EIA-EMP Report. For. Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant. Plot No E - 127, Additional Patalganga MIDC, Tal. Panvel,

Transcription

1 EIA-EMP Report For Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant At Plot No E - 127, Additional Patalganga MIDC, Tal. Panvel, Dist. Raigad, and Maharashtra By SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANT AND LABORATORY MITCON CONSULTANCY AND ENGINEERING SERVICES LTD. Environment Management and Engineering Division (NABET accredited consultant organization NABET/EIA/1720/RA 0075) Agriculture College Campus, Shivajinagar, Pune , Tel /407 EME/CS/SMTOCPL/ /112 R00; 05/12/2019 BASELINE PERIOD OCTOBER 2019 TO DECEMBER 2019

2 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd DECLARATION BY EXPERTS INVOLVED IN PREPARATION OF EIA-EMP REPORT E - 127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organics Chemical Pvt. Ltd. I, hereby certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA. EIA Coordinator : Mr. Sanjay Shevkar Signature : Period of Involvement : May 2017 to August 2020 Contact Information : MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd. Environment Management and Engineering Division Agriculture College Campus, Next to DIC Office, Shivaji Nagar, Pune Maharashtra (India) Tel : Fax No. : mitconenviro@gmail.com Functional Area Experts Sr. No. Name of the expert/s 1. Dr. Sandeep Jadhav 2. Mr. Shrikant Kakade Functional Area EB, SC & LU EB Involvement (Period & Task) May 2017 to August 2020, Baseline Survey & preparation of EIA EMP report Study of flora and fauna in the 10 km area/ Interpretation of observations, identification of impact and proposing mitigation measures, preparation of green belt development plan and formulation of EMP. Soil study and data interpretation of laboratory results. Impact predictions and suggesting of mitigation measures. Identification of Land use of the surrounding area and preparation of Land use Land cover map and identify impacts and suggest mitigation measures for the same. May 2017 to August 2020, Baseline Survey & preparation of EIA EMP Study of flora and fauna in the 10 km area/ Interpretation of observations, identification of impact and proposing mitigation measures, preparation of Signature i MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

3 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd 3. Dr. Hemangi Nalavade 4. Mr. Nikhil Chavan 5. Mr. Santosh Gupta 6. Mr. Sanjay Shevkar 7. Mr. Ganesh Khamgal 8. Mr. Pratik Deshpande 9. Mr. Aditya Athavale green belt development plan and formulation of EMP. Writing, inputs Water & social aspects AQ January 2018 to August 2020 Study of air pollution sources, meteorological condition, air quality modelling. Solid waste generation and it sources, observations, identification of impact, data interpretation and proposing mitigation measures. N April 2018 to August 2020 Identification of Noise Pollution, identification of impact if any and proposing mitigation measures SHW & RH June 2019 to August 2020 Identification of Pollution source, identification of impact if any and proposing mitigation measures Identification of risk, impacts& HAZOP study AP, WP May 2017 to August 2020 Identification of air and wastewater sources, emission generation, observations, identification of impact if any and proposing mitigation measures SE January 2018 to till date Data collection, interpretation and impact assessment AQ & HG June 2019 to August 2020 Study of air pollution sources, meteorological condition, air quality modelling. Review and observation of hydrology in the 10 km radius of the project area, data collection and interpretation; identification of impact and formulation of EMP. HG & Geo Jan 2020 to August 2020 Review and observation of hydrology and geology in the 10 km radius of the project area, data collection and interpretation; identification of impact and formulation of EMP. ii MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

4 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization I, Dr. Sandeep Jadhav (Senior Vice President & Head, EME Division) hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts involved in Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed manufacturing unit for E-127, Tal.- Khalapur, Dist.- Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organics Chemical Pvt. Ltd. I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement. Signature: Name Designation EIA Consultant Organization Dr. Sandeep Jadhav Senior Vice President & Head, EME Division MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd iii MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

5 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd NABET Accreditation Certificate iv MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

6 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd v MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

7 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd Contents CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Introduction Identification of Project and Project Proponent EIA Consultant Brief Description of Project Nature and Size of Project Location of Project Applicable Environmental Acts and Rules Objectives and Scope of the Study The Steps in EIA Scope of EIA... 5 CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION Type of Project Need for the project Location details of the Project Land Details Project Description with Process Details Formaldehyde Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) [Liquid Resin] AND/OR Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) [Powder Resin] Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Liquid resin) AND/OR Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Powder resin) Resource requirement Chemical requirement Product Details Power Requirement Fuel Requirement Water requirement Manpower Requirement Utilities Details List of Machinery and Equipment Environmental Aspects Project Implementation Schedule...46 vi MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

8 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd 2.8 Assessment of New & Untested Technology Estimated Project Cost...47 CHAPTER III: Description of the Environment Baseline Environmental Study...48 Study area...49 Physiography Geology Hydrology Topography Digital Elevation Model...55 Land use pattern Land Cover of the study area...57 Seismology...60 Climatic Condition and Meteorology Methodology Average Meteorological Condition (Source: IMD) Temperature Relative Humidity Precipitation Wind Speed and Wind Direction...63 Ambient Air Quality...65 Ambient Noise Level...71 Water Quality Surface Water Ground water sampling location and frequency...79 Soil Environment...82 Ecology Biodiversity Karnala Wild Life Sanctuary...90 Socio-economic Environment Demography of the Taluka Health Status Cultural and aesthetic attributes Infrastructure resource base Existing Industries in the Study Area Conclusion vii MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

9 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd CHAPTER IV: Anticipated Environment Impact and Mitigation Measures Introduction Identification of the Impact Evaluation of Impacts Identification of Project Specific Impacts during Construction and Operation Phase During construction and commissioning phase Impacts on Land/ Soil Environment Impacts on Air Quality Impacts on Noise Quality Impacts on water quality Impacts on Ecological Environment Impacts on Social environment During Operation Phase Impact on Land/ Soil Environment Impacts on Ambient Air Environment Impact on Traffic Density Impact on Noise Environment Impact on Water Environment Impact on Ecological Environment Impact on Socio-Economic Environment Summary of Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures Conclusion CHAPTER V: Analysis of Alternatives Introduction Site Alternatives Technology Alternatives Conclusion CHAPTER VI: Environment Monitoring Program Importance of Environment Monitoring Objective of Monitoring Plan Environment Aspects to be monitored Ambient Air and Stack Monitoring Water and Waste Water Quality Solid and Solid/Hazardous Waste Noise Monitoring Environment Monitoring Plan viii MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

10 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage Monitoring during Project Operation Phase Monitoring Methodologies Reporting and documentation Formulation of Environment Management Cell (EMC) Budgetary Provision for Environment Management Conclusion CHAPTER VII: Additional Studies Public Consultation Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan (R and R Plan) Risk Assessment and HAZOP Study Scope of Work Methodology Site Activity Identification of Hazards Hazardous Chemicals Relative Ranking Dow F and E Index Mond Index Compatibility/ Reactivity Hazard Transformation Hazards Preliminary Hazard Analysis HAZOP Study Nodes: Identification of hazards by HAZOP Study under following nodes: Modes Identified Hazards HAZOP Study Highlights Consequence Analysis Introduction Maximum Credible Loss Scenario (MCLS) Worst Possible Scenario Results Failure Frequency Analysis Event Tree Impact Assessment Toxicity Impact Thermal Radiation Impact IMPACT Over Pressure Impact Risk Estimation Individual Risk ix MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

11 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd Societal Risk Risk Mitigation Measures On-Site Disaster Management Plan Off-Site Disaster Management Plan General Disaster Management Plan CHAPTER VIII: Project Benefits Proponent approach towards the Project Project Benefits Improvements in the physical infrastructure Employment Potential Conclusion CHAPTER IX: Environment Cost benefits Analysis Environmental Benefits Conclusion CHAPTER X: Environment Management Plan Introduction Environment Management Plan during Construction Phase Site Preparation Noise Construction Equipment and Waste Site Security Environment Management Plan for Operation Phase Air Pollution Management Noise Pollution Management Water and Waste Water Management Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Tertiary Treatment Sludge Dewatering Unit Solid Hazardous Waste Management Green Belt Development Rain Water Harvesting Plan Occupational health and safety Socio-Economic Development Environment Management Cell (EMC) Post Clearance Monitoring Protocol Environment Management Plan Implementation Schedule x MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

12 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd 10.7 Environment Management Cost Conclusion CHAPTER XI: Summary and Conclusion Salient Features of the Project Project Description Size and Magnitude of the Operation Environment Setting Pertaining to Site Manufacturing Process Formaldehyde Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) [Liquid Resin] AND/OR Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) [Powder Resin] Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Liquid resin) AND/OR Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Powder resin) Description of Environment Anticipated Environmental Impacts Alternative Site Analysis Environmental Monitoring Additional Studies Project and Environmental Cost Benefits Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Conclusion CHAPTER XII: Disclosure of Consultant Background of the Organization Environmental Management and Engineering Division (EME) NABET Accreditation Key Personnel s Engaged in Preparation of EIA Report xi MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

