A comparison of the different livestock systems By: Kristy Baird
Describe the basic function of the primary components of the digestive system. Compare the function and location of the digestive organs to those in the monogastric, modified monogastric and ruminant digestive systems. Explain the difference between and identify diagrams of the different types of digestive systems of various animals.
The process by which large complex nutrient molecules are broken down into simpler molecules capable of being used by the organism for food.
Humans, swine, rabbits, chickens and horses all have a simple stomach, which is also known as a monogastric digestive system.
Known as a modified monogastric system
Parts and functions of the monogastric avian digestive system Mouth/Beak - gather and break down feed Esophagus - tube from mouth to stomach that is open at the mouth end Crop - feed storage and moistening Proventriculus - glandular stomach (HCI and gastric juices); enzymatic Gizzard - muscular stomach; mechanical breakdown
Parts and functions of the monogastric avian digestive system continued Small Intestine - enzymatic digestion and absorption -Functions of the small intestine: digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; absorption of the end products of digestion -Enzymes in the small intestine Ceca - essentially non functioning in monogastrics Large Intestine -bacterial activity -water absorption -waste storage Cloaca - common chamber for GI and urinary tracts Vent - common exit for GI and urinary tracts
Parts and functions of the monogastric mammal digestive system Mouth -gather and chew feed using tongue and teeth -salivary glands moisten feed to aid in swallowing -saliva begins the carbohydrate breakdown with salivary amylase Esophagus -tube from mouth to stomach that is open at the mouth end -separated from stomach by the esophageal sphincter Stomach -muscular gland lined sac that receives ingesta from the esophagus and conducts both physical and chemical digestion -primary secretions: pepsin - enzyme that digests protein; hydrochlorides - acids that aid in protein digestion
Parts and functions of the monogastric mammal digestive system continued Small Intestine -enzymatic digestion and absorption -Functions of the small intestine: digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; absorption of the end products of digestion 1. duodenum - most digestion occurs here 2. jejunum - some digestion and some absorption occur 3. ileum - mostly absorption -Bile - made in liver, stored in gall bladder, active in the small intestine, emulsifies fat to aid in digestion
Parts and functions of the monogastric mammal digestive system continued Enzymes in the small intestine
Parts and functions of the monogastric mammal digestive system continued Cecum - essentially non functioning in many monogastrics. Rabbits and horses have an enlarged cecum that acts like a rumen and is involved with microbial digestion (fermentation) Large Intestine -bacterial activity -water absorption -waste storage
Sheep, cows, and goats are examples of animals with complex stomachs, which are also known as ruminant digestive systems
Parts and functions of the ruminant digestive system Ruminants are characterized by having a stomach with four compartments Rumination - the regurgitation, rechewing and reswallowing of ingested food Cud - mass of regurgitated ingesta; bolus 1. Anus 7. Reticulum 2. Rectum 8. Esophagus 3. Cecum 9. Abomasum 4. Colon 10. Omasum 5. Duodenum 11. Small Intestine 6. Rumen Process of rumination 1. regurgitate bolus from rumen 2. rechew and reinsalivate 3. reswallow 4. repeat with another bolus
Parts and functions of the ruminant digestive system continued Mouth -contains dental pad, teeth, tongue and saliva -saliva contains no salivary amylase Esophagus -tube from mouth to stomach -tube from stomach to mouth
Parts and functions of the ruminant digestive system continued Rumen - large fermentation vat; also called the "paunch" -anaerobic -Temperature = 39 o C (103 o F) -saturated with gasses -constant motion Lining of the rumen
Parts and functions of the ruminant digestive system continued Functions of Microorganisms -digest roughages to make Volatile Fatty Acids -make protein -make vitamins K and B complex (Very similar to cecum of rabbit and horse) The function of the rumen is to house microorganisms.
Parts and functions of the ruminant digestive system continued Reticulum - "honeycomb" -houses microorganisms -catches hardware (ingested by animal) -houses the opening to the omasum Omasum - "manyplies or book -full of folded tissue -water absorption Abomasum - true stomach -pepsin -HCl
Parts and functions of the ruminant digestive system continued Small Intestine -enzymatic digestion and absorption -Functions of the small intestine: digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; absorption of the end products of digestion 1.duodenum 2.jejunum 3.ileum Cecum - some microbial fermentation Large Intestine -water absorption -waste storage
Pigs, Rabbits, Horses, Chickens, and Humans have a simple stomach or a monogastric digestive system Cows, Sheep and Goats have a complex stomach or a ruminant digestive system
What type of digestive system is this? Ruminant
What type of digestive system is this? Avian Monogastric System (modified monogastric)
What type of system is this? Monogastric