I. Classification of Skeletal Muscles A. Attachments & Movement 1. Origin(s) 2. Insertion(s) 3. Action(s) a. Muscles act as: 1) Prime Movers Agonists 2) Antagonists 3) Synergists 4) Fixators
B. Muscles of the Head and Neck 1. Muscles of Facial Expression a. Scalp (Epicranium) 1) Occiptofrontalis (Epicranius) a) Frontal Belly (Frontalis) b) Occipital Belly (Occipitalis) c) Epicranial Aponeurosis (Aponeurosis Galea) b. Ear 1) Temporoparietalis c. Eye 1) Orbicularis oculi 2) Corrugator supercilii 3) Levator palpebrae superioris d. Nose 1) Procerus 2) Nasalis
e. Mouth 1) Buccinator (also used in Mastication) 2) Orbicularis oris 3) Levator labii superioris 4) Depressor anguli oris 5) Depressor labii inferioris 6) Mentalis 7) Risorius 8) Zygomaticus major and minor f. Neck 1) Platysma
2. Muscles of the Eye a. Extrinsic Eye Muscles (Extraocular or Oculomotor) 1) Superior Rectus 2) Inferior Rectus 3) Medial Rectus 4) Lateral Rectus 5) Superior Oblique 6) Inferior Oblique 3. Muscles of Mastication a. Masseter b. Temporalis c. Medial pterygoid d. Lateral pterygoid
4. Muscles of the Tongue and Pharynx a. Tongue 1) Genioglossus 2) Hyoglossus 3) Palatoglossus 4) Styloglossus b. Pharynx 1) Superior Constrictor 2) Middle Constrictor 3) Inferior Constrictor 4) Levator Veli Palatini 5) Tensor Veli Palatini 6) Palatopharyngeus 7) Salpingopharyngeus 8) Stylopharyngeus
5. Muscles of the Anterior (Anterolateral) Neck a. Sternocleidomastoid (2 separate**) 1) Clavicular Head 2) Sternal Head b. Digastric* 1) Anterior Belly 2) Posterior Belly c. Mylohyoid* d. Geniohyoid e. Stylohyoid f. Omohyoid 1) Superior Belly 2) Inferior Belly g. Sternohyoid* h. Sternothryroid* i. Thyrohyoid* * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar ** Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is somewhat different
C. Muscles of the Vertebral Column, Abdomen, and Pelvis 1. Muscles of the Vertebral Column a. Superficial Layer 1) Splenius Capitis 2) Splenius Cervicis b. Intermediate Layer - Erector Spinae Group 1) Spinalis Group a) Spinalis Cervicis b) Spinalis Thoracis 2) Longissimus Group a) Longissimus Capitis b) Longissimus Cervicis c) Longissimus Thoracis 3) Iliocostalis Group a) Iliocostalis Cervicis b) Iliocostalis Thoracis c) Iliocostalis Lumborum
c. Deep Layer Transversospinalis Muscles 1) Semispinalis Capitis 2) Semispinalis Cervicis 3) Semispinalis Thoracis 4) Multifidus 5) Rotatores Cervicis 6) Rotatores Thoracis 7) Rotatores Lumborum 8) Interspinales 9) Intertransversarii d. Spinal Flexors 1) Longus Capitis 2) Longus Colli 3) Quadratus Lumborum
2. Oblique and Rectus Muscles a. Oblique Muscles 1) Oblique Neck Muscles Scalene Group a) Anterior Scalenes* b) Middle Scalenes* c) Posterior Scalenes* 2) Oblique Thoracic Muscles a) External Intercostals* b) Internal Intercostals* c) Transversus Thoracis d) Superior Serratus posterior e) Inferior Serratus posterior 3) Oblique Abdominal Muscles a) External oblique* 1] Linea alba b) Internal oblique* c) Transversus abdominis* b. Rectus Muscles 1) Diaphragm (Dissect in A&P II) 2) Rectus abdominis* a) Tendinous Inscriptions * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar
3. Muscles of the Pelvic Region a. Anal Triangle Pelvic Diaphragm 1) Coccygeus 2) Levator Ani (Iliococcygeus) 3) Pubococcygeus 4) External Anal Sphincter b. Urogenital Triangle 1) Bulbospongiosus a) Males b) Females 2) Ischiocavernosus 3) Superficial Transverse Perineal 4) Urogenital Diaphragm Deep Transverse Perineal 5) External Urethral Sphincter a) Males b) Females
D. Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb 1. Muscles that move the Pectoral Girdle a. Subclavius b. Serratus anterior (ventralis**) c. Pectoralis minor ** d. Trapezius (3 separate**) 1) Clavo- 2) Acromio- 3) Spino- 4) Ligamentum nuchae e. Rhomboid major (different**) f. Rhomboid minor (different**) g. Levator scapulae* * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar ** Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is somewhat different
2. Muscles that move the Arm (Span Shoulder Joint) a. Coracobrachialis b. Pectoralis major** c. Deltoid (3 separate**) 1) Clavo- 2) Acromio- 3) Spinod. Latissimus dorsi* e. Teres major* f. The Rotator Cuff 1) Subscapularis* 2) Supraspinatus* 3) Infraspinatus* 4) Teres minor 5) Clinical Application: Rotator Cuff Injuries a) Premature Degeneration b) Bursitis * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar ** Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is somewhat different
