City of Toronto Waste Audits Presented to Residual Waste Working Group

Transcription

1 City of Toronto Waste Audits Presented to Residual Waste Working Group City of Toronto Solid Waste Management Services Policy & Planning Irene Ford Monday February 11 th, 2008

2 Outline Waste Audits Conducted by the City Waste Audit Limitations Waste Audit Study Design Waste Audit Results Conclusions

3 Waste Generation Streams & Waste Generator Single- Family Waste Audit Data Stream Curbside (Recycling, Green Bin and Residual Waste) Existing Waste Audit Data 2005 Toronto* 2006 Spring, Etobicoke 2006 Fall, North York 2007 Fall, Bulky Items Study Bulky Items (Waste & White Goods) Self Haul (to Transfer 2007 Fall, Transfer Station Stations) Audit Curbside (Recycling and 2005 Toronto* Residual Waste) 2006 Scarborough* 2007 North York* Multi-Family Bulky Items (Waste & White None Goods) Self Haul to Transfer Stations 2007 Fall, Transfer Station Audit Curbside/Yellow Bag Select Data Commercial Self Haul to Transfer Stations 2007 Fall, Transfer Station Audit Process Material Recovery Facility (s) Select Data Residue Organic Processing Facility (s) Select Data * Conducted through Stewardship Ontario s Waste Audit Program

4 Waste Audits and Stewardship Ontario Stewardship Ontario provides funding for the waste audit contractor and compiles waste sort results. Stewardship Ontario uses data from waste audits to: assess waste generation for setting fees (with the stewards reports as the cross check); determine the recovery performance of existing programs; and, assess opportunities and priorities for recovery improvement.

5 Waste Audits Limitations and Applicability Snapshot All variations can not be captured in a snapshot. State of a specific area within the City at a specific time and may not be indicative of waste generation, practices and programs city-wide. Waste stream changes over time Residents behaviour changes over time Data analysis methods and assumptions Implementation of 70% diversion initiatives are anticipated to change results

6 Diversion Program Results Population Participation Recovery at Source Recovery at Processing Facility Diversion is a function of these variables: 90% Participation x 80% Recovery at Source x 95% Recovery at Processing Facilities = 68% Recovery Rate

7 Waste Audits Reviewed Today Single-Family Curbside Multi-Family Curbside Single-Family Bulky Items Transfer Station Self Haul

8 Conducting a Waste Audit Six steps: 1. Audit Design 2. Sample Selection 3. Waste Collection & Sub-Sampling 4. Waste Sorting 5. Waste Audit Results & Analysis 6. Waste Audit Report or Summary

9 Audit Design Three key questions 1. What are the objectives? 2. How accurate do the results need to be? 3. How will the waste audit be conducted?

10 Sample Selection Sample selection is crucial to providing meaningful data that is representative of the population. Therefore sample selection should be: representative of the population and randomly selected (i.e. equal chance of selection and unbiased).

11 Audit Design/Sample Selection Single Family Curbside Green Bin, Recycling and Residual Waste Streams 4 consecutive weeks, 4 weeks generation Waste Audit 4 Groups of 20 households 1 Sample of 80 households Participation Audit 4 Groups of 100 households 1 Sample of 400 households Multi-Family Curbside Recycling and Residual Waste Streams 4 seasonal audits, 4 weeks generation 4 building types and groups 1 sample of ten buildings 1. Condominiums less than 100 units 2. Condominiums greater than 100 units 3. Rental less than 100 units 4. Rental greater than 100 units

12 Audit Design/Sample Selection Single-family Bulky Items 4 consecutive weeks, 4 weeks generation 8 collection routes, each collection route is roughly 800 households 1 Sample of +/- 6,000 households Transfer Station Self Haul 4 consecutive weeks Systematic Sample Every 20 th vehicle was selected until two 20 cubic yard roll off bins were full

13 Waste Collection Single-family and multi-family curbside Single-family Multi-family

14 Waste Collection Multi Family Sub-Sampling Entire Load 100 kg Sub-Sample

15 Waste Collection Single-family Bulky Items and Transfer Station Self Haul Bulky Items Transfer Station

16 Waste Sorting Curbside single-family and multi-family Stewardship Ontario s experience demonstrates that a four person audit team can sort 100kg of waste per hour Waste sort areas at Ingram and Scarborough Transfer Stations

17 Waste Sorting Single-family Bulky Items Potentially Recyclable Potentially Reusable Determined by Charities Sorted by potential diversion stream Potentially suitable for Disassembly

18 Waste Sorting Transfer Station Self Haul Four major material categories: 1. Consumable Goods (disposable goods, food waste) 2. Construction and Renovation Materials (wood, roofing material, drywall) 3. Durable Goods (furniture, electronics, textiles) 4. Other Waste

