PHYSICS 212 INDUCED VOLTAGES AND INDUCTANCE WORKBOOK ANSWERS

Transcription

1 PHYSICS 212 CHAPTER 20 INDUCED VOLTAGES AND INDUCTANCE WORKOOK ANSWERS STUDENT S FULL NAME (y placing your name above and submitting this for credit you are affirming this to be predominantly your own work.) / / DATE DUE INSTRUCTIONS 1. Turn this workbook in on time for credit, even if it is not complete. (No credit if late.) 2. Complete this workbook neatly. Do not write in ink so that corrections can be made. (Credit will be lost if this is turned in messy.) 3. Complete the chapter outline section as early as possible. Don t wait for the due date to be assigned to start. 4. Complete the sections in sequence. 5. Study and learn definitions of terms, physical quantities, units, principles, and basic equations before attempting problems. 6. You may work on this with other students but do not copy another student s workbook or let a student copy this workbook. Do not copy from other sources either. 7. Wherever possible, include diagrams in your solutions. Diagrams are required. 8. Keep this workbook after it is graded and returned to you. 9. Using the answer key, redo all questions and problems until you can answer them all correctly by yourself without help. 10. Use the workbook to learn the general problem-solving strategy rather than how individual problems are solved. 11. Questions marked (asic) should be answered by students without the need for additional assistance. -1-

2 PHYSICS 212 CHAPTER 20 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS INDUCED VOLTAGES AND INDUCTANCE Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A uniform 4.5-T magnetic field passes perpendicularly through the plane of a wire loop 0.10 m 2 in area. What flux passes through the loop? A. 5.0 T m 2 D T m T m 2 E T m 2 C T m 2 (asic) 2. The units TAm 2 /s are equivalent to: A. W. D. webers.. V. E. F C. N/m. (asic) 3. D 4. A sensitive ammeter is connected to a wire loop and placed within the magnetic field of a strong horseshoe magnet. The ammeter shows a deflection when: A. the wire is moved parallel to the field.. the wire is moved perpendicularly to the field. C. neither wire nor magnet is moving. D. the wire's axis is parallel to the field. E. the wire's axis is perpendicular to the field. According to Lenz's law the direction of an induced current in a conductor will be that which tends to produce which of the following effects? A. enhance the effect which produces it D. oppose the effect which produces it. produce a greater heating effect E. produce the greatest magnetic field C. produce the greatest voltage C 5. "GFI" stands for: A. grand flux indicator. D. gauss-free invention.. ground forcing indicator. E. guided fault isolation. C. ground fault interrupter. (asic) 6. The principle or law that says "an induced emf in a circuit loop produces a current whose magnetic field opposes further change of magnetic flux" is credited to: A. Faraday. D. Volta.. Lenz. E. Maxwell. C. Ampere. (asic) -2-

3 C 7. A coil is placed in a changing magnetic field and an emf is induced. What happens to the induced emf if the rate of change of magnetic field quadruples? A. There is no change. D. The emf increases by a factor of 16.. The emf doubles. E. The emf halves. C. The emf quadruples. 8. The magnet moving past an object will produce eddy currents in the object if the object: A. is magnetic material only. D. is a liquid.. is a conductor. E. is a paramagnetic material only.. C. is an insulator. E 9. The operation of a tape player to play music depends on which of the following? A. the Doppler effect. the Meissner effect C. the photoelectric effect D. the force acting on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field E. induced current from the motion of a magnet past a wire C 10. If the induced current in a wire loop were such that the flux it produces were in the same direction as the change in external flux causing the current, which of the following conservation laws would end up being violated? A. momentum D. angular momentum. charge E. mass C. energy (asic) D 11. The operation of an electric motor depends on which of the following effects? A. the Doppler effect. the Meissner effect C. the photoelectric effect D. the force acting on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field E. current from the motion of a wire in a magnetic field A 12. The basic function of the electric generator is which of the following conversion processes? A. mechanical energy to electrical D. alternating current to direct. electrical energy to mechanical E. direct current to alternating C. low voltage to high or vice versa (asic) 13. The function of the electric motor is which one of the following conversion processes? A. mechanical energy to electrical D. alternating current to direct. electrical energy to mechanical E. direct current to alternating C. low voltage to high or vice versa D 14. The back emf in an electric motor is its maximum value under which condition? A. motor speed is zero D. motor speed is a maximum. current is a maximum E. minimal heating effect C. voltage is a maximum -3-

