CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1 STUDY BACKGROUND... 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... 1 INTENDED AUDIENCE... 1 SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT... 2 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES... 2 ANALYST CREDENTIALS... 3 RELATED BCC REPORTS... 3 BCC ONLINE SERVICES... 4 DISCLAIMER... 4 CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY... 5 SUMMARY TABLE MARKET FOR MICROSCOPES, ACCESSORIES, AND SUPPLIES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 5 SUMMARY FIGURE MARKET FOR MICROSCOPES, ACCESSORIES, AND SUPPLIES, 2010-2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 5 SUMMARY (CONTINUED)... 6 CHAPTER THREE: MICROSCOPY OVERVIEW... 7 GENERAL DESCRIPTION... 7 DEFINITIONS... 7 Charged Particle... 7 Compound Microscope... 7 Confocal Microscope... 7 Depth of Field... 7 Dispersion... 8 Eyepiece... 8 Inverted Microscope... 8 Immersion Media... 8 Lens... 8 FIGURE 1 MAGNIFYING LENS PRINCIPLES... 9 Magnification... 9 Nanoscale... 9 Near Field... 10 Numerical Aperture... 10 Objective... 10 Phase Shift... 10 FIGURE 2 LIGHT WAVE PHASES... 11 Polarization... 12 FIGURE 3 POLARIZATION... 12 Reflected Light Microscopes... 12 Reflecting Microscope... 12 Refraction... 13 FIGURE 4 REFRACTION... 13
Resolution... 14 Scanning Probe... 14 Stereoscopic... 14 Tunneling Current... 14 Wavelength... 15 FIGURE 5 LIGHT WAVE... 15 FIGURE 6 WAVELENGTHS USED IN OPTICAL MICOSOCOPY (NM)... 16 BRIEF HISTORY OF MICROSCOPY... 16 Brief History of Microscopy (Continued)... 17 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES... 18 OPTICAL MICROSCOPES... 18 Description and Applications... 18 TABLE 1 TYPES AND MAIN APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL MICROSCOPES... 19 Upright (Compound) Microscopes... 19 Binocular Stereomicroscopes... 20 Polarizing Microscopes... 20 Metallographic Microscopes... 20 Reflecting Microscopes... 21 FIGURE 7 REFLECTING MICROSCOPE... 22 Phase Contrast Microscopes... 22 FIGURE 8 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF A PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE... 23 Fluorescence Microscope... 24 FIGURE 9 FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY PRINCIPLES... 24 FIGURE 10 FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE LAYOUT... 25 Confocal Microscopes... 26 Confocal Microscopes (Continued)... 27 FIGURE 11 PRINCIPLES OF CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY... 28 Confocal Microscopes (Continued)... 29 Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopes... 30 FIGURE 12 SCANNING NEAR FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPE PRINCIPLES... 31 Inverted Microscopes... 31 Other Types of Optical Microscope... 32 Advanced Confocal Microscopy... 32 Phase-Sensitive Scatter-Field Optical Imaging... 33 Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy... 33 Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy... 33 Structured Illumination Microscopy... 34 Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy... 34 Super Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy... 34 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy... 35
Simultaneous Light Scattering Microscopy... 35 4Pi Microscopy... 35 Patent Analysis... 35 Technologies... 36 TABLE 2 U.S. OPTICAL MICROSCOPY PATENTS AS OF JUNE 15, 2011 (NUMBER OF PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY)... 36 FIGURE 13 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY PATENTS, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, AS OF JUNE 15, 2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS)... 37 Trends Over Time... 37 TABLE 3 OPTICAL MICROSOCOPY PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2010 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)... 38 FIGURE 14 OPTICAL MICROSOCOPY PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2010 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)... 38 Patent Holders... 39 TABLE 4 MAJOR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS (NUMBER/%)... 39 FIGURE 15 MAJOR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS (%)... 40 TABLE 5 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (NUMBER OF PATENTS)... 40 FIGURE 16 MAJOR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL PATENTS)... 41 Manufacturers... 41 TABLE 6 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE MANUFACTURERS... 42 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPES... 43 Description and Applications... 43 TABLE 7 TYPES AND PRIMARY APPLICATIONS OF CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPES... 44 Transmission Electron Microscopes... 44 Transmission (Continued)... 45 FIGURE 17 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE... 46 Scanning Electron Microscopes... 47 FIGURE 18 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE... 48 FIGURE 19 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SAMPLE INTERACTION... 49 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope... 50 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes... 50 Field Ion Microscopes... 51 Electron Probe Microanalyzer... 51 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopes... 52 High Voltage Electron Microscopes... 52 Focused Ion Beam Microscopes... 53
