Macromolecules Review Science Department Ms. Martinez 2010
1. What are 4 examples of macromolecules?
1. What are 4 types of macromolecules? Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins
2. Why are macromolecules organic compounds?
2. Why are macromolecules organic compounds? They have the element Carbon
3. What are monomers? Small, simple units
4. What are polymers?
4. What are polymers? Larger units made of monomers
5. What are carbohydrates?
5. What are carbohydrates? Sugars and starches
6. What is the function of a carbohydrate?
6. What is the function of a carbohydrate? Main source of energy in living things
7. What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
7. What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? Monosaccharide
8. What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?
8. What is the polymer of a carbohydrate? Polysaccharide
9. What are monosaccharides?
9. What are monosaccharides? Single or simple sugars
10. How do plants store their excess sugar?
10. How do plants store their excess sugar? As Starch
11. How do animals store their excess sugar?
11. How do animals store their excess sugar? As Glycogen
12. Which elements are found in carbohydrates?
12. Which elements are found in carbohydrates? C H O (Carbon, hydrogen, and Oxygen)
13. What is the RATIO of these elements?
13. What is the RATIO of these elements? 1:2:1
14. When would you use Benedict s s solution?
14. When would you use Benedict s s solution? To test for monosaccharides
15. How does Benedict s Solution work?
15. How does Benedict s Solution work? In the presence of a MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it changes from BLUE to RED/ORANGE.
16. When would you use Iodine solution?
16. When would you use Iodine solution? To test for starches
17. How does Lugol s Iodine solution work?
17. How does Lugol s Iodine solution work? In the presence of a starch, it changes from BROWN to BLUISH/BLACK
18. List 2 examples of proteins in the body.
18. List 2 examples of proteins in the body. Hair, Nails, Muscle, Antibodies, Enzymes, etc.
19. What are the function of proteins?
19. What are the function of proteins? Form muscles and bones, transport substances and control the rate of reactions in the body
20. Which elements are found in proteins?
20. Which elements are found in proteins? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
21. What is the monomer of a protein?
21. What is the monomer of a protein? Amino Acid
22. SKETCH and LABEL an amino acid.
22. SKETCH and LABEL an amino acid.
23. How many amino acids are there?
23. How many amino acids are there? 20
24. What type of covalent bond do amino acids have?
24. What type of covalent bond do amino acids have? Peptide Bonds Polypeptide/Protein
25. What are enzymes?
25. What are enzymes? types of proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions
26. Catalysts will (speed- up / slow down) a chemical reaction.
26. Catalysts will (speed-up / slow down) a chemical reaction. speed-up
27. A biological catalyst is an.
27. A biological catalyst is an. ENZYME
28. What is an example of a common catalyst?
28. What is an example of a common catalyst? Match
29. Are all enzymes types of proteins?
29. Are all enzymes types of proteins? YES!! Enzyme (Protein) Enzyme (Protein) Enzyme (Protein)
30. Are all proteins types of enzymes?
30. Are all proteins types of enzymes? No!! Enzyme (Protein) Channel Protein Antibody
31. The energy needed to start a reaction is called energy.
31. The energy needed to start a reaction is called energy. Activation
32. What temperature do enzymes work best in your body?
32. What temperature do enzymes work best in your body? 37 degrees C
33. What happens to the activation energy in the presence of an enzyme?
33. What happens to the activation energy in the presence of an enzyme? LOWERED
34. SKETCH and LABEL an Energy Hill Diagram.
34. SKETCH and LABEL an Energy Hill Diagram.
35. What is Denaturation?
35. What is Denaturation? When the proteins natural structure, its 3-D 3 D shape, is permanently changed
36. List 2 things that can denature proteins.
36. List 2 things that can denature proteins. Change in ph or temperature
37. The molecule on which an enzyme will attach is called the site.
37. The molecule on which an enzyme will attach is called the site. active
38. What are lipids?
38. What are lipids? Molecules that cannot dissolve in water
39. What are examples of lipids?
39. What are examples of lipids? Fats, oils, waxes & steroids
40. What are functions of lipids?
40. What are functions of lipids? 1. Long-term Energy storage for animals 2. Structural elements for plants and animal
41. Which elements are found in lipids?
41. Which elements are found in lipids? Mostly carbon and hydrogen with some oxygen
42. What is the monomer of a lipid?
42. What is the monomer of a lipid? 3 fatty-acids acids and 1 glycerol head
43. What is the structure of a lipid?
43. What is the structure of a lipid?
44. What is a saturated fat?
44. What is a saturated fat? -Solid at room temperature and no double bonds (full of hydrogen) -ex animal fats
45. What is an unsaturated fat?
45. What is an unsaturated fat? -Liquid at room temperature due to double bonds (bent structure) -ex plant oils
46. What are two types of nucleic acids?
46. What are two types of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA
47. What are the functions of nucleic acids?
47. What are the functions of nucleic acids? Store and transmit genetic information
48. What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
48. What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? Nucleotide
49. What 3 structures does a nucleotide consist of?
49. What 3 structures does a nucleotide Phosphate consist of? Sugar Nitrogen Base
50. What is range for the ph scale?
50. What is range for the ph scale? 0 to 14
51. What are acids?
51. What are acids? They release a hydrogen ion, H+, into water
52. List 3 properties of acids.
52. List 3 properties of acids. 1. Taste sour 2. Are sticky 3. React with Metals
53. What color will Litmus paper turn in the presence of an acid?
53. What color will Litmus paper turn in the presence of an acid? RED (pink)
54. Which ion does an acid have?
54. Which ion does an acid have? Hydrogen ion, H+
55. Where are strong acids on the scale?
55. Where are strong acids on the scale? Closer to 0
56. What are bases?
56. What are bases? They release a hydroxide ion, OH-,, into water
57. List 3 properties of a base.
57. List 3 properties of a base. 1. Bitter, sharp taste 2. Feel slippery 3. React with organic molecules
58. What color will Litmus paper turn in the presence of a base?
58. What color will Litmus paper turn in the presence of a base? BLUE (purple)
59. Which ion does a base have?
59. Which ion does a base have? Hydroxide ion, OH-
60. Where are strong bases on the ph scale?
60. Where are strong bases on the ph scale? Near 14
61. Solutions that have concentrations of H+ ion LOWER than pure water are (acids/bases).
61. Solutions that have concentrations of H+ ion LOWER than pure water are (acids/bases). BASES Huh? Bases have very little H+, but lots of OH-. H+ OH-
62. H+ reacts with OH- to form?
62. H+ reacts with OH- to form? H2O (Water)
Study!