4 A 15. Electricity may be generated by rotating a loop of wire between the poles of a magnet. The induced current is greatest when: A. the plane of the loop is parallel to the magnetic field.. the plane of the loop is perpendicular to the magnetic field. C. the magnetic flux through the loop is a maximum. D. the plane of the loop makes an angle of 45 with the magnetic field. E. the plane of the loop makes an angle of 60 with the magnetic field. D 16. The "back emf" of a motor refers to a source of voltage that: A. occurs when the motor runs backwards.. occurs when the motor is used as a generator. C. is biggest when the current through the motor is biggest. D. is biggest when the motor turns fastest. E. is biggest when the motor is accelerating. D 17. When a voltage is generated by rotating a coil in a magnetic field at a constant rate, the period of the voltage equals the time that it takes for the coil to rotate through radians. A. 1 D. 2π. π/2 E. π/4 C. π D 18. The self-inductance of a solenoid increases under which of the following conditions? A. only the solenoid length is increased. only the cross sectional area is decreased C. only the number of coils per unit length is decreased D. only the number of coils is increased E. only the solenoid length is decreased 19. y what factor is the self-inductance of an air solenoid changed if only its cross-sectional area, A, is tripled? A. 1/3 D E. 1/9 C. 6 D 20. An inductor, battery, resistance, and ammeter and switch are connected in series. If the switch, initially open, is now closed, what is the current's final value? A. zero D. battery voltage divided by resistance. battery voltage divided by E. resistance times inductance inductance C. battery voltage times inductance A 21. In a circuit made up of inductor, resistance, ammeter, battery and switch in series, at which of the following times after the switch is closed is the rate of current increase greatest? A. zero D. ten time constants. one time constant E. infinity C. reciprocal of one time constant -4-

5 C 22. How is the energy stored in a current-carrying inductor related to its self-inductance, L? A. directly proportional to L 2 D. inversely proportional to L. directly proportional to L 1/2 E. inversely proportional to L 2 C. directly proportional to L A 23. How is the energy stored in a current-carrying inductor related to the current value, I? A. directly proportional to I 2 D. inversely proportional to I. directly proportional to I 1/2 E. inversely proportional to I 2 C. directly proportional to I -5-

6 PHYSICS 212 CHAPTER 20 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS INDUCED VOLTAGES AND INDUCTANCE 1. A uniform magnetic field of 15 G is oriented so that it makes a 20 o angle with the plane of a square loop of wire of area 5.00 cm 2. What is the magnetic flux through this loop? (asic) φ = Acos θ = (15 10 T )(5 10 m ) cos(70 ) φ = wb 2. A rectangular loop is initially held with one edge parallel to a long conducting wire carrying a 12 A current. The loop has an area of 4.00 cm 2 with one edge 3 cm from the wire. What is the induced emf in the loop when it is pulled at.05 m/s parallel to the wire as shown? (asic) As the loop pulled, neither, A nor θ change. Thus φ does not change and the emf is The bar magnet in the diagram is suddenly pulled upward away from the loop. Draw an arrow along the front edge of the loop to indicate the direction of the induced current in the loop. (asic) -6-

