AP Biology Review. ame: Class: Date:

Transcription

1 Class: Date: AP Biology Review Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement tr ue. 1. The branches of a cladogram indicate known ancestry. 2. Mushrooms belong to the domain Eukarya and the kingdom Plantae. 3. Plants are predominantly autotrophic. 4. Cladistics is a method that classifies organisms according to shared ancestral characteristics. 5. Organisms that are part of the kingdom Eubacteria are unicellular. 6. All members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular and heterotrophic. 7. Plant-like bacteria are called algae. 8. In a scientific name, the species name is capitalized. 9. Autotrophic organisms produce organic nutrients through photosynthesis. 10. The word dichotomous means many parts. 11. The largest animal group into which an organism can be classified is known as a phylum. 12. Fungi are heterotrophic and have prokaryotic cells. 13. Amoebas reproduce by asexual reproduction. 14. The cell wall of a water mold is composed of chitin. 15. One aspect of fungi that is beneficial to humans is their role as decomposers. 16. Budding is the reproductive strategy used by most fungi. 17. A protozoan is multicellular. 18. Club mosses are nonvascular plants. 19. Bryophytes have remained very small over time. This is because they lack a vascular system. 20. Flatworms are the most complex of all worms. 21. Roundworms reproduce sexually. 22. Mollusks have bilateral symmetry. 23. Mollusks are vertebrates. 24. Leeches are segmented worms that can be parasitic. 25. An example of an animal with radial symmetry is a ladybug. 26. The jellyfish can only reproduce sexually. 1

2 27. All animals depend on other living things for food. 28. Sponges are separated on the evolutionary tree from all other animals because they lack a body cavity. 29. The simplest animals, which have no symmetry, are called radial. 30. During sexual reproduction of a sponge, eggs are released from the sponge and carried through the water to the sperm of the same sponge. 31. A polyp usually does not move around. 32. All insects have three body sections: a head, a thorax, and wings. 33. Crustaceans and arachnids are both arthropods. 34. An amphibian s circulatory system differs from a fish s circulatory system in that it is double-looped. 35. The class Mammalia is divided into three subgroups based on limb structure. 36. Marsupials have a period of development in a pouch inside the mother s body. 37. Most mammals give birth to live young, except for monotremes, which lay eggs. 38. All mammals are ectothermic vertebrates. 39. The word mammal comes from the word mammary. 40. Hormones are chemical messengers carried by the circulatory system to the cells of the body. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 41. Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of the Northern cardinal? a. cardinalis cardinalis b. Cardinalis cardinalis c. cardinalis Cardinalis d. Cardinalis Cardinalis 42. Which of the following is a taxonomic category made up of related phyla or divisions? a. class b. domain c. kingdom d. order 43. Which of the following is the most general taxonomic category? a. genus b. kingdom c. phylum d. species 2

3 44. Which of the following lists the taxonomic categories from the broadest to the most specific? a. domain, kingdom, class, order, phylum, family, genus, species b. species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain c. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species d. phylum, kingdom, class, family, order, genus, domain, species 45. To which domain does the American black bear belong? a. Animalia b. Carnivora c. Chordata d. Eukarya 46. Which of the following is an example of a structural characteristic used for classification? a. DNA analysis b. RNA analysis c. the hip structure of theropods d. the chromosomes of broccoli and cauliflower 47. Which type of characteristic is found within an entire line of descent of a group of organisms? a. ancestral b. biochemical c. derived d. structural 48. Which of the following are prokaryotes that contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls? a. Archaebacteria b. Eubacteria c. Fungi d. Protists 49. Which domain includes organisms that are found in some of the most extreme environments on Earth? a. Animalia b. Archaea c. Bacteria d. Eukarya 50. Which of the following kingdoms is not included in the domain Eukarya? a. Bacteria b. Fungi c. Plantae d. Protista 51. Which character distinguishes Fungi from Plantae? a. presence of membrane-bound organelles b. presence of membrane-bound nucleus c. cell walls with chitin d. multicellular 52. What are the domain and kingdom of a paramecium? a. domain Bacteria, kingdom Eubacteria b. domain Archaea, kingdom Plantae c. domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista d. domain Archaea, kingdom Protista 3

4 53. How many kingdoms does the domain Eukarya have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d What is the result when one type of plant is fertilized using pollen from another type of plant? a. true-breeding plant b. codominant plant c. hybrid plant d. stronger plant 55. What is the classification directly below class? a. genus b. kingdom c. phylum d. order 56. Which is not one of the six modern kingdoms? a. dichotomous b. fungi c. plantae d. eubacteria 57. What is the smallest group of classification that an organism can belong to? a. phylum b. order c. species d. class 58. Which of the following is not classified in the phylum Chordata? a. whales b. jellyfish c. turtles d. bears 59. Into how many domains are the six kingdoms grouped? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d Which is the main reason that fungi are no longer classified as plants? a. Fungi do not have leaves. b. Fungi feed on dead or decaying matter. c. Fungi do not conduct photosynthesis. d. Fungi do not grow continuously. 61. What organisms have the characteristics of plants as well as of animals? a. Animalia b. Protists c. Binomials d. Plantae 4

5 62. What is the largest classification group an organism can belong to? a. species b. class c. phylum d. kingdom arrative 7-1 Agricultural manure is a significant waste problem. Even though some of it can be used as fertilizer, it is produced in excess. The manure not only has a foul odor, but it contains pathogens, including harmful bacteria, that enter the soil and water sources. Recently, a compound isolated from the thyme plant, called thymol, has been used in farm feedlots where the manure accumulates. Thymol is a natural antiseptic (compound that kills bacteria) and has proved effective in reducing both the odor and the levels of the harmful bacteria. 63. Which type of prokaryote is most likely found in agricultural manure? a. thermophile b. autotroph c. halophile d. saprotroph arrative 7-2 A student outlined the following steps of the lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection of bacterial cells: 1. Virus lands on host cell. 2. Virus injects the viral cell containing its DNA into the cell. 3. Viral DNA is used by bacteria to make virus parts. 4. New viruses are assembled in the bacterial cell. 64. In which step did the student make an error? Use Narrative 7-2. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d What step should the student add as step 5 in the outline in Narrative 7-2? a. The bacterial cell divides. b. The new viruses release their DNA. c. The virus becomes a part of the bacteria. d. The new viruses break out of the cell. 66. Which step would the student need to add to describe a lysogenic cycle in Narrative 7-2? a. The bacterial wall fuses with the capsid. b. The bacterial DNA is replaced by the viral DNA. c. The viral DNA becomes a part of the bacterial DNA. d. The viral proteins are used to make new viruses. 67. By which process do bacteria reproduce sexually? a. binary fission b. cell cloning c. conjugation d. hosting 5

6 68. How can a virus reproduce? a. by the division of the DNA in its nucleus b. by using a host cell c. by binary fission d. conjugation 69. What classification is Eubacteria? a. kingdom b. phylum c. species d. order 70. What are two of the most important eukaryotic features that evolved in protists? a. multicellularity and sexual reproduction b. photosynthesis and silica shells c. pseudopods and cilia d. spores and microtubules 71. Which habitat is least likely to harbor any species of Protista? a. desert b. human liver c. leaf litter d. ocean waters 72. You are collecting samples at a lake. You find a protist that is unicellular, has cilia all around it, and a deep oral groove. This organism can be classified as which of the following? a. amoeba b. euglena c. paramecium d. slime mold 73. To which factor can the differences in algae color be attributed? a. light b. pigments c. organelles d. spores 74. Which of the following is not an example of asexual reproduction? a. budding b. fragmentation c. gametangia production d. spore production 75. What do fungi eat? a. only living organisms b. only dead organisms c. whatever they are growing on d. plankton 76. How do most yeasts reproduce asexually? a. by budding b. by fragmentation c. by producing spores d. by exchanging genetic material with other fungi 6

7 77. What type of fungi are mushrooms? a. molds b. club fungi c. imperfect fungi d. sac fungi 78. In the process of the evolution of plants, liverworts appeared after green algae but before seedless vascular plants. With this information, predict where liverworts would most likely be found. a. rocky coastlines b. the bottom of ponds c. moist, shady places d. dry, grassy areas 79. What are the reproductive structures that ferns release? a. spores b. seeds c. roots d. tendrils 80. In which of the following are seeds enclosed in fruits? a. angiosperms b. gymnosperms c. heterotrophs d. nonvascular plants 81. What type of environment is the life cycle of a bryophyte tied to? a. dry places b. oceans c. sandy areas d. damp places 82. Which were the first plants to evolve with seeds? a. angiosperms b. gymnosperms c. liverworts d. mosses 7