13 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd List of Tables Table 1.2: EIA Structure... 5 Table 2.1: Area Statement Table 2.2: Magnitude of Project Operation Table 2.3: Raw material requirement for formaldehyde Table 2.4: Material Balance UF Resin Liquid and MF Resin Liquid Table 2.5: Material Balance UF Resin Powder and MF Resin Powder Table 2.6: Material Balance PF Resin Liquid and PF Resin Powder Table 2.7: Details of raw material (product wise) requirements Table 2.8: Details of product and its storage Table 2.9: Fuel Consumption Table 2.10: Water Balance Table 2.11: Description of manpower required during operation phase Table 2.12: Stack Details Table 2.13: List of machinery and equipment Table 2.13: Summary of anticipated waste emissions and its disposal Table 2.14: Environment Management Cost Table 3.1: Environmental Parameter and Frequency of Monitoring Table 3.2: Environmental setting Table 3.3: Land use Land Cover Statistics of the Study Area Table 3.4: Average of meteorological data Table 3.5: Average of the Site Specific Meteorological Data (October 2019 to December 2019) Table 3.6: Methodology for AAQM Table 3.7: Air sampling locations Table 3.8: Ambient Air analysis results Table 3.9: Noise Level Monitoring Locations Table 3.10: Results of noise monitoring Table 3.11: National Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Table 3.12: Surface water sampling locations Table 3.13: Surface Water Quality Results Table 3.14: Ground water sampling locations Table 3.15: Results of ground water sampling Table 3.16: Soil sampling locations Table 3.17: Results of soil sampling Table 3.18: List of Crops recorded during the survey period Table 3.19: List of Tree Species recorded in the study area during Study Table 3.20: List of Bird Species recorded in the study area during Study Table 3.21: List of Prominent Mammal Species recorded in the study area during Study Table 3.22: List of Trees, Shrubs, Climbers and Herbs reported at Karnala Bird Sanctuary 91 Table 3.23: List of Birds reported in Karnala Bird Sanctuary Table 3.24: List of Prominent Mammals found in Karnala Bird Sanctuary Table 3.25: Village s wise demography at a glance within 10 km Study Area xii MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

14 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd Table 4.1: Environmental parameter for impact identification Table 4.2: Construction and Commission phase impact assessment Table 4.3: Impact Prediction and proposed mitigation measures for land environment Table 4.4: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation measures for air environment Table 4.5: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for noise environment Table 4.6: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for water environment Table 4.7: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for ecological environment Table 4.8: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for social environment Table 4.9: Operation phase impact assessment Table 4.10: Impact Prediction and Proposed Mitigation measures for land/ Soil Environment Table 4.11: Impact Prediction ad Proposed Mitigation measures for Air Environment Table 4.12: Stack Height Details Table 4.13: Impact Prediction and Proposed mitigation measures for Noise Environment Table 4.14 Results of Noise Modelling Table 4.15: Impact Prediction and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Environment Table 4.16: Identification of Impacts and Mitigation measures for Ecological Environment Table 4.17: Identification of Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Socio-Economic Environment Table 4.18: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring during Project Construction Stage Table 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Schedule during Operation Phase Table 6.3: Methodology of environmental monitoring Table 6.4: Implementation Plan to Mitigate Environmental Impact Table 7.1: List of Products for Environmental Clearance Table 7.2: Details of Hazardous Waste Table 7.3: Flammability Hazard Material Table 7.4: Toxicity Hazard Table 7.5: Reactivity Hazard Table 7.6: Applicability of MSIHC Rules Table 7.7: DOW F and E Index Table 7.8: Mond Index Table 7.9 : Compatibility/ Reactivity Hazard Chart Table 7.10: Transformation, if any which could occur Table 7.11: Transformation/ Decomposition/ Combustion Product Table 7.12 : Solvent Hazards Table 7.13: Nodes of HAZOP Study Table 7.14: Identified Hazards Table 7.15: Down Wind Affect Distance Table 7.16: Down Wind Affect Distance Table 7.17: Event Failure Frequency xiii MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

15 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd Table 7.18: Effects of Formaldehyde in humans after short-term exposure Table 7.19: Fatal Thermal Radiation Exposure Levels Table 7.20: Effects of Thermal Radiation on Unprotected Skin Table 7.21: Effect of Blast Pressure Wave Table 7.22: Individual Fatality Criteria Table 7.23: Individual Risk Results Table 10.1: Utility emission Table 10.2: Fugitive emissions Table 10.3: Solid Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal Table 10.4: Planned Schedule for Green Belt Development Table 10.5: List of Plant Species for Plantations Table 10.6: Incremental Run off due to project development Table 10.7: CER Activity Action Plan Table 10.8: Environment Monitoring Cell and its responsibilities Table 10.9: EMP Implementation phases during Construction Table 10.10: EMP Implementation phases during Operation Phase Table 10.11: EMP Cost Bifurcation Table 11.1: Project Description in Brief Table 11.2: Environment setting pertaining to the Site Table 11.3: Frequency of primary data collection and its results Table 11.4 : Environment Management Plan during Construction and Operation Phase Table 12.1 : Experts engaged in preparation of EIA Report xiv MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

16 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd List of Figures Figure 2.1: Pie Charts showing demand and supply of formaldehyde in Asia and World Figure 2.2: Location of project Figure 2.3: Google Image with Geographical Coordinates Figure 2.4: Photographs of Proposed Site Figure 2.5: Plant Layout Figure 2.6: Material Balance of Formaldehyde Figure 2.7: Chemical Reaction between Urea and Formaldehyde Figure 2.8: Chemical Reaction between Melamine and Formaldehyde Figure 2.9: Material Balance of Urea Formaldehyde (UF) Liquid Resin Figure 2.10: Material Balance of Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) Liquid resin Figure 2.11 : Atomize spray drying Figure 2.12: Material Balance of Urea Formaldehyde (UF) Powder resin Figure 2.13: Material Balance of Melamine Formaldehyde (UF) Powder resin Figure 2.14: Material Balance diagram of PF (Liquid resin) Figure 2.15: Material Balance diagram of PF (Powder resin) Figure 2.16: Water balance diagram Figure 3.1: Toposheet of the 10 km study area Figure 3.2: Satellite image of the 10 km study area Figure 3.3: Drainage pattern of 10 km Study Area Figure 3.4: Digital elevation of 10 km study area Figure 3.5: LULC map of 10 km study area Figure 3.6: Seismic zone map Figure 3.7: Annual Wind rose of Colaba, Mumbai Figure 3.8: Wind rose diagram for October 2019 to December Figure 3.8: AAQ sampling locations Figure 3.9: Results of PM2.5 in µg/m Figure 3.10: Results of PM10 in µg/m Figure 3.11: Results of SO2 in µg/m Figure 3.12: Results of NOx in µg/m Figure 3.13: Noise level monitoring locations Figure 3.14: Graphical representation of Ambient Noise Monitoring Results Figure 3.15: Water sampling location Figure 3.16: Soil sampling location Figure 3.17: Glimpses of the Project Site Figure 3.18: Glimpses of Flora during the site visit Figure 3.19: Map of Karnala Bird Sanctuary Figure 3.20: Village Map of 10 km Study Area Figure 4.1: Spatial distribution of 24-hour average PM10 conc. ( g/m 3 ) Figure 4.2: Spatial distribution of 24-hour average PM2.5 conc. ( g/m 3 ) Figure 4.3: Spatial distribution of 24-hour average SO2 conc. ( g/m 3 ) Figure 4.4: Spatial distribution of 24-hour average NOx conc. ( g/m3) Figure Noise level Contour Map Figure 4.6: ETP-STP Flow Diagram xv MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

17 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd Figure 6.1: Environment Management Cell Figure 7.1: Event Tree Figure 7.2: Event Tree Analysis Figure 7.3: Marplot: Vulnerable Zone: Formaldehyde Spill Figure 7.4: Marplot: Vulnerable Zone: Formaldehyde Spill Figure 7.5: Marplot: Vulnerable Zone: Methanol Spill Figure 7.6: Marplot: Vulnerable Zone: Formaldehyde Spill Figure 7.7: Site Surrounding MIDC Area Figure 7.8: On-Site Disaster Control Plan Figure 10.1: Rainwater Harvesting and Storm Water Drainage Plan Figure 10.2: Environment Monitoring Cell Figure 11.1: Material Balance Diagram of Formaldehyde Figure 11.2 : Chemical Reaction of UF and MF (Liquid Resin) AND/OR UF and MF (Powder Resin) Figure 11.3: Process flow sheet of PF (Liquid resin) AND/OR PF (Powder resin) xvi MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

18 Proposed Synthetic Organic Manufacturing Plant at Additional Patalganga MIDC, plot no. E-127, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure I: TOR Letter Annexure II: Wildlife Conservation Plan Annexure III: On-site Disaster Management Plan Annexure IV: Off-site Disaster Management Plan Annexure V: MSDS of Products. Annexure VI: HAZOP and Risk Assessment Report xvii MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

19 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION This chapter is intended to give Identification of project & project proponent, brief description of nature, size and location of the project, importance of project to the region and country including scope and overview of EIA report. 1.1 Introduction SMT Organics Chemical Pvt. Ltd. (SMTOCPL), is proposing to set up a new Synthetic Organic Chemicals manufacturing facility at plot no. E-127, Additional Patalganga MIDC, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra. Prior Environmental Clearance (PEC) is mandated by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) vide EIA Notification SO 1533, of Sept 14, 2006 and its amendments. This project falls under category A, item no. 5(f): Synthetic Organic Chemicals, as general conditions apply. To initiate the PEC process, ToR application (Form I), PFR and proposed TOR were submitted to the MoEFCC on 9 th May MoEFCC granted ToR vide letter no. No. IA-J-11011/145/2016-IA-II (I) dated 11 th May 2017, Annexure I. This EIA report has been prepared on the basis of ToR granted by MoEFCC. ToR has been granted for production of 7 different products in combination of total capacity namely 1. Formaldehyde and 2. Hexamine or 3. Urea Formaldehyde& Melamine Formaldehyde (Liquid/ Powder Resin) or 4. Phenol Formaldehyde (Liquid/Powder resin) or 5. Silver refining or 6. Urea Formaldehyde Concentrate or 7. Methylal (99.5%) However, Company is now proposing to produce only four products in combination namely 1. Formaldehyde (37% to 55% Concentration) 2. Urea Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid 3. Melamine Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid 4. Phenol Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid. Hence, this report has been prepared considering the above 4 products only. 1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. a sister company of Sunita Commercials Pvt. Ltd. is in the process of setting up a Formaldehyde unit located in the outskirts of Mumbai, India. The company also plans to manufacture derivative products of formaldehyde. The company is already into sales and 1 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

