Physics 30 Worksheet # 14: Michelson Experiment

Transcription

1 Physics 30 Worksheet # 14: Michelson Experiment 1. The speed of light found by a Michelson experiment was found to be 2.90 x 10 8 m/s. If the two hills were 20.0 km apart, what was the frequency of the rotating mirror? 2. Michelson used an eight sided mirror to measure the speed of light. If the mirror was rotating at 1.87 x 10 6 revolutions per hour and the two hills were 35.0 km apart, what did Michelson determine the speed of light to be? 3. What is the frequency of rotation of a six sided mirror if it is used in a Michelson experiment if the hills are 30.0 km apart and the speed of light is found to be 3.10 x 10 8 m/s? B. Dickie 1

2 Physics 30 Worksheet # 15: EMR Speed 1. A radio wave travels across the city of Calgary, a distance of 40.0 km. How long does this take? 2. How far does a flashlight beam travel in seconds? 3. The frequency of red light is 6.00 x Hz. What is the wavelength of red light? 4. A beam of light reflects off of a mirror 25.0 m away. How long does it take, from the time the flashlight is turned on, for the light to return to its source? 5. A radio wave of frequency 3.00 x 10 8 Hz travels from ground level a distance of 50.0 m, reflects off of the metal roof of a building at an angle of , then returns to ground level. How long does this take? What is the wavelength of the radio wave? B. Dickie 2

3 Physics 30 Worksheet #16: Curved Mirrors 1. A 5.00 cm tall object is placed 10.0 cm in front of a converging mirror that has a focal length of 8.00 cm. Calculate the image distance, the image height, and the magnification. Determine the attributes (characteristics) of the image. 2. A 7.00 cm tall object is placed 4.00 cm in front of a diverging mirror that has a focal length of 8.00 cm. Calculate the image distance, the image height, and the magnification of the image. Determine the attributes (characteristics) of the image. 3. An object is placed 8.0 cm in front of a diverging mirror that has a radius of curvature of 8.0 cm. Calculate the magnification of the object. 4. A store owner uses a diverging mirror with a radius of curvature of 1.00 m to keep an eye on shoplifters. How tall would the image of the 1.80 m tall man be if he were standing 5.00 m in front of the mirror. B. Dickie 3

4 5. The inverted, real image of a 6.00 cm tall candle object is found to twice as tall as the actual candle. The candle is 15.0 cm from the mirror of focal length 10.0 cm. Calculate the image height and the image distance. Determine the attributes (characteristics) of the image. 6. A 5.00 cm tall object produces an image that is 7.00 cm behind the mirror. The radius of curvature of the mirror is 10.0 cm. Calculate the magnification of the mirror. Determine the type of mirror that is used. 7. A 3.0 cm tall object produces a virtual image that is 2.0 cm tall. The distance from the mirror to the image is 2.50 cm. Calculate the focal length of the mirror. Determine the type of mirror used. B. Dickie 4

5 Physics 30 Worksheet #17: Refraction Use the following table to answer the questions on this worksheet. 1. Calculate the speed of light in crown glass. (Pearson Physics, Ackroyd et al, 2009) 2. Calculate the speed of light in diamond. 3. A ray of light passes from air into water. Determine the speed of the light in the water. 4. When light passes from crown glass into air, it refracts at an angle of Calculate the angle at which the light struck the crown glass-air boundary. B. Dickie 5

6 5. Light passes from air into diamond at an angle of Calculate the angle at which the leaves the air-diamond boundary. 6. When light passes from water into quartz glass, it refracts at an angle of Calculate the angle of incidence. 7. Determine the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in ruby. 8. Determine the ratio of the speed of light in crown glass to the speed of light in quartz glass. 9. Determine the critical angle for crown glass. 10. Determine the critical angle for zircon. 11. Determine the critical angle for diamond. B. Dickie 6

