7. Waste production and management 7A. Present Situation Current data for the Capital City of Warsaw: Index Unit Index value in a given year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Share of household transferred to landfills Share of household transferred to thermal treatment facilities or similar recycling Share of organic collected separately Provide type of collected organic (only food or food and garden ) % 19.60 9.93 3.97 0.03 0.00 % 10.36 10.41 8.95 8.21 5.82 % 2.69 3.38 2.63 1.62 2.39 - kitchen - gardens and parks green -restaurant kitchen - gardens and parks green -restaurant kitchen - gardens and parks green -restaurant kitchen - gardens and parks green kitchen - gardens and parks green Share of recycled household achieved recycling levels and preparations for reusing paper, metal, plastics and glass. % not applicable 1) not applicable 1) 11.34 16.65 13.97 Share of recycled packaging Share of reused packaging Amount of collected household per person Amount of collected communal per person % 45.69 34.48 17.16 19.83 15.85 % 54.31 65.52 82.84 80.17 84.15 kg/ person kg/ person 233 2) 212 2) 220 2) 222 2) no data 2) 394.2 2) 348.0 2) 320.4 2) 306.8 2) no data 2) 1) in the years 2010 2011 - no regulations enabling the calculation of achieved recycling levels and preparation for re-use of certain fractions of communal : paper, metals, plastics and glass. 2) data obtained from statistical pocketbooks published by the Main Statistical Office in Warsaw for the years 2010-2013. In 2014 - no regional data. 1
Waste management plans (PGO) were developed to achieve national ecological objectives, i.e.: separation of generated increase tendencies and their impact on the environment from national economic growth tendencies, implementation of management methods hierarchy, principle of self-sufficiency and proximity, development and maintenance of an integrated management facility network meeting environmental standards. Regulations regarding PGO, concern the regionalization of communal management and define regional communal treatment facilities. Designation of regions should fully ensure implementation self-sufficiency of all statutory requirements and continuation of management policy included in previous plans and solve the Voivodeship s major problems. The Regional Waste Management Plan for the Mazovian Voivodeship ( 2012 2017 and 2018 2023) (WPGO) outlined 5 regions, including the Warsaw region, which is the most populous - 2 746 081 persons (as of 31 December 2011). To prevent generation and raise residents awareness with regard to rational generation and management, Warsaw undertakes cyclical ecological education measures (on selective collection and methods of handling hazardous materials), targeted, in particular, at children and adolescents. In 2013, the city introduced the resident information system, available 24 hours/day, 7 days/week The Municipal Information Center - Warszawa 19115. Any irregularities of the functioning of the communal management system can be reported by calling the center or online. Reports are regularly registered and reviewed. The city promotes the re-use/repair of discarded products, notably through educational, economic, and logistic measures and by co-organizing the "used electrical and electronic equipment" collection system directly from households and designated collection points. Moreover, the city enables residents to dispose of expired medications into special containers located in 560 pharmacies. Mobile and stationary selective collection points have not yet been established in Warsaw. Currently, the system s operator is being selected. In addition, Warsaw carries out educational campaigns to promote environmental behaviors and knowledge of responsible consumerism, i.e.: Warsaw Recycling Days a regular event, aimed at promoting environment-friendly behavior and recycling among residents. During the event, seedlings are handed out in exchange for recycled materials. Mix up your garden an event aimed at reducing landfilled biodegradable (composting workshops are organized for residents, backyard composters are handed out). 2
The communal collection system was launched in 2013. The city adopted a series of resolutions, including the Regulations of maintaining cleanliness and order in the Capital City of Warsaw. Communal is generated in individual households and on uninhabited real estate grounds, i.e. public utility (health centers, schools) and infrastructure facilities (shopping, services). Entrepreneurs (selected within a procurement procedure) who concluded agreements with the city, collect communal from real estate owners: segregated dry packaging glass; large - volume green bio- mixed. In 2014, over 643 000 Mg of communal was collected, (including over 517 000 Mg of non-segregated communal ). A decrease in the collection of communal and an increase of the share of selectively collected (18.40% in 2013 to 19.58% in 2014) is observed: Volume of collected communal from the Capital City of Warsaw area Types of 2013 2014 [Mg] [%] [Mg] [%] Non-segregated (mixed) communal 20 03 01 531 296,78 81.60% 517 690,06 80.42% Selectively collected 119 813,79 18.40% 126 027,03 19.58% TOTAL: 651 110,57 100.00% 643 717,09 100.00% 3
