BIO100 Biology Concepts Unit 4 Study Guide. Chapter 14: How Biological Diversity Evolves



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Transcription:

BIO100 Biology Concepts Unit 4 Study Guide Chapter 14: How Biological Diversity Evolves Macroevolution Speciation Species Reproductive barriers Prezygotic Postzygotic Allopatric speciation Symapthic speciation Gradual vs punctuated equilibrium Exaptation Paedomorphosis Fossil record Carbon 14 dating radiometric dating Plate tectonics and macroevolution Taxonomy Binomial Genus Species Hierarchical Classification Domain (Dear King Phil Came Over For Good Spaghetti) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Phylogeny, phylogenic tree Convergent evolution Chapter 15: The Evolution of Microbial Life Prokaryotes Bacteria Archea Eukaryotes Protists Plants

Fungi Animals Spontaneous generation vs biogenesis Endospores Bianary fission Nutritional diversity Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs Pathogen Exotoxin Endotoxin Bioremediation Symbiosis Endosymbiosis Pseudopodia Plankton Chapter 16: Plants, Fungi and the Move onto Land Plants Shoots Roots Mycorrhizae Stomata Cuticle Lignin Vascular tissue Xylem Phloem Gametangia Charophyceans Alternation of Generations Gametophyte Sporophyte Categories Bryohytes Ferns Gymnosperms Conifers Angiosperms Flowers ovules

Fungi Hyphae Mycelium Symbiosis Parasitism Mutualism Lichens (fungi & algae) Chapter 17: Evolution of Animals Blastula Larva Metamorphosis Cambrian explosion (542 million years ago) Radial symetery Bilateral symeter Body cavity Pseudocoelom True coelom Invertebrates Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Annelids Arthropods Mollusks Echinoderms Chordates Lamprey Cartilaginous fish - chondrichthyans Bony fish - osteichthyans Amphibians tetrapods Reptiles ectotherms Amniotes Aves - birds Mammals endotherms monotremes placenta marsupials eutherians

Anthropoids Hominoids Paleoanthropology Homo sapiens Chapter 19: Communities and Ecosystems Species richness Relative abundance Stability Interspecific interactions Interspecific competition Niche Resource partitioning Predator Prey Predation Chemical toxins Physical adaptations (claws, spines ) Hiding or eluding Cryptic coloration Warning coloration Batesian mimicry Mullerian mimicry Symbiotic relationship Parasitism Mutualism Ecological succession Primary succession Secondary succession Chemical cycling Trophic levels Food chain Producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Carnivores Tertiary consumers Quaternary consumers Detritivores decomposers Omnivores Food webs Biotic Abiotic Biomass

Primary productivity Energy pyramid Biogeochemical cycles Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle Water cycle Abiotic reservoir Tropics Temperate zones Biomes Tropical forest Savanna Desert Polar ice Chaparral Temperate grassland Temperate deciduous forest Coniferous forest Tundra Freshwater biomes Photic zone Aphotic zone Benthic zone Marine biomes Estuary Intertidal zone Pelagic zone Hydrothermal vent communities Taxonomic Chart Domains Kingdoms Prokaryotic/Monera Archea halophiles thermophiles methanogens Bacteria rod bacilli spirochetes

Taxonomic Chart Eukaryotic Protists protozoan flagella amoeba forams apicomplexan ciliates slime mold unicellular algae seaweed plasmodial slime mold cellular sime mold dinoflagellates diatoms green algae Plant bryophytes mosses liverworts hornworts ferns gymnosperms angiosperms conifers flowers, veggies, fruits Fungi yeast mushrooms Animals chordata agnatha osteichthyes chondrichthyes reptilla mammalia aves amphibia porifera echinodermata arthropoda cnidaria mollusca platyhelminthes annelida nematoda osteichthyes chondrichthyes reptilia crustacea insecta arachnida