20 distribution of Formaldehyde, Methanol, Melamine and Urea for the last 20 years. It represents many reputed chemical manufacturers such as Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Gujarat State Fertilizers Corporation, Gujarat Narmada Fertilizers Corporation, Atul Ltd. etc. A humble beginning made with Formaldehyde as prime product with turnover of around Rs. 5 million per annum has gone up to over Rs million, with a diverse range of industrial chemicals mainly Methanol, Melamine, formaldehyde, T.G. Urea, Gum Rosin, Cyclohexanone, Maleic Anhydride, Paraformaldehyde, Caprolactam and Phenol. This span of merely 20 years has changed Sunita Commercials and its group of companies dramatically as a leading chemicals importer & distributor in India with ever-expanding actual user base. 1.3 EIA Consultant MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., is a rapidly growing, an ISO certified Consultancy Company, promoted by ICICI, IDBI, IFCI, and state corporations of Maharashtra and public commercial banks. It was founded in 1982; with Head Office at Pune and with supporting offices spread over entire country including Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Chandigarh, and Ahmadabad etc. With experience, expertise and track record developed over last almost three decades, MITCON provides diverse range of macro and micro consultancy services in the areas of Environment Management and Engineering (EME), Energy Efficiency, Biomass and Co-gen power, Agricultural Business and Bio-technology, Infrastructure, Market Research, Banking Finance and Securitization, Micro Enterprise Development, IT Training and Education. EME division of MITCON serves to various sectors like GIS and RS, solid waste, infrastructure, power, sugar, engineering, chemical, real estate etc. MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd. is accredited from National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET), Quality Council of India for the EIA consultancy services in 16 sectors. 1.4 Brief Description of Project Nature and Size of Project SMTOCPL has proposed to have manufacturing facilities for various chemicals such as Formaldehyde (37% to 55% Concentration), Urea Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid, Melamine Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid, Phenol Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid with a total manufacturing capacity of 2,13,077 MTPY. 2 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

21 According to the EIA Notification 2006 and amendments thereof, the general condition states that any project or activity specified in Category B will be appraised at the central level as category A if located, in whole or in part, within 5 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972). Since Karnala Bird Wildlife sanctuary falls at a distance of 2.3 km from the project site, the proposed project will be appraised by EAC (Ind 2), MoEFCC, New Delhi (Category A) Location of Project The proposed project is located at Plot No E-127, Additional Patalganga MIDC, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra. The Geographical location of this plot is at 18 51'17.40"N Latitude and 73 09'45.40"E Longitude with an elevation of 10 m above MSL. This site falls within Additional Patalganga MIDC. MIDC letter is attached as Annexure II. Land is flat terrain and the ownership is with project proponent. 1.5 Applicable Environmental Acts and Rules As per the notification, proposed project falls under Activity 5 (f) cat. A Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes and dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) The following are some other acts and rules related to environment which will be applicable for the proposed project The Forest (Conservation) act 1980, amended 1988 The Wildlife Protection Act 1972, Amendment, 2002 The Biological Diversity Act 2002 Ozone depleting substances regulation and control rules 2000 EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006 and its sub sequent amendments In addition to the above mentioned acts and rules, some of the rules which are of importance in context with this assignment include The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 and amendment rules 2010 The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000 Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) Rules, 2013 Plastic Waste Management & Handling Rules 2016 Plastic Waste (M & H)Rules, MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

22 Plastic Waste (M & H)Amendment Rules, 2011 Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 E-Waste Management Rules 2016 E-Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Contract Labour Act, 1970 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1996 along with Rules, 1988 Children (Pledging of Labour) Act, 1933 (as amended in 2002) Fire Safety Act, 2002 Disaster Management Act, Objectives and Scope of the Study The baseline studies required for EIA report has been conducted as per the ToR granted by letter no. No.IA-J-11011/145/2016-IA-II (I) dated 11th May 2017 (Annexure I). Detailed baseline study was undertaken during the month of 1st October to 31st December The objective of the study is to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed project, to meet the environmental compliances laid down by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate change (MoEFCC), Government of India. The objectives of the EIA study can be summarized as follows: To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the proposed project. To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the Project surroundings, To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts expected to arise during the construction and operation phase of the Project in relation to the sensitive receptors, To develop mitigation measures so as to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance during construction and operation of the proposed project, To design and specify the monitoring and auditing requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted The Steps in EIA Collection of baseline data on water, air, noise, biological & socio-economic status, existing roads and railway lines, water bodies and ecological sensitive areas in the project region. 4 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

23 Identification of potential impacts on various environmental components due to activities envisaged during preconstruction, construction, and operational phases of the proposed developments. Prediction and evaluation of significant impacts on the major environmental components. Preparation of environmental impact assessment statement based on identification, prediction, and evaluation of impacts. De-lineation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining preventive and control strategies for minimizing adverse environmental impacts. With above view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to proposed project, the project proponent appointed MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd, Pune to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment and prepare a detailed environmental management plan to mitigate the adverse impacts. The baseline data collected in post - monsoon season i.e. for the period 1 st October 2019 to 31 st December 2019 for air, noise, water, land, biological and socioeconomic environment and presented in this report. Final EIA report has been prepared in accordance with the granted TOR issued and as per the generic structure of the EIA mentioned in EIA notification dated 14 th September 2006 and its subsequent amendments. The structure of EIA is given in Table 1.2 Table 1.2: EIA Structure Chapter No. Chapters Name I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Introduction Project Description Description of the Environment Anticipated Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) Environmental Monitoring Program Additional Studies Project Benefits Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Summary & Conclusion Disclosure of Consultant engaged Scope of EIA The scope of study would be as per the EIA guidelines outlined by the MoEFCC for synthetic organic chemical industry projects and it will include detailed characterization of existing status 5 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

24 of environment in an area of 10 km radial distance from the boundary of the project site for various environmental components viz., air, noise, water, soil, land, biological and socio-economic components including parameters of human interest as per the model TOR. A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE Sr. No. Awarded ToR s Compliance 1. Executive Summary It is attached as a separate report to the EIA/ EMP report. 2. Introduction i. Details of the EIA Consultant MITCON Consultancy and Engineering including NABET accreditation Services Ltd., is a NABET accredited consultant organization A ii. Information about the project proponent iii. Importance and benefits of the project 3. Project Description i. Cost of project and time of completion. ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project. iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with 6 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd. (NABET/EIA/1720/RA0075). Refer Chapter No. 1 Section 1.2 Identification of project & project proponent Please refer Chapter No. 8 Project Benefits Cost: 15.5 Cr. Completion Period : 12 months from date of grant of Environmental Clearance For details Please refer Chapter No.2 Section 2.4 Product Details Sr. Product Name No. Productio n Capacity (MT/A) 36, Formaldehyde (37% to 55% Concentration) AND 2A Urea Formaldehyde (UF) 31,304 & Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (Liquid Resin)AND/OR 2B Urea Formaldehyde (UF) 15,652 & Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (Powder Resin) 3A Phenol Formaldehyde 86,747 (PF) (Liquid resin) AND/OR 3B Phenol Formaldehyde 43,374 (PF) (Powder resin) TOTAL 213,077 Not Applicable

25 capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any. iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation. v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management. vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract) viii. Process description along with major equipment s and machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from raw material to products to be provided ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. x. Expansion/modernization proposals: c. Copy of all the Environmental Not applicable Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy Please refer chapter No. 2 Section 2.5 resource requirement, sub section chemical requirement Table no Major raw materials and its storage & transportation Please refer Chapter No. 2 Section 2.5 Resource requirement, sub section chemical requirement Particulate Matter (PM), SO2 & NOx are main pollutants being/to be emitted from stacks. No process emission is generated. (1 Boiler with adequate 48 m stack height) Process effluent generation approx. 17 CMD and domestic wastewater of approx KLD will be treated in 15 CMD ETP cum STP. Details of hazardous waste management has been given in Chapter 4 Section Water Requirement: The total water requirement is about 305 m 3 /day for domestic, process, cooling and gardening purpose (Source MIDC) Power: 890 kw (Source MSEDCL grid) Man Power : During construction: 50 nos. During operation: 20 Nos. For please refer chapter No. 2 Section 2.5 for details of Resource requirements. Please refer Chapter 2 section 2.4 project description with processes details HAZOP study and Risk Assessment report has been attached as Annexure VI. 7 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

26 of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing /existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the. d. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/ No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY ) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4. Site Details i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/ Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10 km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Not Applicable Please refer Chapter 2 Section 2.3 Location of the project. Map of study area of 10 km radius marked on toposheet is given in Chapter No. 3, Figure No. 3.1 Environmental Setting Refer Table No Environmental Setting Analysis for selection of site information is given in Chapter No. 5. As the project is located in MIDC no alternative sites are considered. 8 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