7 Physics 30 Worksheet #18: Curved Lenses 1. A 12.0 cm tall object is places 15.0 cm in front of a converging lens that has a focal length of 10.0 cm. Determine the image distance, the image height, the magnification, and the attributes of the image. 2. A 12.0 cm tall object is places 15.0 cm in front of a diverging lens that has a focal length of 10.0 cm. Determine the image distance, the image height, the magnification, and the attributes of the image. 3. The image created from a 10.0 cm tall upright object placed 5.00 cm from a lens is 4.00 cm tall and upright. Determine the magnification, the image distance, the focal length of the lens, the attributes of the image, and the type of lens used. 4. A 20.0 cm tall inverted real image is formed 10.0 cm from a lens. The object is 8.00 cm tall and upright. Determine the object distance, the magnification, the focal length, the attributes of the image, and the type of lens used. B. Dickie 7

8 Physics 30 Worksheet #19: Interference of Light 1. Two slits in a Young s double slit experiment are 2.00 x 10-5 m apart. The distance between the third order maximum and the fourth order maximum is 3.00 x 10-2 m, and the screen is 165 cm from the slits. Calculate the wavelength of the light used. 2. The distance between the first order maximum and the 3 rd order minimum is 6.17 x 10-2 m. The screen is 1.00 m from the slits. Calculate the wavelength of the light. 3. How far apart are the slits of a diffraction grating if the 3 rd order maximum is seen to be from the central maximum when using light of wavelength 630 nm? 4. Light of wavelength 530 nm is shone on two slits. Calculate the distance between the slits if the angle from the central maximum to the second order minimum is Light with a frequency of 5.50 x Hz is shone on a diffraction grating that is scored with 6000 lines/m. Calculate the distance between the second order maximum and the fourth order maximum. B. Dickie 8

9 6. Light with a frequency of 6.00 x Hz is shone on a diffraction grating that is scored with 5000 lines/m. Calculate the distance between the second order maximum and the fourth order minimum. 7. Light with a frequency of 5.00 x Hz is shone on a diffraction grating that is scored with 60 lines/cm. Calculate the distance between the second order maximum and the fifth order minimum. 8. Calculate the number of lines/m that a diffraction grating possesses if the second order minimum occurs at an angle of when light of 525 nm is used. Calculate the number of lines/cm used. 9. White light is directed on a diffraction grating ruled with 5.00 x 10 4 lines/m How wide is the first order spectrum on a screen that is 1.20 m away from the grating? B. Dickie 9

10 Physics 30 Worksheet #20: Photoelectric Effect 1. Calculate the energy range of visible light, which has a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm. 2. What is the wavelength and frequency of a 92.1 MHz photon? 3. Calculate the threshold frequency of a metal whose work function is 4.00 x J. 4. Calculate the threshold frequency of a metal whose work function is 2.00 ev. 5. The work function of a particular metal is 3.00 ev. Will visible light of frequency 8.0 x Hz cause photoelectrons to be emitted? 6. The work function of a particular metal is 2.50 ev. Will visible light of wavelength 5.50 x 10 7 m cause photoelectrons to be emitted? 7. Calculate the stopping voltage of a photoelectron that has a speed of 5.00 x 10 5 m/s. B. Dickie 10

11 8. Calculate the maximum photoelectron kinetic energy of electrons emitted from metal whose work function is 2.50 ev, when the metal is illuminated by visible light of wavelength 700 nm. 9. Calculate the maximum photoelectron kinetic energy of electrons emitted from metal whose work function is 3.00 ev, when the metal is illuminated by visible light of wavelength 400 nm to 700 nm. 10. Calculate the maximum speed of a photoelectron emitted from a metal whose work function is 2.00 ev, when the metal is illuminated by light of frequency 2.50 x Hz. 11. Calculate the maximum speed of a photoelectron emitted from a metal whose threshold frequency is 2.00 x Hz, when the metal is illuminated by light of frequency 2.50 x Hz. 12. When 230 nm light falls on a metal, the current through a photoelectric circuit is brought to zero at a reverse voltage of 1.64 V. Calculate the work function of the metal. 13. When 230 nm light falls on a metal, the current through a photoelectric circuit is brought to zero at a reverse voltage of 1.64 V. Calculate the threshold frequency of the metal. B. Dickie 11