8 Figure In the earthworm shown in Figure 12-1, what part is analogous to the stomach in humans? a. A b. B c. C d. D 84. In the earthworm shown in Figure 12-1, what part is analogous to the throat in humans? a. A b. B c. C d. D 85. Which is true of both flatworms and roundworms? a. They are both acoelomates. b. They are both pseudocoelomates. c. They both have bilateral symmetry. d. They both have radial symmetry. 86. Mollusks such as the squid or the octopus move quickly by what type of propulsion? a. jet propulsion b. radula propulsion c. gastropod propulsion d. vertebrate propulsion 87. The tentacles of a cephalopod are part of which structure? a. head b. mantle c. shell d. foot 88. Which of the following is an annelid? a. earthworm b. roundworm c. tapeworm d. fluke 89. What is the name given to an organism with a backbone? a. invertebrate b. vertebrate c. mammal d. echinoderm 8

9 90. If you are asked to cut an organism in half and you see the same features on each side, what kind of symmetry does the organism have? a. no symmetry b. bilateral symmetry c. radial symmetry d. asymmetry 91. What feature of sponges gives them their phylum name? a. their ability to live in the ocean b. two layers of cells c. an internal skeleton d. their pores 92. Which phylum derives from a name that means thread-like? a. Porifera b. Nematoda c. Cnidaria d. Mollusca 93. Which of the following forms reefs? a. jellyfish b. hydras c. roundworms d. corals 94. Which of the following is a similarity between worms and mollusks? a. They are vertebrates. b. They have radial symmetry. c. They have bilateral symmetry. d. They are asymmetrical. 95. Which of the following is a bivalve? a. leech b. earthworm c. oyster d. sponge 96. What phylum do flatworms belong to? a. Nematoda b. Annelida c. Mollusks d. Platyhelminthes 97. Which characteristic do annelids and arthropods share? a. jointed appendages b. exoskeleton c. segmented bodies d. tracheal tubes 98. A student sees a picture of an arthropod with gills. What can the student assume about that arthropod? a. It feeds on small insects. b. It has tracheal tubes. c. It lives in water. d. It spins a web. 9

10 Figure Examine Figure What is the main function of the hind limbs of this insect? a. jumping b. pollinating c. swimming d. walking 100. Which of the following is a characteristic of most amphibians? a. They breathe with gills throughout life. b. They have poisonous glands. c. They have dry, scaly skin. d. They begin life as aquatic organisms. Figure How does A contrast between the salamander and the crocodile shown in Figure 14-5? a. Crocodile skin is warm blooded while salamander skin is cold blooded. b. Crocodile skin is wet and smooth while salamander skin is dry and scaly. c. Crocodile skin is dry and scaly while salamander skin is moist and smooth. d. Crocodile skin is moist and scaly while salamander skin is dry and smooth How is the reptile egg protected from drying out on land? a. The egg is protected by a carapace. b. The egg is protected by a plastron. c. The egg is protected by a soft shell. d. The egg is protected by a hard outer shell. 10

11 103. What is one benefit to reptiles of having an amniotic egg? a. Their egg does not require oxygen. b. They can have external fertilization. c. Their eggs are protected by Jacobsen s organs. d. They do not have to return to the water to reproduce What is the essential adaptive value of the amniotic egg? a. additional layers of protection against toxins b. a shell that protects the embryo from damage c. the presence of yolk as a food source d. an embryo surrounded by its own watery environment 105. Invertebrate chordates have all the characteristics of chordates except for which important difference? a. They are deuterostomes. b. They do not have brains. c. They do not have vertebrae. d. They do not have thyroid glands Which characteristic is not associated with the phylum Chordata? a. a coelom b. segmentation c. a notochord d. an exoskeleton 107. Which of the following developed from ancient reptiles? I. modern mammals II. modern reptiles III. modern birds a. I only b. II only c. I and II d. I, II, and III 108. Animals that have backbones are members of what phylum? a. Cnidaria b. Porifera c. Chordata d. Platyhelminthes 109. What type of animal maintains a constant body temperature? a. ectotherm b. endotherm c. vertebrate d. lancelet 11