27 iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. v. Google map-earth downloaded of the project site. vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/estate/complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. viii. Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc. shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10 km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area x. Geological features and Geohydrological status of the study area shall be included. xi. Details of Drainage of the project up to 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all corners of the site are A: 18 51'19.21"N, 73 9'44.88"E B: 18 51'18.29"N, 73 9'46.59"E C: 18 51'16.23"N, 73 9'45.74"E D: 18 51'16.98"N, 73 9'44.00"E Please refer Chapter No. 2 Figure No. 2.3 Google Image of the Study Area Please refer Chapter No. 2, Figure No Plant Layout. Please refer chapter 2, Figure 2.4. photographs of proposed project site Please refer chapter 3, section 3.4 land use pattern, land cover of the study area Refer chapter 3, section 3.13 existing industries in the study area Please refer chapter no. 3, section 3.3 physiography, sub section geology, hydrology and topography Please refer chapter no. 3, section 3.3 physiology, sub section hydrology figure no. 3.3 drainage map of the study area 9 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

28 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy 5. Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable) i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Wardenthereon v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of The total land is in possession with management The site is within the Additional Patalganga MIDC Area. Not applicable as the site is within the Additional Patalganga MIDC area. Please refer chapter no. 3, section 3.4 land use pattern, land cover of the study area. Not applicable The Wild Life Conservation Plan has been attached as Annexure II. The Wild Life Conservation Plan has been attached as Annexure II. 10 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

29 Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6. Environmental Status i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details. Not Applicable Please refer chapter no. 3 section 3.6 climatic condition & meteorology Please refer chapter no. 3 section 3.7 ambient air quality. Please refer chapter no. 3 section 3.7 ambient air quality Please refer chapter no. 3, section 3.9 water quality, sub section surface water. No. 11 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

30 vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the study area. Please refer chapter 3, section 3.9 water quality, sub section ground water Please refer chapter 3, section 3.8 ambient noise monitoring Please refer chapter 3, section 3.10 soil environment Please refer chapter 4, sub section impact on traffic density Please refer 3, section 3.11 ecology biodiversity, sub sections Please refer chapter 3, section 3.12 socioeconomic environment 7. Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level Impact assessment of all sources of emissions concentration of pollutants (including transportation) on the AAQ of the from the stack emission based area have been assessed and described in on site-specific meteorological Chapter IV features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific Sub Section Impacts on Air Quality during Construction phase Table No Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for air environment during terrain characteristics for construction phase. determining the potential Sub Section Impacts on Air Quality impacts of the project on the during Operation phase AAQ. Cumulative impact of all Table No Impact prediction and sources of emissions (including proposed mitigation majors for Air transportation) on the AAQ of Environment during Operation phase. the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, 12 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

31 habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or convey or cum- rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under EPA Rules. v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards vi. Measures for fugitive emission control vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. Not Applicable There will be no negative impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment. All product and raw material transportation will be done by national highways MIDC road and other pucca road. Transportation of products and raw material will be done by Trucks. Please refer chapter 4 Sub section impacts on water environment during construction phase Table 4.6. Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for water environment during construction phase Sub section impacts on water environment during operation phase Table impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for water environment during operation phase Figure 4.6 ETP-STP hydraulic flow diagram Details of stack emissions and control measures are given in Chapter 4 Please refer chapter. 4 and chapter 10 sub section air pollution management Table no fugitive emissions There will be negligible non-hazardous solid waste generation and it will sent to authorized recycler. Hazardous waste will be ETP Sludge (50 MT/month) will be send to CHWTSDF facility (TMWM). Other Hazardous waste such as Spent Oil (30 L/Month) will be used as lubrication within the premises and excess will be sold to authorized recyclers, whereas Discarded bags (2,60,000 nos./month), Wastes/ Residue containing Oil (0.2 MT/Month) & Spent Resin (3 KL/Month) will be sold off as scrap. Old Catalysts (50 kgs/month) will be regenerated within the premises. 13 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

32 viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included. xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted. xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8. Occupational health i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers Not applicable Please refer Chapter 10, Sub Section Greenbelt development Please refer Chapter 10, Sub Section Rainwater Harvesting Plan The approximate cost for the EMP will be Rs. 143 Lakhs and Recurring Cost per annum will be Rs. 22 Lakhs Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring is given in detail in chapter No. 6 Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Manmade) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan has been attached as Annexure III & IV. Please refer chapter 10 Sub section Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). Initial fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers. 14 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

33 ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during preplacement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analysed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9. Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the Please refer Chapter No. 10 Sub Section Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Not applicable Annual report of health status of workers will be submitted in the six monthly compliance reports after the accord of EC as it is a new project. No, currently the factory does not have approved Environment Policy; however company shall be planning the same. Company shall be planning to develop environmental policy and ensures, environment policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions Hierarchical system of the company deal with the environmental issues is given in Chapter MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

34 environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) Adequate funds (at least 2.0 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/atr to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13. 'A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR. 14. The ToRs prescribed shall be valid for a period of three years for submission of the s. Figure Environment Monitoring Cell Table Environment Monitoring Cell and its responsibilities The company deal with the environmental issues is given in Chapter 10 Figure Environment Monitoring Cell Table Environment Monitoring Cell and its responsibilities Section 10.4 Environment Management Cell (EMC) Facilities during construction and operation such as clean water for washing the hands, sanitation facility and clean-up after work, Clean area for eating and taking rest shall be provided. Please refer Chapter No. 10 Sub section socioeconomic development Proposed CER activities: Table 10.7.CER activity action plan No Point-wise compliance of the ToR has been given in the tabular form. Noted 16 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

35 B. SPECIFIC TOR Sr. No. Awarded TOR s Compliance i. Details on solvents to be used, measures for solvent recovery and for emission control. ii. iii. iv. Details of process emissions from the proposed unit and its arrangement to control Ambient air quality data should include VOC, etc. Work zone arrangements for hazardous chemicals v. Detailed effluent treatment scheme including segregation of effluent streams for units adopting Zero liquid discharge vi. Action plan for odour control to be submitted vii. A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed with cement manufacturers indicating clearly that they co-process organic solid/ hazardous waste generated. viii. Authorization/Membership for the disposal of liquid effluent in CETP and solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if any. ix. Action plan for utilization of MEE/ dryer salts. x. Material safety Data sheet for all chemicals being used/ will be used. xi. Authorization/ Membership for the disposal of solid/ hazardous waste in TSDF are being used/ will be used xii. Authorization/ Membership for the disposal of solid/ hazardous waste in TSDF. xiii. Risk Assessment for storage and handling of hazardous chemicals/ solvents. Action plan for handling & safety system to be incorporated. xiv. Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of workers engaged in handling of toxic materials. Please refer Chapter No. 2, Section 2.5 Resource Requirement, Chemical Requirement Please refer Chapter No. 2, Section 2.4 Project Description with Processes Details AAQ monitoring data has been discussed in Chapter 3 subsection 3.9 Not Applicable Please refer Chapter No. 4, Sub Section Impacts on Water Environment, Table No Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for Water Environment. Please refer Figure No. 4.5 for Composition of waste water generated and ETP-STP hydraulic flow diagram. Please refer Chapter 4, Section for mitigation measures due to Odour. MoU with CHWTSDF is under process MoU with CHWTSDF is under process MEE/ dryer salts will be sold to authorised recycler. Attached as Annexure V. MoU with CHWTSDF is under process MoU with CHWTSDF is under process Please refer HAZOP and Risk Assessment report attached as Annexure VI. Please refer to Chapter 7 section for HAZOP Study and detailed HAZOP and Risk Assessment report attached as Annexure VI. 17 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

36 C. ADDITIONAL TOR Sr. No. Awarded TOR s Compliance i. Public Hearing to be conducted and issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent on the same should be included in EIA/ EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made. Not Applicable, Project site is located in Notified MIDC area. ii. ZLD system to be adopted. Schematic layout of ZLD system has been shown in Figure 4.6 iii. A copy of application seeking NBWL permission w.r.t. Karnala Bird Wildlife Sanctuary to be submitted. Not Applicable As per the recent OM dated , F.No.22-43/2018-IA.III for consideration of the project located within 10 km national park and wildlife sanctuary point 4. II; Project located outside the stipulated boundary limit of notified ESZ and located within the 10 km of National Park/ Wildlife sanctuary, prior Environmental clearance from standing committee of the National Board for wildlife may not be applicable. 18 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

37 CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION This chapter furnishes detail information on project type, its need, location, size/magnitude, technology and process. It also gives details on complete of the project its description, operating conditions and implementation schedule. 2.1 Type of Project SMT Organic Chemicals Private Limited is proposing to set up Organic Manufacturing unit at Plot No.E-127 Additional Patalganga MIDC, Khalapur, Dist. Raigad Maharashtra. The said unit is designed to manufacture various chemicals like Formaldehyde (37%), Urea Formaldehyde (UF) & Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (Liquid Resin) / (Powder Resin), Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Liquid resin) / (Powder resin). 2.2 Need for the project The proposed products have wide applications in different types of industries. The products have direct use and also as raw materials. Looking to the increasing need of the proposed products in domestic and national market and International and we have large number of customers we have planned to manufacture these chemicals. The unit is being set up to increase domestic market share as well as international market share. The new project is expected to have 90% domestic sales and 10% export sales which will also generate foreign revenues. Additional government revenue expected from royalty, taxes, duties and other fees. SMTOCPL is an employee friendly organization and it has discharged its social commitments to the fullest ever since its inception. SMTOCPL will encourage the employees to educate their children and will evolve several schemes to promote education amongst the children of the employees. It is expected that the proposed project will require about 20 additional staff and will provide direct employment to skilled workforce and indirect employment (transport, services deliveries etc.) to semi-skilled and unskilled workers. Thus, the project will have numerous induced impacts on society by generating employment opportunity and will lead to improvement in the social infrastructure in the region. 19 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

