to spak with. This is obviously a difficult maning to go with and mak anything out of this vrs. Prhaps th concpt is, whn somon spaks to somon ls, th formr ruls ovr, commands th lattr. Both BDB and Gsnius allow for ths altrnat manings; howvr, thy do not draw arrows to advanc us from th common maning of this vrb to ths othr manings. Prhaps th ida is to simply spak, insofar as making a dcr. ammîym (íé.òç ) [pronouncd ìahm- MEEM] popls, nations; tribs [of Isral]; rlativs of anyon masculin plural collctiv noun Strong s #5971 BDB #766 tachath (ú çç Ç ) [pronouncd TAHkhahth] undrnath, blow, undr, bnath; instad of, in liu of; in th plac [in which on stands]; in xchang for; on th basis of prposition of location or foundation with th 1 st prson plural suffix Strong s #8478 BDB #1065 Exampls of th lattr usag: Ex. 16:29 Judgs 7:21 1Sam. 14:9 2Sam. 2:23 7:10 1Chron. 17:9 Job 36:16 (givn that this prposition has such a spcific maning and that I giv it an ntirly diffrnt spin hr, I bliv that it would b bttr to includ passags which ar in agrmnt with this othr rndring). Translation: H ruls ovr [or, subdus, spaks to, dcrs] th popls bnath us... This is an unusual thing for any Israli to say, as thr is only on priod of tim whn Isral was in this position, and that is undr th rul of David. David did subdu th nations, with God s dirction, and Solomon and his gnration rapd th bnfits of this in th yars to follow. Howvr, historically, this did not continu. Isral was involvd in a lot of conflict in yars subsqunt to Solomon, and thr was nvr a rpat of th goldn ras of David and Solomon. Clark suggsts that this psalm looks backward, to th tim whn Isral ntrd into th land of promis, and subdud th indignous popls in th land. I should add that, intrprting this lin involvs applying an unusual maning to th vrb, which is discussd abov in th Hbrw xgsis. Now, in th Millnnium, Jsus Christ will rul ovr all th nations, and it is rasonabl to suppos th Isral will noy som prminnc. This phras is mor rasonably applid to God, Who ruls ovr all, dspit th fact that H has a spcial rlationship with Isral. This indicats that, in th Millnnium to com, Isral will b prminnt among th nations.

20 Psalm Although th othr ancint languags agr upon this maning for th vrb, this is th common vrb which mans to spak to [with]. Th Hiphil (causal) stm would logically man H is causd to spak with. This is obviously a difficult maning to go with and mak anything out of this vrs. Prhaps th concpt is, whn somon spaks to somon ls, th formr ruls ovr, commands th lattr. Both BDB and Gsnius allow for ths altrnat manings; howvr, thy do not draw arrows to advanc us from th common maning of this vrb to ths othr manings. That is, w do not know how ths manings ar intrrlatd. Sinc w hav a prposition which indicats dominanc in this passag (th popl bnath us), prhaps th ida which is bing convyd hr is, God spaks, and it coms to pass; i.., H dcrs that th popl would b in subjction to th Jws. This approach rmovs prtty much all of th difficulty with rgards to undrstanding this vrb, and yt rtains th gist of th passag. Barns also commnts on this vrb: Th word rndrd subdu is that which commonly mans to spak. Th ida in th us of this word hr is that h has only to spak and it is don (compar Psalm 33:9 For h spok, and it cam to b; h commandd, and it stood firm), or that h could do 19 it by a word. Psalm 47:3b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( å ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 l ôwm (í à ì ) [pronouncd l ohm] nations; popls; vulgar or common popls; Gntils; Gntil popls masculin plural noun Strong s #3816 BDB #522 tachath (ú çç Ç ) [pronouncd TAHkhahth] undrnath, blow, undr, bnath; instad of, in liu of; in th plac [in which on stands]; in xchang for; on th basis of prposition of location or foundation Strong s #8478 BDB #1065 rgl (ì â ø ) [pronouncd REH-gl] foot, ft fminin dual noun with st th 1 prson plural suffix Strong s #7272 BDB #919 Translation:...and [H subdus] th nations bnath our ft. This continus th vrb from th prvious vrs. God subdus th nations bnath Isral s ft. Th phras is usd for military subjction (s Psalm 110:1 Joshua 10: Cor. 15:25), which furthr supports th notion of th maning of th vrb in th prvious phras (carrid ovr to this phras by th principl of llipsis, whr th vrb for th first phras is logically applid to th scond phras which lacks a vrb. Gill rmarks: As Joshua, his typ, subdud th Canaanits; and as David, anothr typ of subdud th Syrians, Moabits, and othrs: th Jws from ths words xpct, that, in th tims of th Mssiah thy look for, th Gntils in a litral sns will b subdud by him, and bcom subjct to thm. 20 Th NIV Study Bibl givs a mor gnral summary: Th Lord of all th arth has shapd th dstiny of His popl Isral, as w s in Ex. 9:29 (And Moss said to him, as soon as I go out of th city, I will sprad abroad my hands to Jhovah. Th thundr shall stop, and th hail will not b any mor, so that you may know that th arth is Jhovah's) 15: :5 8 Dut. 7:6 (For you ar a holy Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Psalm 47:3. Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Psalm 47:3.