4. Why are common names not good to use when classifying organisms? Give an example.

Transcription

1 1. Define taxonomy. Classification of organisms 2. Who was first to classify organisms? Aristotle 3. Explain Aristotle s taxonomy of organisms. Patterns of nature: looked like 4. Why are common names not good to use when classifying organisms? Give an example. 5. Describe Carolus Linnaeus s system of classification. Binomial nomenclature 6. Linnaeus used anatomy and physiology or form & structure to classify organisms. 7. List Linnaeus s levels of organization in order starting with the broadest classification level. K, P, C, O, F, G, S 8. Name Linnaeus s two kingdoms. Plants and animals 9. What is the difference between phylum & division? How are they alike? 10. What classification level contains only a single type of organism? species 11. Give the taxonomy for a lion. 12. In Linnaeus s naming system, two words are used as the name. 13. Explain Linnaeus s 2-word naming system. Genus species 14. What is Linnaeus s naming system called? Binomial nomenclature 15. Write the scientific name for man. Homo sapiens 16. The Genus name is written first and must always be capitalized.

2 17. The species name is written second and should never be capitalized. 18. Name 2 things a species name may do. Description and location 19. What are varieties? Multiple types and changes in species 20. What are subspecies? 21. Write a scientific name that includes a subspecies. 22. What do modern taxonomist use to classify organisms? DNA 23. What is phylogeny? Evolutionary history of organism 24. Name 6 things used by modern taxonomists to classify organisms. 25. Classification of an organism should reflect its phylogeny or evolutionary history. 26. What is systematics? 27. Name a tool used by systematic taxonomists. 28. What is a phylogenetic tree? cladogram 29. Draw a phylogenetic tree showing the possible relationships among animal phyla. 30. Do phylogenetic trees ever change? Explain. Yes, when new evolutionary evidence, or fossils 31. What complex animal group is located at the top of your phylogenetic tree? 32. Do all organisms have complete fossil records? Explain. NO 33. Which structures show that organisms are more closely related, homologous or analogous? Homologous 34. Features similar in structure but with different functions are called Homologous structures.

3 35. Early patterns of similar development show relationships. 36. The fertilized egg or divides by mitosis. 37. What is the blastula & make a sketch? 38. What is the blastopore, & what does it become? 39. The blastopore becomes the mouth in many animals except in where it becomes their. 40. What invertebrate group is most closely related to the vertebrates? 41. Taxonomists compare macromolecules such as DNA, nucleic acids, & proteins to show similarities among species. 42. If two organisms have similar banding patterns on their chromosomes then they are related. 43. What is used in cladistics to show evolutionary relationships? Recent common ancestors 44. What is a derived character & give an example? A characteristic that had not shown up yet in the evolutionary time scale 45. Do shared derived characters show common ancestry? yes 46. What is a cladogram? Phylogenetic tree that shows recent common ancestors 47. Sketch a cladogram for vertebrates. 48. The discovery of 2 broad types of bacteria led taxonomists to develop what type of classification system? Kingdom 49. Name the 6 kingdoms & tell which are prokaryotes & which are eukaryotes. Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi- EUK; Archae and Eubacteria-PRO

4 50. Describe members of the kingdom Archaebacteria. Bacteria live in harsh environments, no peptidoglycan, methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles 51. In what type of environment are Archaebacteria found? Harsh, salty, hot, acid 52. Did Archaebacteria carry on photosynthesis? Some cyanobacteria 53. What kingdom contains true bacteria? Eubacteria 54. Name 4 things Eubacteria do that affect your life. Food, digestion, oil recovery, disease 55. Do all true bacteria use oxygen? Explain. No, aerobic and anaerobic 56. How do all bacteria reproduce? asexually 57. Why are bacteria able to evolve so quickly? Give an example. 58. Most protists are unicellular organisms, but some like the giant kelp are multicellular 59. Since protists are eukaryotes, what special structures do they contain? Nucleus, and membrane bound organelles 60. Some protists like amoebas feed on other organisms, while plant like protists have chloroplasts & make their own food. 61. Describe the characteristics of fungi. Heterotroph, nucleus, eukaryote, mostly multicellular, some unicellular, cell walls of chitin 62. How do fungi get food? Secrete enzymes through hyphae outside of fungus and then reabsorb 64. Multicellular plants are in the plantae kingdom. 65. Most plants are autotrophs and make food energy by photosynthesis. 66. Most plants live on land.

5 67. Name 4 examples of major plant groups. 68. Describe the characteristics of the animal kingdom. Multicellular, motile, heterotrophic, no cell walls, eukaryotes, 69. Most animals have body organization. 70. Both plants & animals reproduce sexually. 71. Using information about RNA, developed the three classification system. 72. Name the 3 domains. Archaea, Eukarya, Bacteria 73. Domain Archaea contains the same organisms as the kingdom Archaebacteria. 74. Domain Bacteria contains the same organisms as kingdom Eubacteria. 75. What is included in domain Eukarya? All Eukaryotes: Protists, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae 76. What characteristic do all members of the domain Eukarya have in common with each other; Eukaryotes, nucleus