38 Formaldehyde (CH 2O) is the simplest and most important aldehyde commercially. It is a colourless gas at room temperature and is soluble in water, alcohols and other polar solvents. Urea-, phenoland melamine-formaldehyde resins (UF, PF and MF resins) accounted for about 63% of world demand in 2011; other large applications include polyacetal resins, pentaerythritol, methylenebis (4- phenyl iso-cyanate) (MDI), 1,4-butanediol and hexamethylenetetramine. Most formaldehyde producers are concerned primarily with satisfying captive requirements for derivatives and/or supplying local merchant sales. Formaldehyde is usually produced close to the point of consumption since it is fairly easy to make, is costly to transport and can develop problems associated with stability during transport. As a result, world trade in formaldehyde is minimal. Construction/remodelling activity, vehicle and furniture production, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) account for most world consumption of formaldehyde. Demand for these markets is greatly influenced by general economic conditions. As a result, demand for formaldehyde largely follows the patterns of the leading world economies. Formaldehyde resins are used predominantly in the wood products industry as adhesives. Growth of these resins is strongly correlated to construction/remodelling activity (which accounts for over 50% of consumption), and to a lesser degree, to the automotive industry. China is the largest market for formaldehyde, accounting for about 34% of world demand in 2011; other markets include the United States, Canada, Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Russia, Japan and the Republic of Korea. China s demand for Formaldehyde is likely to increase to ~7% per year. 20 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

39 The above graphs show the difference in Demand and Supply of formaldehyde in Asia and the world. Asia experiences 5% gap in its demand and supply. Continuing significant-to-rapid demand growth in Asia (mainly China) for most applications will balance out moderate growth in North America, Western Europe, Africa and Oceania. The proposed products like Resins (Melamine Formaldehyde, Urea Formaldehyde and Phenol Formaldehyde) mainly used to produce Electrical Insulation Board and Decorative Laminated Sheets. These sheets have good demand for home and office for furniture. The other product from this unit is Adhesives, a very useful compound. The use of adhesives offers many advantages over other binding techniques such as sewing, mechanical fastening, thermal bonding, etc. These include the ability to bind different materials together, to distribute stress more efficiently across the joint, the cost effectiveness of an easily mechanized process, an improvement in aesthetic design, and increased design flexibility. The products generated from Formaldehyde include Urea Formaldehyde Resin, Melamine Formaldehyde Resin, Phenol Formaldehyde Resin, Polyoxymethylene plastics, 1,4- Butanediol, and Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate, etc. The textile industry uses formaldehyde-based resins as finishers to make fabrics crease-resistant. Also theses resins are used to produce decorative laminate sheets as mentioned above. 21 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

40 Formaldehyde-based materials are very important and essential to manufacture of automobiles, and they are also used to make components for the transmission, electrical system, engine block, door panels, axles and brake shoes. In India to meet the current and future market demand, the project proponent intends to start a new unit. Export Possibility The project is mainly a domestic consumption project. Export could be in very small quantities. For Formaldehyde, major customers are located in and around Pune, Khopoli, Tarapur, Mahad, Roha, Lote Parshuram, etc. This includes customers such as Clariant, BSF, IVP, Gargi, SI Group etc. For FDH, major customers are located in and around Pune, Khopoli, Tarapur, Mahad, Roha, Lote Parshuram etc. This includes customers such as Clariant, BASF, IVP, Gargi, SI Group, Abelin Polymers, Amines and Plasticizers, Aquapharma, Ask chemicals, Catapharma, Excel Industries, Foseco, Golden Ply, HR Johnson, LRC speciality, Marvel thermoset, Resonance, Romit Resin, Sunrise Polymer, Sunshield chemical, Titan organics, etc. 2.3 Location details of the Project The proposed project is located at Plot No E-127, Additional Patalganga MIDC, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra. The Geographical location of this plot is at 18 51'17.40"N Latitude and 73 09'45.40"E Longitude with an elevation of 10 m above MSL. This site falls within Additional Patalganga MIDC. Land is flat terrain and the ownership is with project proponent. The existing Infrastructure around the site like water, electricity, telephone facility, roads is already available. Other infrastructure like, hospital, school, housing, entertainment, daily needs is also available nearby easily. GPS location on Google imagery of the proposed site has been shown in Figure 2.2 and 2.3. The actual site photographs have been shown in Figure MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

41 23 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

42 N 24 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

43 Plot Showing Project site Internal Road towards Factory Adjacent area Land Details The total land measuring an area of m 2 is in possession with SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt Ltd. Detail area bifurcation is given in below Table 2.1. The plant layout with production area, utilities, green belt area has been shown in Figure 2.5 below - 25 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

44 26 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

45 Table 2.1: Area Statement Sr. No. Description Area in m 2 Percentage of Total Plot Area (%) 1. Plot Area Explosive Yard Net Plot Area ( ) Total Built up area Parking Area Open Area Green Belt Area (33% of Total Plot Area) Project Description with Process Details Project information brief is given in Table 2.2 below Table 2.2: Magnitude of Project Operation Sr. No Particulars Details 1. Products Formaldehyde (37% to 55% Concentration), Urea Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid Melamine Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid Phenol Formaldehyde resin powder/liquid 2. Product Capacity Proposed manufacturing unit for production of following Synthetic Organic Chemicals Sr. No. Product Name Production Capacity (MTPY) 1. Formaldehyde (37% to 55% 36,000 Concentration) and 2A Urea Formaldehyde and 31,304 Melamine Formaldehyde Liquid Resin 2B Urea Formaldehyde and 15,652 Melamine Formaldehyde Powder Resin 3A Phenol Formaldehyde Liquid 86,747 resin 3B Phenol Formaldehyde Powder 43,374 resin TOTAL 213, Raw material Raw Material Name Unit Quantity Product - Formaldehyde Methanol MT/A 16,344 Product - Urea Formaldehyde and Melamine Formaldehyde Aqueous Formaldehyde MT/A 36,000 Urea MT/A 18,782 Caustic Soda MT/A 94 Formic Acid MT/A 6 Product - Urea Formaldehyde and Melamine Formaldehyde Powder Resin 27 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

46 Aqueous Formaldehyde MT/A 36,000 Melamine MT/A 25,043 Caustic Soda MT/A 125 Product - Phenol Formaldehyde Liquid resin Aqueous Formaldehyde MT/A 36,000 Phenol MT/A 18,390 Caustic Soda MT/A 14,400 Product - Phenol Formaldehyde Powder resin Phenol Formaldehyde Liquid Resin MT/A 98, Water Total fresh water requirement shall be approximately 305 CMD. It will be sourced from MIDC. 5. Power Total power requirement is 890 kw and will be sourced from MSEDCL. 6. Boiler Details Steam Boiler (5 TPH) 7. DG set 1 DG set of total 1000 kva capacity are proposed to be installed at this site. 8. Fuel Furnace oil (for 5 TPH Boiler) : 90 m 3 /Month Diesel (only for DG) : Lit/hr. 9. Manpower During Construction: ~30-40 During Operation : 20 (10 Skilled + 10 Unskilled) 10. Waste water 1 KLD Blow down from boiler, 15 KLD blow down from Cooling Tower and 1 KLD of waste water generated from washing and Domestic wastewater of approx KLD (Total KLD) will be treated in 18 CMD ETP cum STP which is further connected to MEE to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge. 11. Air emissions Air emissions will be from steam boiler and DG set. DG set shall act as stand by source of electricity for the site. Adequate 30 m stack height as per statutory norms will be provided to steam boiler. Stack height of 6 m above to roof will be provided to D.G. Set 12. Project cost Approx. Rs 15.5 Cr. 13. EMP cost Capital Cost Rs. 143 lakhs; Recurring cost Rs. 22 Lakh Product-wise brief manufacturing process has been discussed below: Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is produced by the catalytic oxidation of methanol. The basic principle of the production process: formaldehyde and oxygen of the air have dehydrogenation and oxidation reaction with silver catalyst at high temperature of 630 to yield formaldehyde. Main Reactions Ag CH 3OH CH 2O + H kJ/mol (gas phase) 630 (gas phase) Ag CH 3OH + 1/2 O 2 CH 2O + H 2O kJ/mol MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

47 (gas phase) 630 (gas phase) Side reactions: CH 3OH + 3/2 O 2 CO H 2O kJ/mol (gas phase) (gas phase) CH 2O C O + H kJ/mol (gas phase) (gas phase) H 2 + 1/2 O 2 H 2O kJ/mol (gas phase) (vapor phase) Seen from the reaction equation: The formation reaction of formaldehyde:1, 2 The consumption reaction of methanol: among which the(3 point is the loss reaction of methanol Oxygen consumption reaction:2, 3, 5 Methanol consumption reaction:4 The reactions 1 and 4 are endothermic (with the heat absorption) during reaction, other reactions are the exothermic reactions, with net heat release. The existence of side reactions will decrease the reaction rate. Based on above reactions, for 1 ton of 100% Formaldehyde, 3.2 tons of 100% Methanol is needed. However, actual consumption of methanol is ~10% more than the stoichiometric value. The oxygen used is from the air, and the mixture of air and methanol gas will be flammable. The explosive range is 6.0~36.5% under atmospheric conditions of the inert gas addition, steam and nitrogen, will reduce the possibility of, explosion. During production process steam and off-gas addition reduce the explosion probability to zero. This process flow can be divided into the following 4 units: Evaporation, Oxidation, and Absorption Evaporation unit a. Methanol is fed to the unit of evaporator re-boiler, wherein methanol vapour at 80 0 C is produced and then the vapour is charged to the mixer. b. The air is fed to the air heater for heating, the resulting 80 0 C air is then charged to the mixer. 29 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

