Passenger Transport Mode Shares in World Cities

Passenger Transport Mode Shares in World Cities Passenger mode share refers to the percentage of passenger journeys or trips by the main mode of and is typically reported through travel surveys. Comparing passenger mode share across different cities is a challenging task. As travel surveys are typically conducted for long-term strategic planning purpose, such surveys are not conducted frequently and detailed reports are not always published. The situation is further complicated as the surveys are often commissioned by local governments. The geographical areas covered, sampling and interviewing techniques, questionnaire and stratification methods deployed by travel surveys vary greatly in different countries. For example, the definition for a pedestrian trip or a public trip may be different in different countries. In cities like Hong Kong, mode share is based on the number of boardings by mode of (or journeystages). In most cities, however, mode share is reported on the basis of the number of journeys, which may consist of a series of boardings on different modes of and the main mode is reported as the mode. is affected by household incomes, land use patterns, and many other economic and social factors. Therefore, the figures may not be directly comparable. They should be analysed together with the historical, social and economic situation of the city. The mode share information of some major metropolitan cities in the world is presented. They include the traditionally advanced cities (e.g. London, Paris, New York and Tokyo), newly developed cities (e.g. Hong Kong, Seoul), cities often cited in innovations or sustainable surveys (e.g. Bogota, Osaka), and emerging megacities (e.g. Shanghai, Bangalore) (Table 1). For cities where mode share information of different geographical coverage is available, the geographical area that is approximately in a similar pattern to Singapore is used (e.g. land area, population density). Table 1: List of Selected Cities Asia Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Beijing, Delhi, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Osaka, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Taipei, Tokyo Australia Melbourne, Sydney Europe Barcelona, Berlin, London, Madrid, Paris, Prague, Rome, Vienna North America Chicago, New York City, Toronto South America Bogota, Curitiba 60 JOURNEYS November 2011

AHMEDABAD Population: 5.6 million Land area: 281 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 1 of all Census of India 2011 Ministry of Urban Development, 2008. Study on Traffic and Transportation Policies and Strategies in Urban Areas in India BANGALORE Population: 8.4 million Land area: 226 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 35% of all Census of India 2011 Ministry of Urban Development, 2008. Study on Traffic and Transportation Policies and Strategies in Urban Areas in India BARCELONA Population: 1.5 million Land area: 98 km 2 Figure 1: Mode Share in Ahmedabad Paratransit 14% 1 Figure 2: Mode Share in Bangalore 2 2 35% Figure 3: Mode Share in Barcelona 4 25% 7% Paratransit 7% mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 2 of all 38% 35% Urban Transport Benchmarking Initiative Year Three, Annex A1. Common Indicator Report 2006 2 JOURNEYS November 2011 61

BEIJING 1 Figure 4: Mode Share in Beijing Population: 11.7 million Land area: 1,368 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 23% of all Beijing Yearbook 2011 Beijing Transport Report 2005 (in Chinese only, 2005 北 京 市 交 通 发 展 年 度 报 告 ) 2 2 20% 3 3% BERLIN Population: 3.4 million Land area: 892 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 2 of all Figure 5: Mode Share in Berlin 2 13% 3 Berlin Traffic in Figures 2010 29% BOGOTA Figure 6: Mode Share in Bogota Population: 6.8 million Land area: 1,775 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 6 of all Travel survey of Bogota and the Region 2008 (in Spanish only, Observatorio de Movilidad de Bogotá y la Región, Camara de Comercio de Bogotá), Colombia & BRT 6 Other 15% 15% 4% 62 JOURNEYS November 2011

CHICAGO Figure 7: Mode Share in Chicago Population: 2.7 million Land area: 589 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 1 of all Chicago Regional Household Travel Inventory: Mode Choice and Trip Purpose for the 2008 and 1990 Surveys, Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning 19% 1 5% 63% CURITIBA Figure 8: Mode Share in Curitiba Population: 1.9 million Land area: 430 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 45% of all & BRT 45% 28% ICLEI EcoMobility Case Curitiba, Brazil - A model of transit oriented planning 5% 2 DELHI Population: 11.0 million Land area: 431 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 4 of all Census of India 2011 Ministry of Urban Development, 2008. Study on Traffic and Transportation Policies and Strategies in Urban Areas in India Figure 9: Mode Share in Delhi 2 4 19% 1 Paratransit JOURNEYS November 2011 63

GUANGZHOU 2 Figure 10: Mode Share in Guangzhou Population: 6.3 million Land area: 1,166 km 2 mode of. It includes only motorised modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 49% of motorised 14% 1 40% Guangzhou Yearbook 2010 Guangzhou Urban Transport Report 2010 (in Chinese only. 2010 年 广 州 市 城 市 交 通 运 行 报 告 ) 35% HONG KONG Figure 11: in Hong Kong Population: 7.1 million Land area: 1,104 km 2 Based on the number of boardings by mode of. It includes only motorised modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 80% of all boardings. Hong Kong in Figures 2011 Travel Characteristics Survey 2002, Transport Department, Hong Kong 25% 8% 1 / Tram 55% LONDON Population: 7.8 million Land area: 1,579 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 27% of all GLA Intelligence Update 11-2011, Greater London Authority, U.K. Travel in London, Supplementary Report: London Travel Demand Survey (LTDS) 2011, Transport for London, U.K. Figure 12: Mode Share in London / Tram 15% 1 30% 40% 64 JOURNEYS November 2011