Reflection Electron Microscope... 54 Low Energy Electron Microscopy... 54 Photoelectron Emission Microscope... 54 Patent Analysis... 55 Technologies... 55 FIGURE 20 U.S. CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPY PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH JUNE 15, 2011 (PERCENT OF U.S. PATENTS ISSUED)... 56 TABLE 8 U.S. CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPY PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH JUNE 15, 2011 (NUMBER AND PERCENT OF U.S. PATENTS)... 56 Trends Over Time... 57 TABLE 9 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSOCOPY PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2010 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)... 57 FIGURE 21 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPY PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2010 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)... 57 FIGURE 21 (CONTINUED)... 58 Patent Holders... 58 TABLE 10 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS, THROUGH JUNE 15, 2011 (NUMBER OF PATENTS ISSUED)... 58.FIGURE 22 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPE PATENT HOLDERS, THROUGH JUNE 15, 2011 (% OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)... 59 FIGURE 23 MAJOR CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS)... 60 TABLE 11 MAJOR CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (NUMBER OF PATENTS)... 61 Manufacturers... 61 TABLE 12 CHARGED-PARTICLE MICROSCOPE MANUFACTURERS... 62 SCANNING-PROBE MICROSCOPES... 62 Description and Applications... 62 FIGURE 24 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE... 63 TABLE 13 TYPES AND PRIMARY APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPES... 64 Scanning Tunneling Microscopes... 65 Atomic Force Microscopes... 65 FIGURE 25 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE PROBE... 66 Other Types of Scanning Probe Microscope... 67 Magnetic Force Microscopes... 68 Electric Force Microscopes... 68 Scanning Thermal Microscopy... 69
Patent Analysis... 69 Technologies... 70 TABLE 14 U.S. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY PATENTS... 70 FIGURE 26 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY PATENTS, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, AS OF JUNE 15, 2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS)... 70 Trends Over Time... 71 TABLE 15 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2010 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)... 71 FIGURE 27 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2010 (NUMBER OF PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY)... 71 Patent Holders... 72 TABLE 16 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS AND APPLICANTS... 72 FIGURE 28 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE PATENT HOLDERS, THROUGH JUNE 15, 2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL U.S. PATENTS ISSUED)... 73 TABLE 17 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY PATENT HOLDERS, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (NUMBER OF PATENTS)... 74 FIGURE 29 MAJOR SPM PATENT HOLDERS, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS)... 74 FIGURE 29 (CONTINUED)... 75 Manufacturers... 75 TABLE 18 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE MANUFACTURERS... 75 ACCESSORIES AND SUPPLIES... 76 Description and Applications... 76 TABLE 19 MICROSCOPE ACCESSORIES AND THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS... 76 Photomicroscopy Equipment... 76 Illumination Systems... 77 Microscope Stages and Accessories... 77 Eyepieces... 78 Objectives... 78 Scanning Probes... 78 Consumables... 79 Patent Analysis... 79 Accessory Types... 79 TABLE 20 U.S. MICROSCOPE ACCESSORY PATENTS... 80 FIGURE 30 U.S. MICROSCOPE ACCESSORY PATENTS, BY ACCESSORY TYPE, AS OF JUNE 15, 2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)... 80
