COURSE CODE INTENSITY PRE-REQUISITE CO-REQUISITE CREDITS ACTUALIZATION DATE FLUID MECHANICS IM0235 3 LECTURE HOURS PER WEEK 48 HOURS CLASSROOM ON 16 WEEKS, 32 HOURS LABORATORY, 112 HOURS OF INDEPENDENT WORK CÁLCULO III (Calculus of Several Variables) - CB0232; DYNAMICS - IM0234 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS - CB0235 4 2014_1 JUSTIFICATION Fluid mechanics is a fundamental discipline for mechanical and civil engineering knowledge. The study of the laws of the behavior of fluids in rest and in motion strengthens the foundation for understanding many practical applications: hydraulic machines and hydroelectric power plants, pneumatic systems, pumping stations, control and pneumatic and hydraulic transmission, among others. INTRODUCTION Fluid mechanics is the field of mechanics that studies the behavior of fluids at rest (hydrostatic) and fluids movement (hydrodynamics). The IM0235 is an introductory course emphasizing fundamental concepts and problem solving technique based on the following fundamental laws of mechanics: Law of conservation of mass Newton's laws, and The laws of thermodynamics The course is divided into two parts. During the first part introduces the fundamental concepts of fluid properties, hydrostatics, control volume analysis, kinematics and differential equations. The second part deals with applications specifically piping systems flow over immersed bodies, and an introduction to turbomachinery. 1
GENERAL AIMS OF THE COURSE Knowing and understanding the basic principles of fluid mechanics and differentiate fluids from other forms of matter. Evaluate the effect of the forces causing a fluid at rest. Evaluating the motion (displacement, velocity, acceleration) of a fluid and relating the forces resulting from the movement. Develop analytical skills that enable the student to understand and use the mathematical model to predict fluid behavior of a real fluid. SPECIFIC AIMS OF THE COURSE Calculating the forces on flat and curved surfaces immersed in a fluid at rest. Apply the methodology of system and control volume based on conservation of mass, momentum and energy to engineering problems involving fluids. Derive the differential equations that govern the behavior of a fluid and apply these equations to engineering problems. Apply the principles of dimensional analysis and similarity to relate the data obtained with an experimental model to an engineering problem. Calculate the lift and drag forces caused by a fluid on a submerged body moving. Calculate the total losses in a piping system due to internal flow of a fluid. Calculate the turbo machine suitable for a piping system. GENERAL CONTENTS Introduction Static fluid Control systems and volumes Fluid kinematics Dimensional analysis External flow Internal flow Turbomachinery 2
METODOLOGY Teacher exposure topics. Work in the classroom by students with the guidance of Professor or monitor for the solution of the workshops and the suggested exercises for the week. Working in the classroom under the student monitor direction during weekly monitoring tests. Work outside the classroom by the student solving the problems suggested for the week. Work in the laboratory in charge of the student and teacher-oriented laboratory for conducting experiments. EVALUATION Two midterm s exams: 25% each one Final exam: 30% Laboratories: The average lab grade will be worth 20%. One of the labs will be a take home on kinematics and differential relations of a fluid. The exams will be in class time and on the date stated in the program area. The final exam will be in the time and date set by the university. The midterm exam 1 is cumulative and laboratory issues seen in the units I to III. The two midterm exam will be cumulative and laboratory issues seen in the units VI and VII. The final exam will be cumulative for all subjects and laboratory units seen in VIII, IX and III. Midterms and finals will be single and not provide equations or formulas. The student may NOT have during the exam sheets with summaries and / or formulas. During exams is not allowed the use of programmable calculator, only scientific are permitted. Not allowed to use cell phones, IPods, mp3 players, etc. during the examination. REFERENCES Books 3
TEXT GUIDE Book 1. Fluid Mechanics, Frank White, 7th Ed. Book 2. Fluid Mechanics, Fundamentals and Applications, Junus Cengel and John Cimbala, 2nd Ed. WEB LINKS Fluid Mechanics Videos National Committee for Fluid Mechanics for Films http://mit.edu/hml/ncfmf.html APS / DFD fluid dynamics videos: http://www.aps.org/units/dfd/videos/index.cfm 4
Lecture Schedule Week Unit Topics Laboratory (White) (Cengel) 1 Introduction and fluid properties fluids and applications, classification of fluids flows. Fluid Properties: density, viscosity, surface tension 1.1-1.9 2.1-2.7 2 3 4 5 Hydrostatic Control Volume Analysis Pressure, Manometry. Hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces. Buoyancy Control Volume, Reynolds Theorem, mass conservation Conservation of linear moment Energy conservation and Bernoulli Equation Viscosity Pressure and Hydrostatic Forces Tank Discharge 2.1-2.4 3.2, 3.3 2.5-2.8 3.4-3.7 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 4.5, 5.1, 5.2 3.4 6.1-6.4 3.7-3.5 5.3-5.7 Week 6 Midterm 1 5
Week Unit Topics Laboratory (White) (Cengel) 7 Kinematics Lagrangian and Eulerian description, flow visualization, vorticity, deformation Calibration: Plate - Orifice 1.11 4.1 4.4 8 Differential Analysis Mass conservation, momentum conservation, Navier Stokes equations, boundary conditions, approximate solutions. CFD 4.1 4.4, 4.6, 4.8 9.1, 9.2, 9.4 9.6 9 10 Dimensional Analysis Dimensional analysis ( Pi -theorem), experimental testing similarity 5.1 5.3, 5.5 7.1 7.4, 7.5 Week 11, Midterm 2 6
Week Unit Topics Laboratory 12 13 14 15 16 Pipe and Open Channel Flow Turbomachinery External Flow (Pipe Flow) Laminar and turbulent flow, pipe problems, Moody diagram. Major and minor losses. (Channel Flow) Uniform flow, specific energy, critical depth and hydraulic jump. Pump characteristics, curves and dimensional analysis. Matching pumps to pipe systems. Introduction to Turbines Boundary layer Drag and Lift Major head losses (week 13) Minor head losses Pump performance curves and similarity rules (White) (Pipe Flow) 6.1 6.4, 6.7, 6.9 Channel Flow 10.1 10.5 (Cengel) (Pipe Flow) 8.1 8.7 Channel Flow 13.1 13.5 11.1 11.6 14.1 14.5 7.1 7.4, 7.6 10.6, 11.1 11.7 Week 17, Final Exam 7