Detailed treatment method of separately collected (2010 2014): L.p. Treatment method 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 [Mg] [%] [Mg] [%] [Mg] [%] [Mg] [%] [Mg] [%] 1 Sorting 384 103, 49 54.24 355 529,00 53.22 395 799,6 5 62.7 6 409 219,9 2 63.0 7 335 230,4 3 52.0 8 2 Composting 71 705,5 8 10.13 104 664,01 15.67 95 949,75 15.2 1 143 647,7 9 22.0 6 218 566,0 8 33.9 5 3 Incineration 64 022,4 8 9.04 60 407,29 9.04 53 721,22 8.52 44 373,17 6.81 31 224,86 4.85 4 Storing 5 Recovery 140 658, 86 47 681,0 3 19.86 66 482,92 9.95 23 367,55 3.71 3 193,05 0.49 177.50 0.03 6.73 80 933,98 12.12 52 531,02 8.33 40 801,33 6.27 48 554,77 7.54 6 Recycling no data no data. no data no data 9 294,19 1.47 9 875,31 1.52 9 963,45 1.55 Total - 708 171,44 668 017,20 630 663,38 651 110,57 643 717,09 Share of organic collected separately: Index Share of organic collected separately Unit Index volume in given years 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 % 2.69 3.38 2.63 1.62 2.39 kitchen - parks and gardens green kitchen - parks and gardens green kitchen - parks and gardens green kitchen - parks and gardens green - marketplace kitchen - parks and gardens green - marketplace Separately collected organic is transported to regional composting facilities. The Communal Solid Waste Utilization Facility (operating since 2001) where sorting from selective collection and thermal communal treatment with recovery of thermal/electric energy takes place. ZUO-2 can accept up to 90 000 Mg of /year. Treatment capacity includes both incineration and mechanical processing. Within the incineration process, electric energy in the amount of 10 000 MW is generated. Moreover, thermal energy in the amount of 250 000 GJ is produced. The increase of the amount of produced electric/heat energy will be possible due to the modernization of the facility (2018). 4
Photo: Archives of the City of Warsaw In 2013, the landfilled biodegradable communal volume reduction level amounted to 4.24%. 10 735,50 Mg of such was landfilled (including 163.84 Mg of mixed ). In 2012, the level of volume reduction of such landfilled amounted to 18.40 % and 46 627,89 Mg of such was landfilled. In 2014, 6 150,71 Mg of biodegradable communal was landfilled - the city reached its landfilled communal volume reduction level, amounting to 2.43%. Warsaw adopted a mixed system of fees for municipal collection/management: - inhabited real estate: per household the adopted fees vary depending on the building type and number of inhabitants, - uninhabited real estate: the product of the declared number of container emptyings, and the fee rate per container of a specified capacity. City methods of legislation enforcement regarding The property owner is obliged to submit a declaration to the city office. Should the owner fail to submit a declaration (or the data contained in the declaration raises doubts) - the office initiates administrative proceedings. Following the investigation (provided that irregularities are confirmed by an administrative decision), a new fee is set for municipal management. 5
7B. Past Performance - Unit Amount of collected communal (per person) Household generated in the city (per resident): Amount of collected communal per person 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 kg/person 394.2 348.0 320.4 306.8 no data In recent years, the amount of collected communal is systematically decreasing. Waste utilization trends in the city within the past 5-10 years In the past 5 years, the amount of transferred to landfills decreased. In 2010, nearly 20% of was landfilled. Today less than 1% of municipal is landfilled without pre-processing. Collected is sorted, composted and thermally treated. Waste collected separately is subject to recovery and recycling. In 2012, around 33 000 Mg of communal : paper, metal, plastic and glass was transferred for recycling, in 2013 around 48 000 Mg, and in 2014 over 35 000 Mg. Development of the city s - at the source - separate collection systems Before 2013, many models of separated collection at the source functioned within the city. Private entrepreneurs, collecting from residents, decided the shape and rules of such models. Residents and entrepreneurs concluded agreements specifying the type of collected communal and their method of collection at the source. In 2013, Warsaw introduced a uniform system of communal separation. Waste collection market in terms of the role of municipal (public) and/or private management companies Before 2013, management was carried out by entities who held a permit to