What Coal Technologies Can Do to Reduce Global CO2 Emission

Transcription

1 What Coal Technologies Can Do to Reduce Global CO2 Emission December 17, 2014 Hiro Hatada Chief Representative, Washington, DC Office NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization)

2 About NEDO Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Budget ($1.5B/yr) Fund Project Management Academia Industry Public research laboratories (Consortium) 2

3 Coal consumption will increase World electricity generation by source in the New Policies Scenario Global coal demand grows by 15% to 2040, but almost two-thirds of the increase occurs over the next ten years (IEA World Energy Outlook 2014) 3

4 Coal-fired power plants will increase Forecasts on newly-built power plants ( ) (IEA World Energy Outlook 2014) 4

5 How can we decrease CO2 emission from coal? In order to decrease CO2 emission from coal-fired power plants, coal technologies can do: (1) Carbon Capture & Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery (2) Higher efficiency on coal-fired generation technologies (3) Make sure the best technologies available TODAY are used TODAY 5

6 (1) Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technology development going-on: capture, transport, and sequestration Other challenges: limited locations for sequestration, long-term storage, environmental effect, and economic incentives EAGLE Pilot Plant Project 8MW, IGCC+CCS (2002-) Osaki Cool Gen Project 250 MW, IGCC+CCS (2019-), IGFC+CCS (2020-) CO 2 separation facilities Gas purifier Air separation facilities Gasifier (150 tons/day) Syngas Treatment Coal Gasification Physical adsorption Chemical adsorption Gas turbine house (8 MW) Subsidized 6 by METI

7 (1) Carbon Capture and Sequestration Electricity generation costs in ASEAN under different fuel price assumptions (+CCS) CCS costs Capture: $30/MWh Transport & Storage:???/MWh O&M chart: IEA Southeast Asia Energy Outlook, 2013 Additional CCS costs: Feasibility study by NEDO 7

8 (1) Carbon Capture and Sequestration CCS-EOR enhanced oil recovery by CO2 injection into old oil fields Oil fields favorable to CO 2 -EOR Stationary CO 2 sources Blue= Electricity CO2 sources Left: ARI disaggregated database, Ventex Velocity Suite Database Right: NETL, Carbon Utilization and Storage Atlas 4 th edition 8

9 (2) Higher efficiency of coal-fired power plants Different technologies of coal power generation Sub-Critical Steam Boiler Steam turbine Super-Critical Ultra Super- Critical (USC) IGCC Gasifier Gas Gas turbine IGFC Coal Fuel cell Gas turbine 9

10 (2) Higher efficiency of coal-fired power plants Technology roadmap for coal-fire generation Today (Note: HHV% = 0.95 x LHV%) 10

11 (3) Use what is available today USC plant in Isogo, Japan (600MWx2) 11

12 (100Mt/Year) (3) Use what is available today 90 CO 2 reduction by USC in non-oecd Asian countries (notional calculation) Sub Critical scenario USC scenario approx. 11 (00Mt/yr) Year *Assumption: Facilities are replaced in 40 years; Existing plants in 2011 are replaced by 25% in every 10 years; New plants and replacements are USC. [CO2 emission unit] Sub-C: 927.6gCO2/kWh, USC: 726.7gCO2/kWh (Source: Japan METI estimation based on IEA World Energy Outlook 2013) 12

13 (3) Use what is available today SOx and NOx emission from fossil fuel power plants g/kwh SOx NOx Emission from coal power plants US Canada UK France Germany Italy Japan Isogo USC Emission from coal, oil and gas power plants (2012) Source: World s SOx and NOx emission: OECD Stat Extract Complete database avilable via OECD s library Power generation: IEA Energy balance of countries 2012 Edition Data in Japan: Hearing by METI 13

14 (3) Use what is available today Around half of the coal-fired stations being built today around the world use less efficient subcritical technology. Around one-third of the new plant capacity being brought online at present in China is subcritical. In India, most new plants being built today are still subcritical. (IEA WEO2014) Sub-critical SC USC Initial cost $1,000 million $1,200 million $1,400 million Efficiency (gross, LHV) Initial costs and efficiencies (1000MW) 34% 38% 41% Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook

15 (3) Use what is available today NEDO feasibility studies on high efficiency coal-fired power plants 19 projects in 11 countries from 2011 to

16 (3) Use what is available today Historical efficiencies of different coal-fired power plants Planned thermal efficiency Takasago coalfire plant #1 Planned thermal efficiency Takasago coalfire plant #2 A certain coal-fire plant for comparison (years) (Source: J-Power) 16

17 JA-US cooperation to reduce CO2 from coal IGCC + EOR + fertilizer project in California (HECA) Feasibility study with DOE for a retrofit modification of an existing plant for pollution reduction Activities to facilitate cooperation between Japanese industries and US universities/national labs. And more Visit by Japanese industries with West Virginia Univ and DOE National Energy Tech Lab (Oct 2014) 17

18 Thank you. Hiro Hatada Chief Representative, Washington, DC Office NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization)