Global CO2 Reduction Potential: Approach from Energy Efficiency Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan Toshiyuki SHIRAI
Why is energy efficiency important? Energy efficiency is a domestic energy resource for all countries. - Cost-saving effects - Prompt effect expected through use of prevailing technologies CO2 reduction potential (from 2002 to 2030) - Roughly 60% of reduction is attributable to energy efficiency - More effective in developing countries Energy efficiency Fuel conversion (end-use sector) Renewable energy Atomic energy Fuel conversion (power sector) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 5% 10% 20% 7% 58% 8% 12% 21% 10 % 49% 21% 15% 1% 63% 4% 5% 17% 7% 67% 0% Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2004 World OECD Economies in transition Developing countries 1
Japan has achieved the highest level of energy efficiency Primary energy supply per GDP in 2004 by country 10.0 8.7 8.1 8.0 9.2 6.0 4.0 3.2 3.2 2.0 1.0 1.9 2.0 - Japan EU27 US Canada Korea China India Indonesia Source: IEA Energy Balance 2006 2
Top Runner Program promotes innovation and energy efficiency Energy efficiency standards for domestic appliances and vehicles. Manufacturers obligated to meet the standards. Top Runner Program Target products (Example ) Fuel Efficiency (km/l) 15km/L 13km/L At the time of standard setting 19km/L 18km/L 17km/L 16km/L (Top runner standard) 14km/L (Current standard) Target Fiscal Year 1. Passenger vehicles (*1) 2. Freight vehicles (*1) 3. Air conditioners 4. TV sets (*2) 5. Fluorescent lights 6. Copiers 7. Computers 8. Electric refrigerators *1: Heavy vehicles weighing over 3.5 tons (buses, trucks) were added to the applicable products in April 2006. *2: LCDs and plasma display TVs were added to the applicable products in April 2006. 3
Better energy efficiency realized under the top runner program Efficiency improvement achieved Air Conditioner Efficiency Equipment Air conditioners* Electric refrigerators Gasoline passenger vehicles* Improved efficiency (actual) 67.8% (FY1997-2004) 55.2% (FY1998-2004) 22.8% (FY1995-2005) Improved efficiency (planned) 66.1% 30.5% 23.0% (FT1995-2010) COP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 US EU China Japan Source: The Energy Conservation Center, Japan *Note that the effects of reducing energy consumption are indicated as inverse numbers because COP or fuel economy (km/l) is used as an energy efficiency index 4
Pledge & review by industrial sector: Steady implementation of Voluntary Action Plan Laid down by industrial sector to foster voluntary CO2 reduction. 35 industries such as steel and chemical pledge their targets. Achieved its target for six years in a row since fiscal year 2000. 10 industries have revised their targets to a higher level. Investments and Intensities of Chemical Industry 3,500 3,000 Investments in energy conservation (cumulative amount) Energy intensities(indices) 100 98 100 million yen 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 96 94 92 90 88 Energy intensities(indices) 500 86 0 84 1990 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: Compiled by the Japan Chemical Industry Association (JCIA) 5
160 120 80 40 The highest level of efficiency was achieved by a sectoral approach Power generation (per 1kwh production) (2003) 100 99 103 117 110 123 Energy intensity of major sectors 129 135 200 150 100 Cement production (per 1t Clinker production) (2003) 100 130 131 145 152 177 178 50 0 Japan UK North Europe US Germany France China India (Source: ECOFYS) Iron and steel production (per 1t steel production) (2003) 160 120 100 105 110 110 120 120 0 Japan Europe Korea Latin America 125 China US Russia (Source: Battelle Institute) 80 40 0 Japan Korea EU China (large scale) China (nation US Russia -wide) (Source: The Japan Iron and Steel Federation ) 6
CO2 reduction potential in steel industry through use of BAT About 300Mt CO2 emission reduction potential was identified in the steel industry through using BAT such as CDQ and TRT. Amount of CO 2 emissions that can be reduced (Mt-CO 2 ) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Recovery of converter gas Continuous casting TRT CDQ 0 North America Europe Russia Soviet South Korea China India Other developing countries Source: NEDO 7
Japan s s International Energy Efficiency Cooperation in Asia Supports the capacity building of Asian countries. Conducts energy-saving model programs for high-energy consumption industries such as iron and steel, cement, etc. Dispatch of experts & acceptance of trainees Business-based technology transfer promoted under the program 1. Coke Dry Quenching (CDQ) Equipment: 33 units 2. Top Pressure Recovery Turbine (TRT) : 4 units Accepted about 300 trainees Sent about 200 experts from 2000 to 2005. 3. Cement Waste Heat Power Generation System: 21 units 8
Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP) Aimed at promoting regional cooperation for the development, permeation and transfer of clean and efficient technologies. Member countries (AP6): Japan, the U.S., Australia, South Korea, China and India. 8 sectors targeted such as power generation, steel and cement Actual GDP (2003) Power (kwh) A P 6 Others A P 6 Others 54.7% Steel (ton) 49.1% CO 2 emissions (2003) A P 6 Others Japan A P 6 Others Cement (tons) 57.5% 50.5% A P 6 Others Sources:IEA,CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion, 2006 IEA,Energy Balance of OECD, non-oecd countries, 2006 60.5% 9
East Asia Summit The leaders signed the Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security. Each country agreed to promote energy efficiency by voluntarily formulating an action plan and setting its own target. CEBU DECLARATION ON EAST ASIAN ENERGY SECURITY Take concrete actions toward improving efficiency and conservation, while enhancing international cooperation through intensified energy efficiency and conservation programs. Set individual goals and formulate action plans voluntarily to improve energy efficiency. 10
Conclusions Energy efficiency is a key to substantial CO2 reduction and thus an important policy target for all countries. Reduction potential can be identified by a sectoral approach. To realize the potential, the transfer of BAT as well as R&D for successful future is necessary. Bilateral and multilateral activities are important. APP is taking an effective bottom-up approach for the realization of the potential. 11