12 Figure Examine Figure How does the second response to the antigen differ from the first response? a. In the second response, fewer T cells are activated. b. The first response is faster than the second response. c. In the second response, a greater number of B cells are activated. d. The first response produces more antibodies than the second response What type of cells produce antibodies that attach to antigens on the pathogen and mark the pathogen for destruction? a. T cells b. B cells c. A cells d. O cells 112. What type of immunity do memory cells provide? a. incubation immunity b. passive immunity c. active immunity d. artificial immunity 113. What types of white blood cells recognize and eat pathogens? a. phagocytes b. red blood cells c. memory cells d. natural killer cells Completion Complete each statement Bears, humans, and birds all belong to the kingdom Organisms that are closely related have similar sequences Angiosperms are vascular, make seeds, and produce Club mosses and ferns are both seedless plants. 12

13 118. Vascular plants can grow taller than nonvascular plants because vascular tissues provide Flatworms are because they produce both eggs and sperm Most gastropods move by using a foot that is found on the same side as their In jellyfish, the medusa stage follows the stage An organism with gills, legs, and webbed feet should be classified as a(n) Birds are the only animals that have. Short Answer 124. If you observed green organisms growing on the surface of a pond, how could you determine whether the organisms belonged to kingdom Protista or kingdom Eubacteria? 125. If you observed gray, thread-like structures on the surface of a leaf, how could you determine whether they were spiderwebs or fungi? Table 6-1 Organism House cat Red fox Dog Wolf Gopher Fly Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Rodentia Diptera Family Felidae Canidae Canidae Canidae Geomyidae Muscidae Genus Felis Vulpes Canis Canis Thomomys Musca Species domesticus fulva familiaris lupus bottae domestica 126. How does Table 6-1 indicate that a dog is more closely related to a red fox than a house cat? 127. At which level does the relationship between gophers and house cats separate? Refer to Table

14 Figure Classify each of the items in Figure 6-1 as a bacterium, protist, or fungus You are examining organisms that were collected during an expedition to a hot-spring area. Many of the organisms are unicellular, heterotrophic, and have cell walls. A closer inspection of the cell walls of the organisms reveals that they do not contain peptidoglycan. Which domain and kingdom do you think these organisms belong to and why? 130. Compare and contrast the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle Why aren't viruses named according to the rules of binomial nomenclature? 132. Why is penicillin ineffective in destroying viruses or animal cells? Figure Explain in your own words what happens in steps 1, 2, and 3 of the lysogenic cycle shown in the diagram in Figure Describe the lytic cycle Describe the lysogenic cycle Why do scientists think that plants probably evolved from green algae? 137. What are four characteristics of plants that set them apart from other living things? 138. Are the following vascular or nonvascular plants? Place the following in the appropriate category: liverwort, fern, sequoia, moss, rose, corn 14

15 AP Biology Review Answer Section MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: F, hypothesized ancestry PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_3d 2. ANS: F, Fungi PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 3. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 4. ANS: F, derived PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_3d 5. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 6. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 7. ANS: F, protists PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 8. ANS: F, genus PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 9. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_1e 10. ANS: F, two parts PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 11. ANS: F, kingdom PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 12. ANS: F, eukaryotic PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 13. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A NAT: LS_4d 14. ANS: F, cellulose PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_1a 15. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_4b 16. ANS: F, The production of spores PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_4d 1

16 17. ANS: F, unicellular PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 18. ANS: F, vascular PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_5d 19. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 20. ANS: F, simplest PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 21. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge 22. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 23. ANS: F, invertebrates PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 24. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 25. ANS: F, bilateral symmetry PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 26. ANS: F, can reproduce asexually as a polyp and sexually as a medusa PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 27. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 28. ANS: F, tissues PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 29. ANS: F, asymmetrical PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 30. ANS: F, sperm, eggs PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_4c 31. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_5b 32. ANS: F, a head, a thorax, and an abdomen PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A NAT: LS_5d 33. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 34. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_5d 35. ANS: F, their reproductive methods PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 2