collect communal. Residents concluded agreements with such entities (based on free market principles) for the collection of unsorted and separately collected raw material (so-called separation at the source). Entities chose treatment plants on their own. The Capital City of Warsaw served as a support unit, enforcing and executing local law and controlling the fulfillment of legal obligations. The city had an impact on the entire process solely through issuing permits for entrepreneurs for the collection of communal. In 2012, the law changed. The Capital City of Warsaw became the owner of bearing sole responsibility for its collection. Moreover, collection fees (under the new law) are now set and collected by the Capital City of Warsaw. 6
Measures or programs promoting generation prevention and recycling During the cyclical Warsaw Recycling Days event (2014) 35.5 tonnes of electric and electronic, 30.84 tonnes of dry sorted and 13.84 tonnes of glass was collected. In 2015, 46.82 tonnes of electric and electronic, 28 tonnes of dry sorted and 10.29 tonnes of glass was collected. The Vistula District project is implemented by the city in cooperation with the Society for Creative Initiatives "ę", Oddam Odpady organization, Stołeczna Estrada, Copernicus Science Centre, Komisja Klubowa, Plan B Society and the John Pitcher interactive agency. The campaign was launched on 21 March 2015 and lasted until September 2015. The aim of the project was to establish shared responsibility of residents for Vistula s terrains. A group of educators and animators was appointed, promoting the idea of maintaining order by running an information desk and distributing gadgets such as garbage bags and portable ashtrays. Moreover, in May 2015, the Warsaw Municipal Forest Center for Forest/Nature Education was opened. Educators conduct continuous educational activities within the city s forested areas. The I segregate workshops are aimed at raising children s and adolescent s awareness of the need of continuous segregation. The participants learn about the 3R principle: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and their objective is to promote the hierarchy of management among peers and family. Instruments applied in the city with regard to better communal management Under the new law, increased fees for entities and residents who declare lack of segregation are foreseen (system of fees of communal collection and management). In addition, the management system includes a system of control and sanctions imposed on people and entities who do not comply with the provisions of the Regulations of maintaining cleanliness and order. Selective communal collection points (PSZOK) and mobile selective communal collection points (MPSZOK) established in the city, improve management and collection. Waste management infrastructure The duty of municipal collection service providers is to transfer collected to regional municipal treatment plants, divided into two groups: for thermal or mechanical/biological treatment of municipal for processing green/bio- composting. 7
7C. Future Plans The main management objectives for the city have been outlined in the city s management plan: preparing materials such as paper, metal, plastic and household glass packaging and possibly from other sources similar to household for recycling and re-use at a minimum level of 50% of their volume until 2020, perfecting the selective system of collection, continuation of measures regarding enhancing residents awareness with regard to the proper functioning of the communal management system, continuation of regional communal management system development, promoting development and implementation of modern recovery and treatment techniques, including methods of thermal treatment within the Mazovian Voivodeship, reducing the amount of biodegradable communal transported to landfills, in order to reduce the volume of landfilled by 35% (compared to generated in 1995). The city set-out rules of operation of the communal management system on the basis of and in accordance with provisions of binding legal acts, which implement EU directives and guidelines. The city regularly monitors and analyzes strategic directions and objectives of efficient resource management in EU countries and conducts analyses with regard to the use of new technologies and measures, i.e. mechanical/thermal treatment of communal or separate collection of biodegradable and obtaining biogas from such. The city is also developing a Low-Carbon Economy Action Plan. Limitations - economic, volumetric and institutional Difficulties in obtaining good quality raw collected - at the source - is observed. Currently, dry separated contains many pollutants (i.e. food remains) which renders their recycling and reuse impossible. This has a negative impact on recycling levels. At the same time, obtaining localizations (space) for new management facilities is difficult. This is due to the existing society preconceptions with regard to localizations of such facilities. Initiatives aimed at preventing generation and increasing social awareness Since 2013, an educational/informational campaign promoting principles of selective collection of communal within the area of the city is being carried out. Currently, the #ekopoukładani campaign is carried out, which, in an attractive manner, encourages Warsaw residents to properly segregate. In the near future, intensification of measures is planned i.e. the construction of a playground for children using only upcycled materials. 8