7 4. The solenoid has a length of 15 cm and is comprised of 7500 turns of wire. The current to the solenoid is changing steadily from 0 A to 12 A in 15 seconds. The coil inside the solenoid has a radius of 4 cm and is comprised of 250 turns of wire with a net resistance of 3 Ω. The axis of the coil is offset 25 o to the axis of the solenoid. A. What is the induced emf in the coil?. What is the induced current in the coil? C. What is the torque on the coil when the solenoid current is 6A? E = NC φ = φf φi t µ onsis 2 f = S AC cosθ = π rc cosθ l φ φ φ f i φ 7 TM 2 (4π 10 A )(7500)(12 A) π (.04 m) cos(25) = = m = 0 because I is zero 3 ( wb) s E= (250) = s 2 E IC = = = A R 15s 7 Tm µ ons IS (4π 10 A )(7500)(6 A) 1 S = = = T l.15m m = N I A = (250)( A) π (.04 m) = Am C C C C 2 V τ = θ = = mc S sin ( Am )( T ) sin(25 ) Nm wb -7-

8 5. An inductor is 2 cm long, has a radius of.5 cm and is comprised of 75 turns of wire. What is its inductance? (asic) 2 7 Tm 2 2 on A (4π 10 A )(75) π (.005 m) µ L = = l L = H.02m 6. The inductor in problem 5 is connected in series to a 0.5 Ω and a battery whose emf is 24 V. What current flows in this circuit 0.1 seconds after the switch is closed? E 5 Rt / L 24V (.5 Ω )(.1 s) /( H ) I = 1 e = 1 e R.5Ω I = 48.0A -8-

9 7. There are two conducting, parallel rods spaced 10 cm apart. The bottom ends of the rods are connected by a wire with a 2 Ω resistor. A uniform and horizontal magnetic field of 2.25 T is oriented perpendicularly to the plane of the two rods. A small conducting bar of mass 15g is placed across the two vertical rods. This bar is horizontal and slides against the vertical rods without friction. When released the bar falls and reaches a constant speed. What is that speed? F = mg Il sinθ = mg E l = mg R vl l = mg R 2 2 v l = mg R m Rmg (2 Ω)(.015 kg)(9.8 ) v l (2.25 T ) (.1 m) 2 s = = = 5.81 m s -9-

10 8. A conducting loop is pulled away from a current, carrying wire. Show in which direction the induced current will flow around the loop. The current in the long wire produces an outward magnetic field in the vicinity of the loop. As the loop is moved to the right it moves into weaker field strength. This causes the flux to decrease. y Lenz s law an induced current must produce additional flux to offset this decrease. This requires the induced current s magnetic field to point in the same direction as the field from the long wire, outward. To do this the current must flow around the loop in a counter-clockwise direction. -10-

11 PHYSICS 212 CHAPTER 20 PROLEMS INDUCED VOLTAGES AND INDUCTANCE PRACTICE PROLEMS: 6, 8, 16, 19, 27, 29, 36, 41, 55, 59 HOMEWORK PROLEMS: 1, 5, 9, 14, 15, 21, 23, 25, 30, 35, 39, 45, 49 [NOTE: Problem numbers in italic are included in the student study guide; Problem numbers underlined are online at 1. A magnetic field of strength 0.30 T is directed perpendicular to a plane circular loop of wire of radius 25 cm. Find the magnetic flux through the area enclosed by this loop. (asic) The magnetic flux through the area enclosed by the loop is ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 Φ = A cosθ = π r cos 0 = 0.30 T π 0.25 m = T m A long, straight wire lies in the plane of a circular coil with a radius of m. The wire carries a current of 2.0 A and is placed along a diameter of the coil. (a) What is the net flux through the coil? (b) If the wire passes through the center of the coil and is perpendicular to the plane of the coil, find the net flux through the coil. (asic) (a) Every field line that comes up through the area A on one side of the wire goes back down through area A on the other side of the wire. Thus, the net flux through the coil is zero (b) The magnetic field is parallel to the plane of the coil, so θ = Therefore, Φ = A cosθ = A cos 90.0 = 0-11-