17 36. ANS: F, outside the mother s body PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 37. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 38. ANS: F, endothermic vertebrates PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 39. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 40. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A NAT: LS_5d MULTIPLE CHOICE 41. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 44. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 45. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 46. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 47. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D NAT: LS_3d 48. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 49. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 50. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 51. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 52. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge 53. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 54. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_4e 55. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 56. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 57. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 3

18 58. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 59. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 60. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level F 61. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 62. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 63. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_1a 64. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 65. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 66. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level E 67. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 68. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 69. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 70. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level E NAT: LS_1a 71. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 72. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 73. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D NAT: LS_1e 74. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_4d 75. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_4c 76. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_4d 77. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 78. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level E 79. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_4d 80. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 81. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C NAT: LS_4c 82. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_3a 83. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_5d 84. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_5d 85. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 86. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 87. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 4

19 88. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 89. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 90. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 91. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 92. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A 93. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_4a 94. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 95. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 96. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 97. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 98. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C NAT: LS_3a 99. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_5d 100. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 101. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 102. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 103. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level E 104. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level E 105. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 106. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 107. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D NAT: LS_3d 108. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 109. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D NAT: LS_6b 110. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 111. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 112. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 113. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B COMPLETIO 114. ANS: Animalia PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 5

20 115. ANS: DNA PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_3d 116. ANS: flowers PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C NAT: LS_5d 117. ANS: vascular PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B NAT: LS_5d 118. ANS: support PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_5d 119. ANS: hermaphrodites PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge 120. ANS: stomach PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 121. ANS: polyp PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 122. ANS: amphibian PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 123. ANS: feathers PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A SHORT A SWER 124. ANS: You could take a sample of the green organisms and spread them on a microscope slide. As you look at the cells under a microscope, you would see the nucleus. Protists have membrane-bound nuclei while bacteria do not. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 125. ANS: You could look at them using a microscope. Fungi would have cell walls made of chitin; spiderwebs would not. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level E 126. ANS: Dogs and foxes are in the same family but dogs and cats are not. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 6

21 127. ANS: Gophers and house cats separate at the level of order. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level E 128. ANS: Left to right: protist, bacterium, fungus PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D 129. ANS: These organisms are most likely part of domain Archaea and kingdom Archaebacteria. Bacteria in this group include organisms that live in extreme environments, such as the ones around hot springs. The trait that positively identifies them as Archaea is that there is no peptidoglycan in their cell walls. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level E 130. ANS: Both are viral reproductive cycles. In a lytic cycle, the virus causes the destruction of the host cell. In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA becomes integrated into the host cell's chromosome after which it is passed on to future generations of the host cell. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level B 131. ANS: Viruses are not living things. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 132. ANS: Penicillin interferes with the enzyme that links the sugar chains in the bacterial cell wall. Because neither viruses nor animal cells have cell walls, penicillin has no effect on them. PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge 133. ANS: 1. A virus injects its DNA into a bacterium. 2. The viral nucleic acid becomes part of the host chromosome. 3. The viral nucleic acid is inactive but is replicated when the host cell chromosome replicates. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C 134. ANS: In the lytic cycle, a virus attaches to a host cell, it injects its nucleic acid into the cell. The host s metabolic machinery makes viral nucleic acid and proteins, and then new virus particles are assembled. The host cell bursts and releases new virus particles. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C NAT: LS_4a 7

22 135. ANS: In the lysogenic cycle, viral nucleic acid enters a host cell and remains dormant. However, the viral nucleic acid replicates along with the host cell s DNA. The viral nucleic acid becomes active and separates from the host cell s genetic material, takes over its function, and reproduces more viruses. The host cell is destroyed as new viruses are released. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level C NAT: LS_4a 136. ANS: Both plants and green algae have cell walls that contain cellulose. Both groups have the same types of chlorophyll used in photosynthesis. Algae and plants store food in the form of starch; other organisms store food as glycogen and other sugars. PTS: 1 DIF: Challenge NAT: LS_3c 137. ANS: All plants are multicellular. Almost all plants can make their own organic molecules. Plants have cell walls made of cellulose. Plants are not motile. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level A NAT: LS_5d 138. ANS: Nonvascular: liverwort, moss; Vascular: fern, sequoia, rose, corn PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom s Level D NAT: LS_5d 8