TABLE 21 MICROSCOPE ACCESSORY PATENT HOLDERS AND APPLICANTS, THROUGH JUNE 15, 2011... 81 FIGURE 31 MICROSCOPE ACCESSORY PATENT HOLDERS, THROUGH JUNE 15, 2015 (PERCENT OF PATENTS ISSUED)... 81 Manufacturers... 82 TABLE 22 MICROSCOPE ACCESSORY MANUFACTURERS... 82 END USERS... 82 TABLE 23 MICROSCOPE END-USER INDUSTRIES... 83 SEMICONDUCTORS... 83 Optical Microscopes... 84 Charged Particle Microscopes... 84 Scanning Probe Microscopes... 85 PHOTOVOLTAICS... 85 LIFE SCIENCES... 86 TABLE 24 GLOBAL LIFE SCIENCES SALES, 2010 ($ BILLIONS)... 86 Optical Microscopes... 86 Charged Particle Microscopes... 87 MATERIALS SCIENCE... 88 FIGURE 32 MATERIALS SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS, MAJOR MARKET SEGMENTS, 2010 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SALES)... 89 Optical Microscopes... 89 Charged Particle Microscopes... 90 Scanning Probe Microscopes... 91 NANOTECHNOLOGY... 91 Charged Particle Microscopes... 92 Scanning Probe Microscopes... 92 OTHER END USERS... 92 Education... 92 Optical Microscopes... 93 Other Types of Microscopes... 93 Environmental Science... 93 Optical Microscopes... 93 Charged Particle Microscope... 93 Forensics... 93 Optical Microscopes... 94 Charged Particle Microscopes... 94 Food Processing... 95 Optical Microscopes... 95 Charged Particle Microscopes... 95 CHAPTER FOUR: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROSCOPES AND ACCESSORIES 2010 TO 2016... 96 OVERALL MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION... 96
FIGURE 33 TRENDS IN GLOBAL SALES OF MICROSCOPES AND ACCESSORIES/ SUPPLIES, 2010-2016 (ANNUAL SALES, $ MILLIONS)... 96 DETAILED MARKET ANALYSIS AND PROJECTIONS... 97 MARKET BY TYPE OF INSTRUMENT... 97 TABLE 25 PROJECTED GLOBAL MICROSCOPE SALES BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLION)... 97 FIGURE 34 MICROSCOPY MAJOR MARKET SEGMENTS, 2010 VERSUS 2016 (%)... 98 Optical Microscopes... 99 Optical Microscope Market Size and Segmentation... 99 TABLE 26 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE SALES, 2010 ($ MILLIONS/%)... 100 FIGURE 35 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE MARKET SEGMENTATION, 2010 (% OF TOTAL OPTICAL MICROSCOPE SALES)... 100 Market Drivers... 100 Spending on Educational Equipment... 101 TABLE 27 U.S. EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURES, 2002-2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 101 FIGURE 36 TRENDS IN U.S. EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURES, 2002-2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 102 Trends in Infrared Spectroscopy... 102 TABLE 28 GLOBAL MOLECULAR SPECTROMETRY SALES, THROUGH 2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 103 Life Sciences R&D and Healthcare Spending... 103 TABLE 29 LIFE SCIENCES R&D SPENDING, THROUGH 2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 104 FIGURE 37 TRENDS IN LIFE SCIENCES R&D SPENDING, 2010-2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 104 Materials Science Instrument Spending... 104 TABLE 30 GLOBAL SPENDING ON MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION INSTRUMENTS, THROUGH 2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 105 FIGURE 38 MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION INSTRUMENT SALES TRENDS, 2010-2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 105 Technology Shift Away From Compound Optical Microscopy... 105 Future Market for Optical Microscopes... 106 TABLE 31 PROJECTED SALES OF OPTICAL MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 106 TABLE 32 PROJECTED GROWTH RATE OF MARKET FOR STEREOSCOPIC MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 (PERCENT CAGR)... 107
TABLE 33 PROJECTED GROWTH RATE OF MARKET FOR SCANNING NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 (PERCENT CAGR)... 108 FIGURE 39 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE MARKET SEGMENTATION, 2016 (%)... 108 FIGURE 39 (CONTINUED)... 109 Charged Particle Microscopes... 109 Charged Particle Microscope Market Size and Segmentation... 109 TABLE 34 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPE SALES, 2010 ($ MILLIONS/%)... 110 FIGURE 40 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPE MARKET SEGMENTS, 2010 (%)... 110 Market Drivers... 110 Semiconductor Industry Investment Trends... 111 FIGURE 41 MARKETS FOR SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPES, 2010 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SEM SALES)... 111 TABLE 35 SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY CAPITAL EQUIPMENT SPENDING PROJECTIONS, THROUGH 2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 112 FIGURE 42 PROJECTED GROWTH IN SEMICONDUCTOR CAPITAL EQUIPMENT SPENDING, 2010-2016 ($ BILLIONS)... 113 Technology Shifts... 113 FIGURE 43 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPE SALES GROWTH VERSUS GROWTH IN MAJOR UNDERLYING MARKETS, 2003-2008 (%)... 114 Future Market for Charged Particle Microscopes... 115 TABLE 36 PROJECTED SALES OF CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 115 TABLE 37 PROJECTED GROWTH RATE OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SALES TO THE LIFE AND MATERIALS SCIENCES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 116 FIGURE 44 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPE MARKET SEGMENTS, 2016 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SALES)... 117 Scanning Probe Microscopes... 118 Scanning Probe Microscope Market Size and Segmentation... 118 FIGURE 45 SPM MARKET PRODUCT SEGMENTS, 2010 (%)... 119 Market Drivers... 119 Trends in Nanoscale Applications... 120 Technology Shifts... 120 Future Market for Scanning Probe Microscopes... 120 TABLE 38 PROJECTED SALES OF SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 121