48 c. The off-gas is fed to the off-gas heater for heating, the obtained 80 0 C off-gas is then charged to the mixer. d. In the mixer, the quaternary gas (air, off-gas, make-up steam and methanol vapour) is homogeneously blended and heated to C, then fed to the quaternary gas filter. Reaction units The gas mixture from the quaternary gas filter is charged to the oxidation reactor for reaction. In the reactor, methanol is oxidized/dehydrated into formaldehyde under the catalysis of silver at normal pressure (Reaction Pressure: 0.2MPa). The crude product is first quenched to C (the released heat by the reaction is used to produce steam), and then cooled to about 110 o C before entering the Absorption Unit. Gas feedstock to Reactor: quaternary gas mixture of methanol, air, make-up steam and off-gas Gas product from Reactor: mixture of HCHO, CH 3OH, HCOOH, H 2O, CO 2, CO, CH 4, O 2, H 2, N 2. Absorption unit The absorption unit consist of two absorbers, the converted gas mixture from the Oxidation Unit including HCHO, CH 3OH, HCOOH, H 2O, CO 2, CO, CH 4, O 2, H 2, N 2 is fed to 1# Absorber, sprayed and absorbed by the dilute formalin from 2# Absorption including HCHOCH 3OH, H 2O to give formalin product at 1# Absorber bottom while the unabsorbed gas mixture is charged to 2# Absorber top, sprayed and absorbed by process water to give dilute formalin and at the same time to discharge off-gas consisting of HCHO, CH 3OH, H 2OCO 2, CO 2, CH 4, O 2, H 2, N 2. Due to its special design, the absorber can also function as the distillation column itself. Thereby, no distillation column is included in the commercial proposal without compromising the required methanol content in the finished formalin product. Off-gas Treatment Unit In silver contact formaldehyde plant, the off-gas emitted from the absorber top includes 18-21% hydrogen, and carbon oxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and methane, with the heat enthalpy of 2000 kj/m MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

49 Generated excess air and water vapour + export steam will be sent to atmosphere through vent attached to absorber and export. Steam will be partially recycled in plant and partially exported. General process and material balance schematic is shown in Figure 2.6. Material balance of the process is given in below Table 2.3. Table 2.3: Raw material requirement for formaldehyde Sr. No. Name of raw material Quantity Remarks kg/kg of Product MT/ Annum Input 1. Methanol ,344 Reactant 2. Air ,304 Reactant 3. Water ( Fresh ) ,030.8 Absorbing + Cooling media of Reactor Total ,678.8 Output 1. Aqueous Formaldehyde ,000 Finished Product (37%) 2. Formaldehyde , Methanol Formic Acid Excess Air and Water Vapor +Export Steam Total , ,530 Attached to Absorber and export steam partially recycled in plant and partially exported Methanol kg/kg Air kg/kg Water kg/kg Evaporation Conversion (Oxidation with silver catalyst) Aqueous Formaldehyde (37%) 1.0 kg Formaldehyde 0.37 kg Methanol kg Formic Acid 0.001kg Absorber Excess Air and Water Vapor +Export Steam kg 31 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

50 2.4.2 Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) [Liquid Resin] AND/OR Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) [Powder Resin] Manufacturing Process of Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) [Liquid Resin] The manufacturing process of UF and MF resin are similar and involves two stages of reaction as described below. Chemical reaction stage The production process between urea and formaldehyde or between melamine and formaldehyde are very similar, only some few process conditions are different. The selected process is a batch process. Production of UF/MF resin involves an evaporation stage which is carried out in the reactor. The chemical reaction is carried out in a batch reactor, which is constructed of stainless steel and equipped with an efficient agitator, coil heat exchangers or jacketed/limpet coils for heating and cooling of the resin batch as well as a reflux condenser. 32 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

51 Formalin of % strength is charged into a service tank which is graded and then discharged into the Reactor with the help of a pump. Urea is charged directly into the reactor from big-bags i.e Kg or 500 Kg by crane lift, or by means of a conveyor, chute and hopper arrangement. 50 Kg or 25 KG small bags are also charged in the similar fashion. The weighing system is electronic if reactor mounted on Load Cells and controls the formaldehyde feed pump and it is used also for controlling the evaporation/dehydration process. The chemicals which are used in small amounts for adjustment of acidity/alkalinity of the processed batch are charged into the reactor manually through measuring tanks. The acidity and progress of the reaction are monitored by determining the ph ON LINE/manually of samples drawn from the reactor. II) Evaporation stage The aforementioned solids content of UF/MF resin produced by chemical reaction, as described above, depending on Formaldehyde concentration used is usually lower than 33 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

52 required for production of, for instance, particle board (i.e. 65% solids) for the consumers requirement (higher concentration due to transport economic reasons and storage handling). The solids content of UF/MF resin is therefore increased by removing water by evaporation from resin condensate. The evaporation operation is carried out under vacuum to avoid high processing temperatures of the resin, which would produce undesired types of molecules and reduce the reactivity of the resin. The removed liquid, distillate, contains mainly water but also methanol and small amounts of formaldehyde. The amount of water removed from the resin by evaporation can be monitored by several ways i.e. by means of the graded gauge of distillate tank, or by reactor weighing system if such system is installed. Water recovery done through condenser will be recycled to AF-37 Plant. Material Balance of UF resin and MF Resin Liquid has been shown in Figure 2.9 and 2.10 respectively. Tabular form of the same has been shown in Table 2.4. Aq. Formaldehyde 1.15 kg/kg Urea (Granular or prilled) 0.6 Kg/Kg Reaction between Aqueous formaldehyde & urea ph Adjustment Condensation Urea (UF) Formaldehyde Caustic Soda 49% Kg/Kg Formic Acid Kg/Kg Evaporation Urea Formaldehyde Resin Condensate water Water Vapour Losses kg 34 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

53 Sr. No Table 2.4: Material Balance UF Resin Liquid and MF Resin Liquid. Name Of Raw Material Quantity Remarks kg/kg MT/A Urea Formaldehyde Resin- liquid Input 1. Aqueous Formaldehyde (AF-37) ,000 Reactant 2. Urea (Granular or prilled) ,782 Reactant 3. Caustic Soda 49% For ph adjustment 4. Formic Acid For ph adjustment Total ,882 Output 1. Urea Formaldehyde (UF) 1 31,304 Finished Product (liquid resin) 2. Water recovery through condenser ,149 To be recycled to 3. Water Vapor Losses ,429 AF-37 Plant Total ,882 Melamine and Formaldehyde Input 1. Aqueous Formaldehyde (AF-37) ,000 Reactant 2. Melamine ,043 Reactant 3. Caustic Soda 49% For ph adjustment Total ,168 Output 1. Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) 1 31,304 Finished Product 2. (liquid resin) Water recovery through Condenser , Water vapor losses ,833 Total ,168 To be recycled to AF- 37 Plant 35 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

54 Manufacturing Process of Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) [Powder Resin] PROCESS DESCRIPTION The prepared liq. Resin taken in feed tank of spray drier. The atomizer is located at the top side of spray drier. It rotates the resins scattered in micro drops. Also hot air at C temperature from hot air generator contact with this scattered micro drops of resin & dried it. When it reaches at the bottom value of spray direr it totally converts into the powdered form The fresh ambient air is filter through filter and heated across a direct air heater comes in contact with the atomized spray. The air heater is designed for maximum process air temperature of 200 C. Feed solution from your slurry holding tank is fed to the atomization system through a variable speed feed pump. The feed is sprayed in the spray chamber at controlled rate through Rotary Disc Atomizer. The atomized particles get dried to the required level of dryness in a co-current fashion. Dehumidified air broom arrangement is provided to displace the powder from the chamber side walls and also simultaneously cool it as it falls to the chamber bottom. The product is separated in cyclone separator followed by Reverse Pulse Jet Bag Filter. The product is discharge through rotary air lock valves. The dry product from cyclone and bag filter is then conveyed and cooled as it travels pneumatically into the conveying Cyclone and Conveying Bag filter. The reverse pulse jet bag filter is provided for pollution control. The exhaust air from the conveying bag filter is recycled back at the inlet duct of main Cyclone separator and mixed with process air. The entire operation of the plant is controlled through an Instrument panel cum MCC. 36 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

55 Material Balance of UF resin and MF Resin Powder has been shown in Figure 2.12 and 2.13 respectively. Tabular form of the same has been shown in Table 2.5. Urea Formaldehyde (UF) (liquid resin) 2 kg/kg Atomization system Feed is sprayed in the spray chamber Urea Formaldehyde (UF) (powder resin) 1 Evaporation losses 1 kg Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (liquid resin) 2 kg/kg Atomization system Feed is sprayed in the spray chamber Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (powder resin) 1 kg Evaporation losses 1 kg Sr. No. Table 2.5: Material Balance UF Resin Powder and MF Resin Powder. Name of Raw Material Quantity Remarks Kg/Kg of MT/A Product Input 1 Urea Formaldehyde (UF) (liquid resin) Total Output 1 Urea Formaldehyde (UF) (powder resin) Liquid product Powder Product 2 Evaporation losses during drying To atmosphere through vent attached to Spray Dryer Total Sr. No. Name of Raw Material Quantity Remarks Input 1 Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (liquid resin) Kg/Kg of Product MT/A Liquid Product 37 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