19 Results Single-Family Curbside Waste Audit Results - Estimated Acutal 3 Etobicoke NorthYork Combined kg/hhld/yr or % kg/hhld/yr or % kg/hhld/yr or % Annual Generation 1 Recycling Green Bin Residual Waste Total Generation Diversion Rates 2 (% by weight diverted from landfill) Green Bin 26% 29% 28% 19% Recycling 33% 32% 33% 29% Total Diversion 59% 61% 61% 47% Contamination Rates (% by weight contamination of REC or GB stream) Contamination Green Bin 5% 6% 8% Contamination Recycling 7% 5% 6% Recovery Rates (% of material recovered) Green Bin 72% 72% 72% Recycling 85% 83% 84% 2006 Collected kg/hhld/yr or % We can choose 80 homes anywhere in the City and get similar results. 1. As set out at curbside 2. Waste audit calculations do not account for process residue 3. Weigh scale records for 2006 for green bin, recycling and residual waste.

20 Results Single-family Curbside Residual Waste Composition Specified Green Bin - 30% Specified Yard Waste - 3% Residual Waste 50% Paper - 2% Plastic - 18% Metal - 3% Glass - 1% HSW 1% Other - 25% Specified Recyclable - 17% Residual Waste Composition kg/hhld/yr Specified Yard Waste 11 Specified Green Bin 90 Specified Recyclable 50 Residual Waste 152 Total 302

21 Results Multi-Family Waste Audit Results - Estimated Actual 3 TO Scarb Combined (downtown) kg/unit/yr or % kg/unit/yr or % kg/unit/yr or % Annual Generation 1 Recycling Residual Waste Total Generation Diversion Rates 2 (% by weight diverted from landfill) Diversion Rate 16% 14% 15% Contamination Rate (% by weight in REC stream) Contamination 12% 6% 8% Recovery Rates Recycling 43% 43% 43% 2006 Collected kg/unit/yr or % % 1. Waste audits as set out at curbside 2. Waste audit calculations do not account for process residue 3. Weigh scale records for 2006 for green bin, recycling and residual waste.

22 Results Multi-family Residual Waste Composition Or gani c - 43% Paper - 3% Resi dual Waste 32% Plastic - 8% Metal - 1% Glass - 1% Speci f i ed Yar d Waste - 1% Speci f i ed Recycl abl e - 24% HSW - <1% Other - 18% Residual Waste Composition kg/unit/yr Organic 196 Specified Yard Waste 5 Specified Recyclable 107 Residual Waste 143 Total 451

23 Results Multi-family Green Bin Pilot Estimated Organic Generation 206 kg/unit/yr 103,000 tonnes per year available Multi-family Green Bin Pilot Results 52 kg/unit/yr collected 26,000 tonnes per year 25% Recovery Rate

24 Results Single-family and Multi-family Recycling Plastic Film and Polystyrene Forecasted Recovery Plastic Film kg/hhld/yr Polystyrene tpy kg/hhld/yr tpy Single-family 6.7 3, Multi-family 4.4 2, Total Diversion 11 5, ,184 Diversion increase of 0.7% Assumptions 50% of plastic film and polystyrene is targeted materials 70% recovery rate for single-family households 50% recovery rate for multi-family units

25 Results Single-family Bulky Items Study Potentially suitable for Disassembly, 33% Potentially Recyclable, 56% Electronics & Computers, 7% Metal, 3% Carpet & Carpet Padding, 8% Plastic, 3% Ceramic, 3% Wood, 32% Garbage & Other Materials, 3% Potentially Reusable, 8% Estimated Generation 15,500 to 20,100 tpy

26 Results Single-family Bulky Items Study Wood 31% Treated = 11% Residual Composite = 18% Clean = 2% Estimated Annual Generation: 5,000 to 7,000 tonnes

27 Results Single-family Bulky Items Study Potentially Suitable for Disassembly

28 Results Transfer Station Self Haul Specified Materials 13% Roofing Material - 5% Other - 32% Glass Durables - 2% Plastic Packaging - 2% Plastic Durables - 4% Carpets & Carpet Padding - 2% Ceramics - 1% Wood - 40% 2006 Generation: 100,000 tonnes

29 Conclusions Materials targeted for the City s Recycling and Green Bin programs are in the residual waste stream. Residual waste includes other potentially recyclable materials but composition is complex and separation is difficult.

30 Conclusions Diversion initiatives for the Transfer Station Self Haul and the Bulky Items stream should be considered in parallel as Reuse Centres are developed. Market development is required for: Wood Waste Carpets and carpet padding Durable (oversized and rigid) plastics Ceramics (toilets, sinks and tiles) Roofing materials

31 Conclusions Potential for reuse of durable goods is minor, charities have constraints. Higher disassembly potential for mattresses, box springs and nonpadded chairs due to: practicable time requirements; and, component materials consisting of high proportions of clean wood and/or metal.