3. Muscles that move the Forearm (Span Elbow Joint) a. Flexors 1) Biceps brachii* a) Short Head b) Long Head 1] Intertubercular Synovial Sheath 2) Brachialis* 3) Brachioradialis* b. Pronators 1) Pronator teres* 2) Pronator quadratus c. Supinator d. Extensors 1) Triceps brachii* a) Long Head b) Lateral Head c) Medial Head 2) Anconeus * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar
4. Muscles that move the Wrist and Hand a. Extrinsic Muscles of the Superficial Anterior Forearm 1) ALL Tendons Supported by Flexor Retinaculum 2) Flexor carpi radialis* 3) Palmaris longus* 4) Flexor carpi ulnaris* b. Extrinsic Muscles of the Deep Anterior Forearm 1) Flexor digitorum superficialis 2) Flexor digitorum profundus 3) Flexor pollicis longus c. Extrinsic Muscles of the Superficial Posterior Forearm 1) ALL Tendons Supported by Extensor Retinaculum 2) Extensor carpi radialis longus* 3) Extensor carpi radialis brevis* 4) Extensor digitorum (different **) 5) Extensor carpi ulnaris* d. Extrinsic Muscles of the Deep Posterior Forearm 1) Abductor pollicis longus 2) Extensor pollicis brevis 3) Extensor pollicis longus * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar ** Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is somewhat different
e. Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand 1) Thenar Eminence a) Flexor Pollicis Brevis b) Abductor Pollicis Brevis c) Opponens Pollicis d) Medial to Thenar Eminence 1] Adductor Pollicis 2) Hypothenar Eminence a) Opponens Digiti Minimi b) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis c) Abductor Digiti Minimi 3) Other Intrinsic Hand Muscles a) Palmaris Brevis b) Lumbricals c) Dorsal Interosseus Muscles d) Palmar Interosseus Muscles f. Clinical Application: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 1) Median Nerve
E. Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb 1. Muscles that move the Thigh (Span Hip Joint) a. Gluteal Group 1) Gluteus Maximus* a) Iliotibial Tract 2) Gluteus Medius* 3) Gluteus Minimus 4) Tensor Fasciae Latae* b. Lateral Rotator Group 1) Obturator Internus 2) Obturator Externus 3) Piriformis 4) Quadratus Femoris 5) Superior Gemellus 6) Inferior Gemellus * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar
c. Iliopsoas Group 1) Psoas Major 2) Iliacus d. Adductor Group ** Different (Medial Compartment) 1) Pectineus* 2) Gracilis* 3) Adductor Magnus 4) Adductor Longus* 5) Adductor Brevis * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar ** Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is somewhat different
2. Muscles that move the Leg (Span Knee Joint) a. Posterior Compartment of Thigh Hamstrings (Also Span Hip Joint) 1) Biceps femoris* 2) Semitendinosus* 3) Semimembranosus* b. Anterior Compartment of Thigh 1) Quadriceps femoris a) Rectus femoris* (Also Span Hip Joint) b) Vastus medialis* c) Vastus lateralis* d) Vastus intermedius* 2) Sartorius* (Also Span Hip Joint) c. Popliteus (Located in Deep Posterior Compartment of Leg) * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar
3. Muscles that move the Ankle and Foot a. Anterior Compartment 1) Tibialis anterior* 2) Fibularis (Peroneus) tertius (Lecture Book) 3) Extensor hallucis longus 4) Extensor digitorum longus* b. Lateral Compartment 1) Fibularis (Peroneus) longus* 2) Fibularis (Peroneus) brevis* c. Superficial Posterior Compartment 1) Triceps surae a) Gastrocnemius* b) Soleus* c) Share Calcaneal Tendon 2) Plantaris d. Deep Posterior Compartment 1) Tibialis posterior 2) Flexor hallucis longus 3) Flexor digitorum longus* * Indicates that the dissected cat muscle is similar
d. Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot 1) Extensor Digitorum Brevis 2) Flexor Digitorum Brevis 3) Abductor Hallucis 4) Flexor Hallucis Brevis 5) Abductor Digiti Minimi 6) Quadratus Plantae 7) Lumbricals 8) Adductor Hallucis 9) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis 10) Dorsal Interosseus Muscles 11) Plantar Interosseus Muscles e. Clinical Application: Compartment Syndrome 1) Compartments