Every year a Vistula river educators project is planned. Educators will regularly conduct educational/informational activities on the life cycle of and promote pro-ecological behaviors. The implementation of an educational program in all city educational facilities and organization of training for natural science teachers is planned. The Municipal Cleaning Authority (MPO) is currently implementing the Modernization and Expansion of the Solid Communal Waste Treatment Facility at Gwarków 9 St. in the Targówek District of the Capital City of Warsaw, which includes the modernization and expansion of the Gwarków Waste Treatment Facility to the capacity of 305 200 Mg/year (separately collected mixed communal and oversize fraction from a mechanical/biological treatment facility), including: a) construction of two new technological lines of a capacity of 132 600 Mg/year each (provided the continuity of operation of the existing line of a capacity of 40 000 Mg/year), b) modernization of the separately collected sorting process, in particular the construction of an automatic sorting facility. The total cost of the project amounts to 250 990 714. The project is to be completed in 2018. 7D. References Websites: The city s website dedicated to communal management: www.czysta.um.warszawa.pl Regulations of maintaining cleanliness and order: http://bip.warszawa.pl/nr/rdonlyres/fda8a925-282f-41ec-a5d1-4ec15ff875c4/1086315/0292_uch.pdf Analysis of the communal management conditions for the city of Warsaw for the year 2014: http://bip.warszawa.pl/menu_podmiotowe/biura_urzedu/go/ogloszenia/analiza+stanu+g ospodarki+odpadami+komunalnymi.htm 9
Regional Waste Management Plan for the Mazovian Voiviodeship for the years 2012 2017 taking into considerations the years 2018 2023: http://www.mazovia.pl/komunikaty--konsultacje-spoleczne/komunikaty/art,1642,sejmikwojewodztwa-mazowieckiego-uchwalil-plan-gospodarki-odpadami-dla-mazowsza-nalata-2012-2017-z-uwzglednieniem-lat-2018-2023.html http://www.wislawarszawa.pl/pl/aktualnosci/dzielnica-wisla-zaprasza http://oddamodpady.pl/dzielnica-wisla/ information on the #ekopoukladani educational campaign: http://www.um.warszawa.pl/aktualnosci/porz-dek-zaczyna-si-tu-w-warszawskich-domach 7E. Good practice Warsaw Recycling Days Warsaw Recycling Days is an annual event, organized in 18 districts for the purpose of diffusing environment-friendly behaviors and promote recycling among Warsaw residents as a chance for rational government of natural resources. During last year s edition more than 30 tonnes of dry separated : plastic, paper and metal was collected along with nearly 14 tonnes of glass and over 35 tonnes on electronic. In 2015, 47 tonnes of electric, 28 tonnes of dry separated and 10 tonnes of glass was collected. In exchange for resources brought by residents, they received flower, bush/herb plantings. Informational/educational point on segregation rules and plastic, metal, paper, glass and electric collection is established in each district. Photo: Archives of the City of Warsaw 10
Moreover the event holds many educational desks and games where younger participants can win various awards. In 2015, the attractions for participants included: Saplings of bushes, flowers and herbs in exchange for recyclable s (plastic, metals, paper, glass, electronic s); Contests and games regarding sorting s; Workshops i.e. modeling recycled paper mass, eco - jewelry, a T-shirt s second life; Processing paper and cardboard: explanation of paper s life cycle, building a cardboard city of the future, presenting possibilities of reusing paper and cardboard; Processing plastic: presenting possibilities of reusing plastic wrapping and packaging (polar or plastic boxes), second life of a plastic bottle Presents and educational materials. Photo: Archives of the City of Warsaw During the event, residents also receive information about new rules of sorting s in the city information point. Various workshops and activities are held in stalls organized by the city i.e. making eco - jewelry or creating an eco - robot. The participants of the final event are given a chance to explore a modern and ecological dustcart fueled by natural gas (CNG) or build instruments from plastic s. 11
Photo: Archives of the City of Warsaw 12