12 14. In a photoelectric experiment it is observed that no current flows unless the wavelength is less than 570 nm. Calculate the work function of the metal. 15. In a photoelectric experiment it is observed that no current flows unless the wavelength is less than 570 nm. Calculate the threshold frequency of the metal. B. Dickie 12

13 Physics 30 Worksheet #21: Compton Effect 1. Calculate the momentum of a photon whose wavelength is 2.50 x 20-7 m. 2. Calculate the momentum of a photon whose frequency is 5.00 x Hz. 3. Calculate the wavelength of a photon whose momentum is 5.00 x kg.m/s. 4. Calculate the frequency of a photon whose momentum is 2.50 x kg.m/s. 5. Calculate the energy of a photon whose momentum is 2.50 x kg.m/s. 6. What is the wavelength of a photon whose energy is 6.00 x kg.m/s? 7. What is the frequency of a photon whose energy is 5.00 MeV? 8. What is the speed of a photon whose energy is 3.00 MeV? 9. Calculate the momentum of an alpha particle whose energy is 3.00 MeV. B. Dickie 13

14 10. An x-ray of wavelength strikes a surface and is scattered at an angle of Calculate the change in wavelength of the scattered s-ray. 11. An x-ray of wavelength strikes a surface and is scattered at an angle of Calculate the final wavelength of the scattered s-ray. 12. An x-ray of frequency 5.0 x Hz strikes a surface and is scattered at an angle of Calculate the final wavelength of the scattered x-ray. 13. An x-ray of frequency 5.0 x Hz strikes a surface and is scattered at an angle of Calculate the final frequency of the scattered x-ray. B. Dickie 14

15 Diploma Exam Review Questions (EMR) 97. Electromagnetic radiation is produced by charged particles that are moving A. at the speed of light B. with zero acceleration C. with a changing velocity D. parallel to a fixed magnetic field 98. Gamma radiation can be produced by A. radioactive decay B. incandescent solids C. moving charges in a conductor D. the acceleration of electrons in a television picture tube 99. Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum listed in order from largest to smallest wavelength are A. X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio B. X-ray, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, radio C. radio, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, X-ray D. radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray Use the following information to answer the next question When the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum listed above are arranged order of increasing wavelength, this order is A. III, I, V, II, IV B. II, I, V, IV, III C. III, IV, V, I, II D. IV, V, III, I, II 101. X-rays are produced by A. an alternating current of about Hz B. firing gamma rays at a tungsten electrode C. varying the speed of electrons in a magnetic field D. collisions between high-speed electrons and a metal target B. Dickie 15

16 Use the following information to answer the next question Match each of the sources of electromagnetic radiation with the type of electromagnetic radiation it produces given below. Use each number only once. (Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) 103. Which of the following types of radiation has the longest period? A. Radio waves B. Infrared light C. Ultraviolet light D. Gamma radiation Use the following information to answer the next question The wire mesh layer is necessary because the A. cable needs a rigid reinforcing layer B. electric force inside a conductor is not zero C. electrical signals need to be shielded from strong magnetic and electric fields D. electrical signals will travel better if they have two different transmitting wires 105. Maxwell s work contained the new idea that A. an electric current in a wire produces a magnetic field that circles the wire B. a current is induced in a conductor that moves across a magnetic field C. an electric field that changes with time generates a magnetic field D. two parallel, current-carrying wires exert a force on each other B. Dickie 16