FIGURE 46 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE MARKET SEGMENTS, 2016 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SALES)... 121 Accessories and Supplies... 122 Market Size and Segmentation... 122 TABLE 39 SALES OF MICROSCOPE ACCESSORIES AND CONSUMABLES, 2010 ($ MILLIONS/%)... 122 FIGURE 47 MICROSCOPE ACCESSORIES AND SUPPLIES MARKET SEGMENTATION, 2010 (%)... 123 Market Drivers... 123 Number of Microscopes in Use Worldwide... 123 TABLE 40 NUMBER OF MICROSCOPES IN USE WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION UNITS)... 124 FIGURE 48 TRENDS IN NUMBER OF MICROSCOPES IN USE WORLDWIDE, 2010-2016 (MILLION UNITS)... 124 Future Markets for Microscope Accessories and Supplies... 125 TABLE 41 PROJECTED SALES OF MICROSCOPE ACCESSORIES AND SUPPLIES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 125 MARKETS BY END-USER SEGMENT... 125 Optical Microscopes... 125 FIGURE 49 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE MARKET SHARES, BY END- USER SEGMENT, 2010 VERSUS 2016 (%)... 126 TABLE 42 END-USER MARKETS FOR OPTICAL MICROSCOPES THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 127 Charged Particle Microscopes... 127 TABLE 43 END-USER MARKETS FOR CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 127 FIGURE 50 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPE MARKET SHARES BY END-USER SEGMENT, 2010 VERSUS 2016 (%)... 128 Scanning Probe Microscopes... 129 All Types of Microscopes... 129 TABLE 44 END-USER MARKETS FOR ALL TYPES OF MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 129 FIGURE 51 MICROSCOPE MARKET SHARES BY END-USER SEGMENT, 2010 VERSUS 2016 (%)... 130 GEOGRAPHICAL MARKETS... 131 Optical Microscopes... 131 TABLE 45 GEOGRAPHICAL MARKETS FOR OPTICAL MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 131 FIGURE 52 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE GEOGRAPHICAL MARKET SHARES 2010 VERSUS 2016 (PERCENTAGE OF GLOBAL SALES)... 132 Charged Particle Microscopes... 133 TABLE 46 GEOGRAPHICAL MARKETS FOR CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 133
FIGURE 53 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPE GEOGRAPHICAL MARKET SHARES, 2010 VERSUS 2016 (PERCENTAGE OF GLOBAL SALES)... 134 Scanning Probe Microscopes... 135 TABLE 47 GEOGRAPHICAL MARKETS FOR SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPES 2010 THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)... 135 FIGURE 54 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE GEOGRAPHICAL MARKET SHARES, 2010 VERSUS 2016 (PERCENTAGE OF GLOBAL SALES)... 136 All Types of Microscopes... 137 TABLE 48 GEOGRAPHICAL MARKETS FOR ALL TYPES OF MICROSCOPES THROUGH 2016... 137 FIGURE 55 MICROSCOPE MARKET SHARES BY END-USER SEGMENT 2010 VERSUS 2016 (%)... 138 CHAPTER FIVE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE... 139 MARKET SHARES... 139 OPTICAL MICROSCOPES... 139 FIGURE 56 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY MARKET SHARES, 2010 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SALES, BY VALUE)... 139 FIGURE 56 (CONTINUED)... 140 CHARGED PARTICLE MICROSCOPES... 140 Electron Microscopes... 140 FIGURE 57 ESTIMATED ELECTRON MICROSCOPE MARKET SHARES, 2010 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SALES BY VALUE)... 140 FIGURE 57 (CONTINUED)... 141 Focused Ion Beam Microscopes... 141 FIGURE 58 FOCUSED ION BEAM MICROSCOPE MARKET SHARES, 2010 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SALES, BY VALUE)... 141 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPES... 142 FIGURE 59 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE MARKET SHARES, 2010 (ESTIMATED PERCENT OF TOTAL SALES, BY VALUE)... 142 OWNERSHIP TRENDS... 142 OWNERSHIP TRENDS (CONTINUED)... 143 OWNERSHIP TRENDS (CONTINUED)... 144 CHAPTER SIX: COMPANY PROFILES... 145 APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.... 145 BRUKER AXS... 145 BRUKER OPTICS INC.... 145 BUEHLER INC.... 146 CAMECA SA... 146 DANISH MICRO ENGINEERING A/S... 146 FEI COMPANY... 146 GATAN, INC.... 147
HITACHI HIGH TECHNOLOGIES CORP.... 147 JASCO INTERNATIONAL CO. LTD.... 148 JEOL LTD.... 148 LEICA MICROSYSTEMS AG... 149 MIS INC.... 149 NANONICS IMAGING LTD.... 149 NANOSURF AG... 150 NIKON CORP.... 150 NT-MDT CO.... 150 OBDUCAT-CAMSCAN LTD.... 151 OLYMPUS CORPORATION... 151 OMICRON NANOTECHNOLOGY GMB... 151 PERKIN ELMER, INC.... 151 PARK SYSTEMS CORP.... 152 QUESANT INSTRUMENT CORPORATION... 152 QUESTAR CORP.... 152 SCHOTT NORTH AMERICA INC.... 152 SHIMADZU CORP.... 153 SII NANOTECHNOLOGY INC.... 153 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.... 153 VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.... 154 WITEC WISSENSCHAFTLICHE INSTRUMENTE UND TECHNOLOGIE GMBH... 154 CARL ZEISS NTS GMBH... 154