12 9. A square, single-turn coil 0.20 m on a side is placed with its plane perpendicular to a constant magnetic field. An emf of 18 mv is induced in the coil winding when the area of the coil decreases at the rate of 0.10 m 2 /s. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field?(asic) From Φ A cosθ = =, we find that t t V = = = cos 0.10 m cos 0 2 ( A t ) θ ( s) 0.18 T 14. A square, single-turn wire loop 1.00 cm on a side is placed inside a solenoid that has a circular cross section of radius 3.00 cm, as shown in Figure P The solenoid is 20.0 cm long and wound with 100 turns of wire. (a) If the current in the solenoid is 3.00 A, find the flux through the loop. (b) If the current in the solenoid is reduced to zero in 3.00 s, find the magnitude of the average induced emf in the loop. Figure P20.14 The initial magnetic field inside the solenoid is 100 = µ 0nI = ( π ) ( ) = m T m A 3.00 A T Φ = cos = T m cos (a) ( )( ) 2 A θ = T m

13 (b) When the current is zero, the flux through the loop is Φ = 0 and the average induced emf has been 7 2 Φ T m 0 = = = t 3.00 s V 15. A 300-turn solenoid with a length of 20 cm and a radius of 1.5 cm carries a current of 2.0 A. A second coil of four turns is wrapped tightly about this solenoid so that it can be considered to have the same radius as the solenoid. Find (a) the change in the magnetic flux through the coil and (b) the magnitude of the average induced emf in the coil when the current in the solenoid increases to 5.0 A in a period of 0.90 s. If the solenoid has current I, the magnetic field inside it is µ 0nI ( 4π 10 = = T m A) I = ( 6.00π 10 T A) I m Φ = ( ) Acosθ (a) 4 2 ( π )( ) π ( ) 2 = T A 5.0 A 2.0 A m cos 0 = T m 6 2 (b) N ( Φ ) 4( T m 2 ) 5 = = = V = t 0.90 s 18 µ V -13-

14 21. An automobile has a vertical radio antenna 1.20 m long. The automobile travels at 65.0 km/h on a horizontal road where the Earth s magnetic field is 50.0 :T, directed toward the north and downwards at an angle of 65.0/ below the horizontal. (a) Specify the direction that the automobile should move in order to generate the maximum motional emf in the antenna, with the top of the antenna positive relative to the bottom. (b) Calculate the magnitude of this induced emf. (a) Observe that only the horizontal component, h, of Earth s magnetic field is effective in exerting a vertical force on charged particles in the antenna. For the magnetic force, F = qv sinθ, on positive charges in the antenna to be directed upward and have maximum m h magnitude (when q =90/), the car should move horizontal component of the magnetic field. toward the east through the northward = l h (b), where is the horizontal component of the magnetic field. h v 6 km m s = ( T) cos65.0 ( 1.20 m) 65.0 h 1 km h = V 23. A bar magnet is positioned near a coil of wire as shown in Figure P What is the direction of the current in the resistor when the magnet is moved (a) to the left? (b) to the right?(asic) Figure P20.23 (a) To oppose the motion of the magnet, the magnetic field generated by the induced current should be directed to the right along the axis of the coil. The current must then be left to right through the resistor. (b) The magnetic field produced by the current should be directed to the left along the axis of the coil, so the current must be right to left right to left through the resistor. -14-