17 Photon Theory 106. The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) telescope began operation in August It detects electromagnetic radiation in the range of 1.0 x 10 2 ev to 5.0 x 10 2 MeV. The wavelength range measured by this telescope is A. 2.0 x m to 4.0 x m B. 8.0 x m to 1.6 x m C. 1.2 x 10 8 m to 2.5 x m D. 1.2 x m to 2.4 x m Use the following information to answer the next two questions The energy difference between a laser photon and an emitted photon is A J B J C J D J 108. Visible light has frequencies that range between Hz (red) and Hz (violet). Which of the following statements best describes the absorbed laser photon and the emitted photon in the optical cooling experiment? A. Both photons are in the infrared range. B. Both photons are in the ultraviolet range. C. Both photons are in the visible light range. D. One photon is in the visible light range, and one is not in the visible light range. B. Dickie 17

18 Use the following information to answer the next question Green light with a wavelength of 545 nm reaches the observer s eyes. The energy of a photon of this green light is ev. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) Use the following information to answer the next question The mercury atoms emit electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 254 nm. The minimum amount of energy that must be transferred to a mercury atom during excitation to enable this emission, expressed in scientific notation, is b 10 w J. The value of b is. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) Use the following information to answer the next question A photon of gamma radiation emitted by the radioactive decay of technetium-99 has an energy of 3.85 MeV. This radiation has a wavelength of A m B m C m D m B. Dickie 18

19 Use the following information to answer the next question The difference in energy associated with the photons from the two lines of the helium spectrum is A J B J C J D J 113. The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory is a satellite that is able to detect electromagnetic radiation from throughout the universe. The Compton Observatory can detect photons ranging from ev to ev. The highest frequency that can be detected, expressed in scientific notation, is b 10 w Hz. The value of b is. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) Photoelectric Effect 114. A light source with a wavelength of 548 nm shines on a photocell with a 1.60 ev work function. In order to have an output voltage of 12.0 V DC, the number of photocells that must be linked in series is A. 5 photocells B. 8 photocells C. 10 photocells D. 18 photocells Use the following information to answer the next question. B. Dickie 19

20 115. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons? A x J B x J C x J D x J 116. The work function of a metal with a threshold frequency of Hz, expressed in scientific notation, is a.b 10 cd J. The values of a, b, c, and d are,,, and. (Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) Use the following information to answer the next two questions When light falls on the device at position 1 in the diagram, A. the Compton effect occurs B. the photoelectric effect occurs C. light refraction and diffraction occurs D. light diffraction and interference occurs 118. Night vision devices have a built-in brightness protection circuit to protect both the device and the viewer from unexpected bright light. The circuit is activated when the A. photoelectric current increases B. photoelectric current decreases C. kinetic energy of photoelectrons increases D. kinetic energy of photoelectrons decreases 119. The threshold frequency of light for the emission of photoelectrons from a metal is Hz. If light of frequency Hz shines on the metal, then the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is A J B J C J D J B. Dickie 20

21 Use the following information to answer the next three questions The region of the sound track that will allow the most electrical current to be produced in the phototube is labeled A. I B. II C. III D. IV 121. The energy that is required to remove the electron from the photoelectric surface in the phototube is called the A. work function B. threshold frequency C. electric potential energy D. maximum kinetic energy 122. In one second, photons are incident on the phototube. If each of the photons has a frequency greater than the threshold frequency, then the maximum current to the amplifier, expressed in scientific notation, is a.bc 10 d A. The values of a, b, c, and d are,,, and. (Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) 123. In the photoelectric equation, the symbol W represents the A. energy gain of the target metal B. wavelength of the incident radiation C. maximum wavelength of an emitted electron D. minimum energy required to release an electron from a metal B. Dickie 21

