Recognizing Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
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1 Recognizing Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Oct 15 8:05 PM
2 What is an Organic Molecule? An Organic Molecule is a molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and oxygen Carbon is found in things that are or were living. What is an Inorganic Molecule? An Inorganic Molecule is a molecule that contains carbon or hydrogen and oxygen Water (H 2 O) is the most abundant and important inorganic compound. Most Inorganics contain H. A few Inorganics contain Carbon - ie. CO 2, CO Oct 15 8:07 PM
3 Three Important Types of Organic Molecules are - Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Why are Carbohydrates Important? Carbohydrates provide energy to the cells. Why are Proteins Important? Proteins provide the material needed for growth and healing. Why are Lipids Important? Lipids store energy for later use by the body. Lipids also provide protection and padding for the body. Oct 15 8:28 PM
4 What do Carbohydrates and Proteins have in Common? Both are made up of smaller units called monomers. Sugar Monomers are also called Monosaccharides. Sugar Monomers generally contain 6 C, 12 H and 6 O. (2 hydrogen atoms for every one C atom) Sugar Monomers frequently form 5-6 sided rings. 3 types of sugar monomers - glucose, galactose and fructose Oct 15 8:32 PM
5 When 2 sugar Monomers bind together, they form disaccharides. Oct 15 9:05 PM
6 When many sugar monomers join together they form a polysaccharide. Oct 15 9:13 PM
7 A protein monomer is called an amino acid. All Amino acids have an amine group (NH 2 ) on one end and a carboxyl/acid group (COOH) on the other end. The part in between called the radical group (R) will differ for each amino acid. Amino Acids contain Nitrogen, Carbs and Lipids do not!!! Peptide bonds can link amino acids together to form a polypeptide. Oct 15 8:34 PM
8 2 types of polypeptides - 1. Polypeptides strands can bond side-to-side to form long fibrous proteins like keratin, found in connective tissue. 2. Polypeptide strands can also fold into special shapes that will only interact with chemicals having a complementary shape or electrical charge. These globular proteins can form enzymes which can help speed up chemical reactions in the body. Fibrous Protein Globular Protein Oct 16 12:38 AM
9 We can use Indicators to identify Carbohydrates and Proteins Sugar Indicator - Benedicts Solution In the presence of simple sugars ( monosaccharides) and heat, Benedict's turns from blue to yellow Starch Indicator - Lugol's Iodine Solution In the presence of starch (polysaccharides), Iodine turns from amber to blue-black Oct 16 12:48 AM
10 Protein Indicator - Biuret Reagent In the presence of protein, Biuret Reagent turns from blue to purple. Oct 16 12:59 AM
11 Lipids Lipids are a group of molecules that include oils, fats and waxes. Lipids have 2 parts - 1. A glycerol backbone that contains hydroxyl (OH) groups 2. One to three fatty acid chains (Long chains of C and H) Oct 16 1:02 AM
12 Lipids are named - 1. According to the number of fatty acids 2. According to whether the fatty acids are completely covered/saturated with hydrogen. Lipids look like the letter E. Oct 16 1:11 AM
13 See if you can identify the - 1. Amino Acid 2. Monosaccharide 3. Lipid 4. Starch (Polysaccharide) 5. Protein (Polypeptide) Oct 16 1:21 AM
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