HEAD ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

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HEAD ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

IDENTIFY FACTS AND FUNCTIONS OF HEAD ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH 70% ACCURACY. TERMINOLOGY CRANIAL BONES FACIAL BONES TEMPORMANDIBULAR JOINT MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

TERMINOLOGY Anterior - toward the front of the body Posterior - toward the back of the body Superior - uppermost, above or toward the head Inferior - lowermost, below or toward the feet Process - projection or prominence on a bone Tuberosity - a large, rounded process

TERMINOLOGY con t Condyle - part of a bone that forms a joint with another bone Suture - a jagged line where bones articulate and form a joint that does not move External Auditory Meatus - bony passage of the outer ear Foramen - a natural opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

CRANIAL BONES (8) Bones which form a protective covering for the brain

Frontal (1) - bone which forms the forehead, part of the floor of the cranium and most of the roof of the orbits. LETS TAKE A CLOSER LOOK!

Parietal (2) Bones which form most of the roof and upper sides of the skull Joined at the midline by the sagittal suture

Occipital (1) Bone which forms the back and base of the cranium Spinal cord passes through the foramen magnum

Temporal (2) Bones which form the sides and base Enclose each ear and contain the External Auditory Meatus Glenoid Fossa - natural oval depression...

Sphenoid (1) Bone which consists of a body and pairs of greater and lesser wings Forms anterior part of the base of skull

Ethmoid (1) Complex bone containing honeycomb-like spaces Forms part of the floor of the cranium, the orbit, and the nasal cavity.

FACIAL BONES (15) Nasal (2) - bones which join to form the bridge of the nose

Lacrimal (2) Bones which make up part of the orbit at the inner angle Contains the nasolacrimal duct

Vomer (1) - bone which forms the base for the nasal septum

Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) - thin, scroll- like bones which form the lower part of the interior of the nose

Zygoma (2) Forms the prominence of the cheek Forms the lateral wall and floor of the orbit

Palatine (2) Forms the posterior portion of the hard palate and floor of the nose Serves as a link between the... PALATE

Maxillae (2) Form the upper jaw and part of the hard palate Joined at the midline by the maxillary suture

Anatomical landmarks Maxillary suture Maxillary tuberosity - large, rounded area on the outer surface in the area of the Maxillary sinuses - air-filled cavities Maxillary teeth supported in the bony extension of the maxilla...

Mandible Forms the lower jaw Longest and strongest Mandibular teeth contained in the bony extension of the mandible Only moveable bone

Anatomical landmarks Angle of the mandible - area where mandible meets ramus Ramus - upright portion of the mandible Coronoid process - anterior process

Anatomical landmarks (cont) Condyloid process - posterior process Mental foramen - located on the facial surface (left and right sides) Mandibular foramen - located on the lingual surface Retromolar area - portion of the mandible...

Hyoid Bone (1) Horseshoe-shaped shaped bone consisting of a central body with two lateral projections Suspended between the mandible and larynx, where it functions as primary support for the...

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) Consists of the joint between the temporal and the mandible

Glenoid fossa - an oval depression in the temporal bone Articular eminence - a raised portion of the temporal bone Condyloid process - articulates in...

Articular space - area between the capsular ligament and between the surfaces of the Articular disc (AKA: meniscus) A cushion of dense, Disc that divides the articular space between the glenoid fossa and the condyle Capsular ligament - dense,fibrous capsule...

Movements of the TMJ - functions entirely in unison which permits... Hinge action - allows body of mandible to drop downward and backward Gliding action - consists of a gliding movement by the condyle and articular disc forward and downward along the...

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION Muscles used for the purpose of opening and closing the mouth

Temporal Function - raises the mandible and closes the jaw Origin - temporal fossa of the temporal bone Insertion - coronoid process, anterior border of the ramus

Masseter Function - raises the mandible closes the teeth Origin - zygomatic arch Insertion - lateral side of the ramus and the coronoid process

Pterygoid Internal (Medial) Pterygoid Function - closes the jaw Origin - sphenoid bone, palatine bone and the tuberosity of the maxillary bone Insertion - medial surface of the ramus and the angle of the mandible

External (Lateral) Pterygoid Function - aids in opening the mouth Origin - sphenoid bone Insertion - neck of the condyle of the mandible; the articular disc and capsular ligament of the TMJ

Together, the internal and external pterygoids act to protrude the mandible

IDENTIFY FACTS AND FUNCTIONS OF HEAD ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH 70% ACCURACY. TERMINOLOGY CRANIAL BONES FACIAL BONES TEMPORMANDIBULAR JOINT MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

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