56 Total Output 1 Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (powder resin) Powder Product 2 Evaporation losses during drying Attached to Spray Dryer Total Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Liquid resin) AND/OR Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Powder resin) Manufacturing Process There are two stages in the manufacture of the P F Resin. I) Chemical reaction stage The production process between phenol and formaldehyde is a condensation type of polymerization. The selected process is a batch process. The chemical reaction is carried out in a batch reactor, which is constructed of stainless steel and equipped with an efficient agitator, Coil heat exchangers for heating and cooling of the resin batch as well as a reflux condenser. The heating of the reactor is made by means of low pressure steam and the cooling by means of cooling water from closed circuit cooling tower system or other suitable source. The reactor is fixed. Charging of raw materials into the reactors is made in the following manner: - Formalin of 37% strength is charged into a service tank which is graded and then discharged into the Reactor. - Phenol is solid at room temperature and has to be heated and maintained at 65 C for which it is stored in an electrically traced storage tank. Phenol is then pumped to a calibrated service tank in the resin plant and then down loaded by gravity into the Reactor. The chemicals which are used in small amounts for adjustment of acidity/alkalinity of the processed batch are charged into the reactor manually. The reactor has one discharge strainer, one discharge pump and one discharge filter. The acidity and progress of the reaction are monitored by determining the viscosity of samples drawn from the reactor. II) Evaporation stage The solids content of PF resin is increased by removing liquid by evaporation from resin condensate. 38 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

57 The evaporation operation is carried out under vacuum to avoid high processing temperatures of the resin, which would produce undesired types of molecules and reduce the reactivity of the resin. The removed liquid, distillate, contains mainly water but also traces of methanol and small amounts of formaldehyde. In case of PF there would be traces of Phenol also. The amount of liquid removed from the resin by evaporation will be monitored by means of the graded gauge of distillate tank or by reactor weighing system, if such system is installed. Reaction Chemistry - C 6H 6O + HCHO C 7H 8O 2 PF Resin Liquid Sr. No. Table 2.6: Material Balance PF Resin Liquid and PF Resin Powder. Name of Raw Material Quantity Remarks kg/kg of Product MT/ Annum Input 1 Aqueous Formaldehyde (AF-37) ,000 Reactant 2 Phenol ,390 Reactant 3 Caustic Soda 49% ,400 For ph adjustment 4 Water ,957 Process requirement Total 1 86,747 Output 1 Phenol formaldehyde Resin 1 86,747 Finished Product Total 1 86,747 PF Resin Powder Sr. No. Name of Raw Material Quantity Remarks Kg/Kg of Product MT/ Annum Input 1 Phenol Formaldehyde ,589 Liquid products (PF) liquid resins Total ,589 Output 1 Phenol Formaldehyde 1 43,374 Powder product (PF) resins 2 Drying To atmosphere through vent attached to spray dryer Total , MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

58 Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) liquid resins kg/kg Atomization Spry drying system Feed is sprayed in the spray chamber Phenol Formaldehyde (MF) (powder resin) 1 kg Evaporation losses 1 kg 2.5 Resource requirement Chemical requirement The detail raw material required for operation listed below in Table 2.7 Table 2.7: Details of raw material (product wise) requirements Sr. Products Name of raw Quantity in Physical Transportation Source No. material MT/annum form 1 Formaldehyde Methanol 16,344 Liquid Tanker Lorries Import/ Local Air 29,304 Gaseous Through air Natural blower Water (DMprocess) 16,030.8 Liquid Pipeline MIDC 2 Urea Formaldehyde Resin OR Liquid Formaldehyde Liquid Pipe line from Formaldehyde plant Finished Product Melamine UF resin liquid Liquid Pipeline Finished Formaldehyde Product Resin OR MF resin liquid Liquid Pipeline Finished Product Urea 18,782 Solid Lorries Local/Imp ort Caustic Soda 219 Solid Lorry Local Formic Acid 6 Liquid Lorry Local 40 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

59 3 Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Melamine 25,043 Solid Lorries Local/ Import Formaldehyde 36,000 Liquid Pipe line from Finished Formaldehyde Product plant Phenol Formaldehyde liquid resins 98,589 Liquid Lorry Finished Product Phenol 18,390 Liquid Lorry Local Caustic Soda 14,400 Solid Lorry Local Urea 5100 Solid Lorry Local/ Import Air 9680 Gaseous Air Blower Natural Caustic Soda 40 Solid Lorry Local 49% Methanol 28,666 Liquid Lorry Import/ Local Product Details Table 2.8: Details of product and its storage Sr. No Finished Products Max. qty. stored MT/Week 1. Formaldehyde (37% to 55% Concentration) AND 2 (A) Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (Liquid Resin) AND/OR 2 (B) Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) (Powder Resin) 3 (A) Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Liquid resin) AND/OR 3 (B) Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Powder resin) Mode of storage Tank /bag /drum Packing size kg Mode of Transport 840 Tank 850 Kl By Road 730 drum 200kg By Road 365 bag 25 kg By Road 2024 drum 25 kg By Road 1012 bag 25 kg By Road Power Requirement Total connected load for the plant will be 890 kw power 245 kw for FDH and remaining for other products. The quantity would be double for spares and standby. This will be will be procured from Maharashtra State Electricity Corporation Limited. In addition to this, 1 D.G. Sets of 1000 kva will be installed as stand-by and captive source of power/to be used in case of power failure. 41 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

60 2.5.4 Fuel Requirement For the proposed project, Furnace Oil will be required for the steam boiler (5 TPH) and diesel will be required for stand-by D.G. Sets. The details of fuel requirement are as follows, Furnace oil (for 5 TPH boilers): 90 KL/month Diesel (only for DG set in case of emergency): L/hr Table 2.9: Fuel Consumption Sr. No Fuel Quantity Storage GCV Sulphur Ash 1. Furnace oil* 90 KL/month 500 KL % HSD kg/hr 20 KL mg/kg 0.01 * PCRO Petroleum conservation research Organization Water requirement The water required for the project will be procured from MIDC. The total fresh water requirement for industrial use will be 300 KL/day. However, water required for domestic activity and washing will be 1 m 3 /d each and that for green belt will be 3 m 3 /d. Thus the total water requirement per day will be 305 m 3 /d. There will not be any wastewater discharge from the manufacturing process. The industrial wastewater generation from the proposed project will be m 3 /d. This will go to the ETP plant. Washing wastewater will be sent to ETP. ETP is further connected to MEE to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge. RO Reject water adhering to prescribed water standards will be reused for utilities like cooling tower. The domestic wastewater will also be treated in ETP cum STP and treated water will be used for landscaping and gardening purposes. The detailed water balance chart and diagram is shown in Table 2.10 & Figure 2.5 below Sr. No. Consumption Table 2.10: Water Balance Fresh Water Input (CMD) Recycle Water (CMD) Total (CMD) Effluent (CMD) 1. Domestic Green Belt Washing Process Water Boiler Cooling Tower Total MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

61 43 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

62 2.5.6 Manpower Requirement During Construction Phase around 50 skilled and unskilled workers will be required during construction phase. During operation phase Table 2.11: Description of manpower required during operation phase Sr. No. Description No. of Persons 1. Senior management Middle management Junior management Workers 10 TOTAL Utilities Details Steam Boiler One no. of steam boiler of capacity 5 TPH will be used in manufacturing process. The stack details attached to the boiler are given in Table 2.12 below Table 2.12: Stack Details Sr. no Particulates Stack One (5 TPH Boiler) 1. Fuel Firing rate 124 kg/hr 2. Fuel Type Furnace Oil 3. Air/Fuel Ratio Excess air 17.0 % 5. Temperature 230 O C 6. Volumetric Flow rate 5.88 m 3 /s 7. Height 48 m 8. Stack dia. 600 mm 9. Exit velocity 14 m/sec. 10. Control equipment preceding the stack Process vapour Absorber 11. Emission Control System provided Oxygen Trimming With Digital Burner Management System List of Machinery and Equipment Details of machinery and equipment s required for production is given in Table 2.13 below Table 2.13: List of machinery and equipment Sr. No. Description Quantity Equipment - 1. Re-boiler 1 2. Methanol Evaporator 1 3. Air Heater 1 4. Off-gas Heater 1 5. Ternary Gas Mixer 1 6. Gas Mixture Filter 1 44 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

63 7. Oxidation Reactor # Absorber # Absorber Steam Filter Condensate Storage Tank Steam Drum Off-gas Filter Air Filter Liquid Sealing Tank for Off-gas 1 Machinery 16. Air Roots Blower Off-gas Roots Blower Methanol Pump # Circulating Pump # Circulating Pump # Circulating Pump Water Feeding Pump for Boiler PHE Centrifuge Fan Chain Block Vacuum Pump Electric Motors Catch Pot Strainer Filter Limpet coil Receiver View Glass Heat Exchanger Drain Valve Reactor Vapor column Acid Tank Alkali Tank Tea Tank Hopper Boiler Cooling tower Environmental Aspects Summary of anticipated waste emissions from the proposed project and its proposed disposal/ treatment mechanism is given in Table 2.13 below 45 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

