Muscular System. Principles of Health Science Dr. Wood
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1 Muscular System Principles of Health Science Dr. Wood
2 Characteristics of muscles Excitability: : irritability or ability to respond to stimulus Contractibility: : ability to contract (become short and thick) Extensibility: : ability to be stretched Elasticity: : allows muscle to return to its original shape after being contracted or stretched
3 Three main kind of muscles Cardiac Visceral or smooth Skeletal
4 Cardiac muscle Forms the walls of the heart and contraction causes blood to circulate Involuntary: : functions without conscious thought
5 Visceral or smooth muscle Found in internal organs of the body such as digestive system, eye, blood vessels Also involuntary
6 Skeletal muscle Attached to bones and causes body movement Voluntary: : have control over its action
7 Functions of skeletal muscle Movement Produce heat and energy Posture Protection of internal organs
8 Muscle attachment Tendons: : strong connective tissue cords that attach muscle to bone Fascia: : tough sheet like membrane that covers and protects tissue
9 Muscle attachment to bone Origin: : the end that does not move Insertion: : the end that does move when the muscle contracts
10 Muscle tone: : state of partial contracture of a muscle Atrophy: : muscles shrink in size and lose strength when not used for a long period Contracture: : severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint also from lack of use
11 Abduction Moving a body part away from the midline
12 Muscle movements Adduction: : moving toward the body
13 Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones or bending
14 Extension Increasing the angle between two bones or straightening
15 Pronation vs. Supination Supination: rotation of the forearm so that the palm is forward Pronation: : rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces backward
16 Ankle movement Dorsiflexion: movement of the top of the foot upward toward the lower leg Plantarflexion: downward movement of the top of the foot
17 More muscle movements Rotation: : turning a body part around its own axis, turning the head from side to side Circumduction: : moving in a circle at a joint, swinging the arm in a circle
18
19 Gastrocnemius Back of the lower leg Flexes the sole of the foot
20 Quadriceps femoris Front of the thigh Extends the leg
21 Gluteus maximus Buttocks Extends the thigh Injection site
22 Latissimus dorsi Spine around to the chest Extends and adducts the upper arm
23 Rectus abdominus Ribs to the pubis Compresses the abdomen
24 Intercostals Between the ribs Moves ribs for breathing
25 Triceps brachii Upper arm Extends the lower arm
26 Biceps brachii Upper arm Flexes the lower arm
27 Trapezius Upper back and neck Extends head and moves shoulder
28 Shoulder Abducts the arm Injection site Deltoid
29 Pectoralis major Upper chest Adducts and flexes the upper arm
30 Sternocleidomastoid Side of neck Turns & flexes head
31 Sartorius Front of thigh Abducts thigh, flexes leg
32 Tibialis anterior Front of lower leg Flexes and inverts foot
33 Muscle diseases Fibromyalgia: : Chronic pain in muscles Muscular dystrophy: inherited, progressive muscle atrophy Myasthenia gravis: impulses are not transmitted to the muscles leading to weakness and paralysis
34 More muscle diseases Spasms: cramps, sudden painful involuntary muscle contraction Strain: overstretching of muscle or tendon
35 Image Citations Slide 10: Achilles tendon-1/16/06 science-msd/image/ach msd/image/ach-tendon.gif Slide 11: 1/16/06 Slide 12: 1/16/06 on.jpg Slide 12: 1/16/06 anatomy/gr/adduction.gif Slide 13: 1/16/06 Slide 14: 1/16/06 prolab.com/comlab/sttop/sttop- bm/pictures/flexion.gif Slide 15: 1/16/06 knee_extension.gif Slide 17: Delmar Learning s Medical Terminology Image Library, Second Edition. Version 1.0. ISBN: Slide 18: 1/16/06 hand.jpg
36 Image Citations Slide 19: 1/16/06 Slide 20: 1/16/06 Slide 21: Gluteus maximus 1/16/06 Slide 22: 1/16/06 Slide 23: 1/16/06 Slide 24: 1/16/06 Slide 25: Anterior arm muscles 1/16/ gif Slide 26: 1/16/06 biceps-brachial.jpg brachial.jpg Slide 27: 1/16/06 Trapezius
37 Image Citations Slide 28: 1/16/06 Slide 29: 1/16/06 Pectoralis major Slide 30: 2/17/07 Sternocleidomastoid, Slide 31: 2/17/07 Sartorius, Slide 32: 2/17/07 Tibialis anterior,
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