15 25. A rectangular coil with resistance R has N turns, each of length R and width w as shown in Figure P The coil moves into a uniform magnetic field with constant velocity v. What are the magnitude and direction of the total magnetic force on the coil (a) as it enters the magnetic field, (b) as it moves within the field, and (c) as it leaves the field? Figure P20.25 a) After the right end of the coil has entered the field, but the left end has not, the flux through the area enclosed by the coil is directed into the page and is increasing in magnitude. This increasing flux induces an emf of magnitude E ( ) Φ N A = = = Nwv t t in the loop. Note that in the above equation, A is the area enclosed by the coil that enters the field in time t. This emf produces a counterclockwise current in the loop to oppose the increasing inward flux. The magnitude of this current is I = E R = Nwv R. The right end of the loop is now a conductor, of length Nw, carrying a current toward the top of the page through a field directed into the page. The field exerts a magnetic force of magnitude Nwv F = I ( Nw) = ( Nw) = R on this conductor, and hence, on the loop N w v R directed toward the left (b) When the loop is entirely within the magnetic field, the flux through the area enclosed by the loop is constant. Hence, there is no induced emf or current in the loop, and the field exerts zero force on the loop. -15-

16 (c) After the right end of the loop emerges from the field, and before the left end emerges, the flux through the loop is directed into the page and decreasing. This decreasing flux induces an emf of magnitude E = Nwv in the loop, which produces an induced current directed clockwise around the loop so as to oppose the decreasing flux. The current has magnitude I = E R = Nwv R. This current flowing upward, through conductors of total length Nw, in the left end of the loop, experiences a magnetic force given by Nwv F = I ( Nw) = ( Nw) = R N w v R directed toward the left 30. A 100-turn square wire coil of area m 2 rotates about a vertical axis at rev/min, as indicated in Figure P The horizontal component of the Earth s magnetic field at the location of the loop is !5 T. Calculate the maximum emf induced in the coil by the Earth s field. Figure P20.30 max 5 ( )( ) 2 rev 2 π rad 1 min = Nhorizontal Aω = T 0.20 m 1500 min 1 rev 60 s = = V 13 mv 35. In a model AC generator, a 500-turn rectangular coil 8.0 cm by 20 cm rotates at 120 rev/min in a uniform magnetic field of 0.60 T. (a) What is the maximum emf induced in the coil? (b) What is the instantaneous value of the emf in the coil at t = (/32) s? Assume that the emf is zero at t = 0. (c) What is the smallest value of t for which the emf will have its maximum value? -16-

17 rev 1 min 2 π rad rad ω = 120 = 4 π min 60 s 1 rev s and the period is (a) 2π T = = 0.50 s ω max = NAω = 500( 0.60 T) ( m)( 0.20 m) ( 4 π rad s) = 60 V (b) π = max sin ( ωt ) = ( 60 V) sin ( 4 π rad s ) s = 57 V 32 (c) The emf is first maximum at T 0.50 s t = = = s 39. A solenoid of radius 2.5 cm has 400 turns and a length of 20 cm. Find (a) its inductance and (b) the rate at which current must change through it to produce an emf of 75 mv. (asic) (a) 2 0N A µ L = = l ( 7 )( ) 2 4π 10 T m A 400 π ( m) m = = H 2.0 mh (b) From = L I t, ( ) 3 I V = = = 3 t L H 38 A s -17-

18 45. Calculate the resistance in an RL circuit in which L = 2.50 H and the current increases to 90.0% of its final value in 3.00 s. ( ) From I = I e τ, max 1 t If at t = 3.00 s, then e t τ = 1 I I max e 3.00 s τ 3.00 s = or τ = = 1.30 s ln ( ) Since the time constant of an RL circuit is τ = L R, the resistance is L 2.50 H R = = = 1.92 Ω τ 1.30 s 49. A 24-V battery is connected in series with a resistor and an inductor, with R = 8.0 S and L = 4.0 H, respectively. Find the energy stored in the inductor (a) when the current reaches its maximum value and (b) one time constant after the switch is closed. The current in the circuit at time t is PEL = 1 2 LI 2 I = R t τ ( 1 e ) 24 V (a) As t, I Imax = = = 3.0 A, and R 8.0 Ω (b) At t τ, = I I 1 ( ) ( )( ) e = 1 = 3.0 A = 1.9 A max, and the energy stored in the inductor is PE 1 L = 4.0 H 1.9 A = 7.2 J 2 and ( )( ) 2-18-