MADRID Figure 13: Mode Share in Madrid Population: 3.1 million Land area: 606 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 34% of all Urban Transport Benchmarking Initiative Year Three, Annex A1. Common Indicator Report 2006 34% 3 29% MELBOURNE Population: 4.1 million Land area: 1,566 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 8% of all Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity 2007 Figure 14: Mode Share in Melbourne 13% 3% 4% 77% MUMBAI Figure 15: Mode Share in Mumbai Population: 12.5 million Land area: 603 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 45% of all Census of India 2011 Ministry of Urban Development, 2008. Study on Traffic and Transportation Policies and Strategies in Urban Areas in India 27% 45% 15% Paratransit 7% JOURNEYS November 2011 65

NEW YORK Figure 16: Mode Share in New York Population: 8.2 million Land area: 790 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 23% of all 39% 33% Census 2010, U.S. Census Bureau National Household Travel Survey 2009, New York City 10% 1 OSAKA Figure 17: Mode Share in Osaka Population: 2.7 million Land area: 222 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 34% of all 27% 39% Osaka Prefecture Travel Report 2000 (in Japanese only, 大 阪 府 全 体 の 人 の 動 き 第 4 回 パーソントリップ 調 査 から, Japan) 3 PARIS (Paris et Petite Couronne) 3 Figure 18: Mode Share in Paris et Petite Couronne Population: 6.5 million Land area: 762 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 6 of all National Transport Survey 2008 (in French only, Enquête Nationale Transports et Déplacements) 6 3 4% 66 JOURNEYS November 2011

PRAGUE Figure 19: Mode Share in Prague Population: 1.2 million Land area: 496 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 43% of all 43% 33% The Yearbook of Transportation 2009, Prague 23% ROME Population: 3.7 million Land area: 1,290 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 20% of all Urban Transport Benchmarking Initiative Year Three, Annex A1. Common Indicator Report 2006 Figure 20: Mode Share in Rome 20% 2 59% SEOUL Population: 10.6 million Land area: 605 km 2 Figure 21: Mode Share in Seoul mode of. It includes only motorised modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 63% of motorised Seoul Statistics Population Trend in 2010 Seoul Statistics Composition of Daily Passenger Transportation in 2009 28% 35% 2 5% JOURNEYS November 2011 67

SHANGHAI 4 Population: 16.4 million Land area: 2,141 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 33% of all Shanghai Yearbook 2011 Shanghai Construction and Transport Commission 2009 (data provided directly) Figure 22: Mode Share in Shanghai 27% 33% 20% E-bike 10% 10% SINGAPORE Population: 5.1 million Land area: 712 km 2 Figure 23: in Singapore 4% mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 44% of all 19% 29% Singapore in Figures 2011 Travel Survey 2011, Land Transport Authority, Singapore 2 25% SYDNEY Population: 4.6 million Land area: 1,580 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 1 of all 2009/10 Household Travel Survey-Key Indicators for Sydney Figure 24: Mode Share in Sydney 18% 5% 69% 68 JOURNEYS November 2011

TAIPEI Population: 2.6 million Land area: 272 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 3 of all Taipei Yearbook 2010, Taipei City Government, Taiwan Analysis of Taiwan Transport Modes (in Chinese only, 臺 灣 地 區 相 關 運 具 使 用 率 指 標 簡 析 及 探 討 ) 2009. MOTC, Taiwan TOKYO (23-Ward) 5 Figure 25: Mode Share in Taipei 14% 15% 4% 18% Figure 26: in Tokyo 23-Ward 4 Population: 8.8 million Land area: 622 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 5 of all Tokyo Statistical Yearbook 2009, Japan Tokyo Metropolitan Area Travel Survey 2008 (in Japanese only, 東 京 都 市 圏 パーソントリップ 調 査 ( 交 通 実 態 調 査 ) 平 成 20 年, Japan) TORONTO Population: 2.4 million Land area: 630 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 24% of all 2006 Transportation Tomorrow Survey 23% Figure 27: Mode Share in Toronto Local Transit 2 14% & 8% GO Train 1 3% 48% 67% JOURNEYS November 2011 69

VIENNA Figure 28: Mode Share in Vienna Population: 1.6 million Land area: 415 km 2 mode of. It includes all modes for all purposes. Mass transit constitutes 3 of all 3 3 Vienna Modal Split 2010 (in German only, APA-Grafik Modal Split, Wiener) 5% 28% Notes 1. For Beijing, this includes the traditional urban area, which is only part of the area administered by the Beijing Municipality. 2. For Guangzhou, this includes the central districts (i.e. Liwan, Yuexiu, Haizhu, Tianhe, Baiyun, Huangpu) only, which is only part of the area administered by the Guangzhou Municipality. 4. For Shanghai, this includes the traditional urban area and the Pudong New District, which is only part of the area administered by the Shanghai Municipality. 5. For Tokyo, this includes the traditional urban area collectively called 23-Ward, which is only part of the area administered by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG). 3. For Paris, this includes the city of Paris and the surrounding districts collectively called Petite Couronne (Little Crown, or Inner Ring): Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint- Denis and Val-de-Marne. 70 JOURNEYS November 2011