22 124. Violet light striking the negative electrode in a phototube causes a current to flow in the tube. Under the same conditions, another form of light that will always cause a current to flow is A. blue B. green C. infrared D. ultraviolet Compton Effect Use the following information to answer the next two questions The name given to interaction I is A. Lenz s Law B. X-ray production C. the Compton effect D. the de Broglie hypothesis 126. The reason that pair production occurs, rather than the production of a single electron, is that the production of a single electron would violate the Law of Conservation of A. Mass B. Charge C. Energy D. Momentum 127. A photon exhibits properties of a particle because it has A. mass B. momentum C. a constant speed D. a fixed frequency B. Dickie 22

23 Use the following information to answer the next question A photon has a momentum of N.s. The frequency of the photon, expressed in scientific notation, is a.b 10 cd Hz. The values of a, b, c, and d are,,, and. (Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) 129. A result that emerged from Einstein s work is the expression E = pc, where p is the magnitude of the momentum of a photon. The magnitude of the momentum of a ev photon is A kg.m/s B kg.m/s C kg.m/s D kg.m/s 130. The particle nature of X-ray radiation is best demonstrated by the observation that X-rays A. exhibit the Compton effect B. have great penetrating ability C. are diffracted by pure crystals D. are not deflected by magnetic fields de Broglie Waves Use the following information to answer the next question In order for a virus to be detected by an electron microscope, the minimum speed that the electrons must have in the electron microscope, expressed in scientific notation, is b 10 w m/s. The value of b is. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) B. Dickie 23

24 Electromagnetic Radiation Review Questions Use the following information to answer the next two questions The amount of time, in days, that it takes the radio waves detected by the telescope to reach Earth is A days B days C days D days 133. DRAO is located in a basin surrounded by mountains, which shield it from manmade radio waves that interfere with astronomical signals. Manmade radio waves are produced by A. radioactive decay B. electron transitions in atoms C. oscillating charges in a linear antenna D. high speed electrons stopped suddenly by a metal surface Use the following information to answer the next two questions Given the information above, the element that emits the lowest energy photon of visible light is A. strontium B. barium C. copper D. sodium 135. The colours are emitted by electrons that are A. undergoing transitions to higher energy levels B. undergoing transitions to lower energy levels C. oscillating between energy levels D. emitted by the nucleus B. Dickie 24

25 136. A metal has a work function of J. Light with a frequency of Hz is incident on the metal. The stopping voltage is V. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) 137. If a light with a wavelength of m illuminates a metal surface with work function of J, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is A J B J C J D J Use the following information to answer the next three questions The type of light indicated by point P is A. visible B. infrared C. microwave D. ultraviolet 139. The energy of a photon of light indicated by point P is A. 4.1 ev B. 2.3 ev C. 1.7 ev D. 0.0 ev 140. Photons of light, as indicated by point P, bombard the cesium plate. The maximum kinetic energy of an emitted electron is A. 4.1 ev B. 2.3 ev C. 1.7 ev D. 0.0 ev B. Dickie 25

26 141. The Compton experiment was significant in that it demonstrated that photons have A. mass B. momentum C. wave properties D. a speed of m/s Use the following information to answer the next question The concept that explains the collapse of the rabbit fur is A. induction B. grounding C. conduction D. the photoelectric effect B. Dickie 26

27 Use the following information to answer the next question The concept that explains the collapse of the rabbit fur is A. induction B. grounding C. conduction D. the photoelectric effect Use the following information to answer the next question Based on the graph above, Planck s constant has a value of A J.s B J.s C J.s D J.s B. Dickie 27

28 Use the following information to answer the next question The work function of the material emitting the photoelectrons is A J B J C J D. 0.0 J EMR MC Answers 97 C 98 A 99 D 100 C 101 D 111 B 121 A B B A 142 D 103 A D 133 C 143 D 104 C 114 D 124 D 134 A 144 B 105 C 115 C 125 C 135 B 145 B 106 C B C 117 B 127 B 137 B 108 A 118 A D D 129 A 139 A C 130 A 140 B B. Dickie 28

29 B. Dickie 29