64 Table 2.13: Summary of anticipated waste emissions and its disposal Aspect Waste water Process effluent, Cooling water, domestic, Lab etc. Air Emission PM 10, CO, SO 2, NO X, etc Solid Process waste ETP sludge and Quantity and mitigation measures Total effluent generation will be 17 CMD which will be treated in ETP cum STP of capacity 18 CMD. Domestic effluent of 0.85 KLD will also be treated in the same ETP cum STP. No process emission from the manufacturing process. Air emissions are anticipated from Steam Boiler and from DG set. However, DG set will be utilized in case of power failure. D.G set will be placed in acoustic enclosure. Steam Boiler will be provided with adequate 48 m stack height. The air pollutant that are discharged from the proposed unit are, Dust particulate from vehicular movement in the premises Sulfur-di-Oxide and Particulate matter, etc. From DG and stack. Hazardous Waste Sr. No. Description Cat UOM Proposed Method of Disposal Reused and excess sold 1. Spent Oil/ through 5.1 L/month 30 used waste authorised recycler/ reprocessor 2. ETP Sludge 37.1 MT/Month 50 CHWTSDF 3. Wastes/ Sale to Residue 36.1 MT/month 0.2 authorised containing dealer Oil 4. Discarded bags 33.1 No. / Month 2,60, Spent Resin 36.1 KL/month 3 6. Old Catalysts 36.1 Kg/Month 50 Sale to authorised dealer Sale to authorised dealer Regenerated within the plant There will be negligible non-hazardous solid waste generation and it will send to authorized recycler. 2.7 Project Implementation Schedule It is expected that the project shall be completed within 12 months from date of grant of Environmental clearance. 46 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

65 2.8 Assessment of New & Untested Technology No new technology has been assessed because of the following reasons The company has been using the current technology for the last 15 years. This technology has been proven to efficient, cost effective and also give excellent quality of products. The company has always been able to achieve most of its targeted turnover and perception watch on domestic market as well as international market with the help of this tested technology. 2.9 Estimated Project Cost The total cost of the project is estimated about Rs Cr. The project cost estimates include land and land development, civil, building structure, plant and machinery, other expenses, on building, plant and machinery, margin money of working capital. Environment management cost will be around Rs. 143 Lakhs and recurring cost will be Rs. 22 Lakhs. The details of EMP cost are given in Table Table 2.14: Environment Management Cost Sr. No. Particulars Amount (Lakhs) One time installation cost (Capital cost) 1. Air pollution control system (Process absorber, Caustic scrubber etc) Green Belt Development Water Pollution Control System ETP/STP Rainwater Harvesting Solid waste Management 5 6. Occupational Health and Safety 3 Total 143 Recurring Cost 1. Air pollution control system (Process absorber, Caustic scrubber etc) 3 2. Green Belt Development 5 3. Environment Monitoring and Management 3 4. Water Pollution Control System ETP/STP 2 5. Rainwater Harvesting 3 6. Solid waste Management 3 7. Occupational Health and Safety 3 Total MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

66 CHAPTER III: Description of the Environment This chapter concise details of site information related environmental setting like ambient air quality, monitored data, ground water quality in and around the plant etc. within 10 km radius of the project, the environmental parameters which are likely to be affected by project activities are air, water, soil and socio-economics. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary source data were collected through environmental monitoring in the study area. Primary survey involved climate, hydro geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology and Bio-diversity and socio-economic profile. Baseline Environmental Study Field monitoring was done for primary data collection of various environment components such as air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise. Also, secondary data such as micrometeorology, flora and fauna, socio-economic, hydro-geological study, traffic study etc. from authenticated sources was used as a guideline and reference material. The entire data has been collected through actual physical surveys and observations, literature surveys, interaction with locals, government agencies, and departments. The baseline study begins with site visits and reconnaissance survey in the study area. The guiding factors for the present baseline study are the requirements prescribed by the guidelines given in the EIA Manual of the MoEFCC and methodologies mentioned in Technical EIA Guidelines Manual for Synthetic Organic Industries by IL&FS Ecosmart Ltd., approved by MoEFCC. The studies were conducted during winter season for the period of 1 st October 2019 to 31 st December Frequency of environment monitoring considered is given in Table 3.1. Table 3.1: Environmental Parameter and Frequency of Monitoring Components Parameters Frequency Methodology adopted Ambient quality air PM 2.5, PM 10, SO 2, NO x, CO, HC Ambient air quality samples are monitored at 8 locations for 24 hours twice a week for the study period PM 10/PM 2.5: Gravimetric method SO 2: Modified West and Gaeke Method. (IS : 5182, Part II) NOx: Jacobs and Hochheiser Method. (IS 5182 Part VI) 48 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

67 Meteorology Surface : Wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall Water quality Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological parameters. Ecology Terrestrial fauna and flora and River ecology Secondary collected IMD data Primary data :- Ground water samples were collected from 8 locations and 2 surface water samples were collected from one locations Field survey conducted in 10 km study area, once during the study period Noise Noise levels in db(a) Continuous 24 hourly monitoring at 8 locations once during the study period Soil Physico-chemical Sampling at 8 locations around project site once during the study period. Socioeconomic Data Land pattern use Geology and hydrogeology Socio-economic characteristics of the affected area Land use for different categories Type, drainage etc. General in 10 km radial study area and data collected around the project site through field visits 10 km radius, Based on data published in Primary Census Abstract and satellite imagery LISS III Field Observations in 10 km study area and from secondary data Monitoring data for primary data IS: 8829 Standard methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater published by American Public Health Association (APHA) Listing of floral and faunal species. IS: 4954 as adopted by CPCB. BIS specifications - Topo-sheets Satellite (LANDSAT) imageries Authenticate published data by CGWB. Study area The project site is located at Plot No. E -127, Additional Patalganga MIDC, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra. Brief of environment setting is given in Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Environmental setting Sr. No. Particulates Description 1. Project Location - Geographical 18 51'17.40"N and 73 09'45.40"E Coordinates 2. Toposheet number 47 F/1 and 47 F/5. 3. Nearest IMD station Mumbai (Colaba)[43057] at km in W. 4. Nearest Town Mohopada 4.8 km in NE Khopoli km in SE 49 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

68 Panvel 15.6 km in N 5. Nearest airport Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai at km in NW 6. Nearest Railway station Apta railway station 1.38 km in NW, Rasayani Railway station 4.4 km in N 7. Nearest Road MIDC road connecting to Mumbai-Pune Express way as well as Mumbai Goa NH 66 adjacent to the site in N 8. Nearest Village Chavane at 0.45 km in W 9. Nearest densely populated area Mohopada at 4.8 km, Panvel at 15.6 km 10. No. of Villages in 10 km Bio-Graphical Zone Coast 12. Nearest Water body Patalganga River 1.1 km in West 13. Eco-sensitive area Karnala Bird Wildlife sanctuary falls within 5 km radius i.e. around 2.3 km in west. 14. Average Annual rainfall (mm) mm 15. Temperature Lowest Temp 0 C: 15.6 Highest Temp 0 C: Humidity Annual mean Relative humidity: 81 % 17. Wind Direction Dominant wind directions from West, North west and South west 18. Soil Type Course soil, medium black soil, deep black soil and lateritic soil 50 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

69 51 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

70 52 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

71 Physiography The area fall under Konkan Region of Maharashtra. The district has a long indented coastline. The Sahayadri ranges in the east send several transverse numbers of subsidiary hills westwards denying the plains of a uniform level and continuous character. Many of the subsidiary hills of varying heights reach the coastline to form headlands or promontories. On the basis of variation in local relief and other characteristics the district can be grouped into six physiographic divisions i.e. (i) Sahayadri Hills, (ii) Konkan Forested Hills, (iii) Sudhagad Plateau, (iv) Ulhas Basin, (v) Kal-Savitri Valley and (vi) Raigarh Coast. Raigarh district has six main drainage systems namely Ulhas, Patalganga, Amba, Kundlika, Savitri, Bhogavati rivers etc. originated in Sahyadri ranges and flows from east to west Geology The geology of the area consists of dark colored volcanic lava and laterites which date back to Mesozoic period. These are spread out in the form of horizontal sheets and beds and have innumerable spurs, hills, ridges, peaks and plateau. In the plains and valleys, the lava flows occurred below a thin blanket of soil which varies in thickness from place to place. The basalt is a predominant rock formation of the district. The basalts are usually dark grey to grey in color and are hard compact and tough and fine to medium grained structure. Deccan Trap rock which is completely impervious to percolation, these causing an accuse shortage of water in summer. Beds of laterite, usually formed by mechanical and chemical disintegration brought by atmospheric agencies on the underlying trap, cap of several picks and lofty ridges in the district Hydrology The district drained most by short westward flowing parallel streams which originate in the Sahayadri hills in the east and flow into the Arabian Sea. All the rivers are tidal for a considerable extent. Industrial Estates developed by MIDC namely Additional Patalganga MIDC located in catchments of Patalganga River Basin A-II class. The Patalganga receive the tail waters of the Khopoli hydel power station. The depth to water levels during pre-monsoon ranges between 5-10 m bgl. The depth to water levels during post monsoon ranges between 2-5m bgl. Drainage system of the proposed project study area is given in Figure 3.3 below 53 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

72 54 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

73 3.3.3 Topography An uneven topology is an important feature of the district. The proposed site is located near Patalganga River around 0.6 km. Wildlife sanctuary falls within 5 km radius i.e. around 2.3 km in west. Coastline is around 25 km in west. So, there is uneven topology found in the study area Digital Elevation Model One of the most common applications of interpolation techniques is in the construction of a digital elevation model (DEM), sometimes referred to as a digital terrain model (DTM). Digital elevation models were originally developed as part of the process required to create orthophotos. But they may also be used to calculate slope, aspect, line of sight, view sheds, watersheds and lots of other features, as well as providing a basis for more effective visualization using block diagrams, hill shading etc. The study area comes in western ghat hilly region. As per DEM Model the maximum elevation is 537m and minimum is 3m along with Patalganga river basin having plain area with deposited soil. This area is concentrated with agricultural and industrial activities. Karnala Fort is having highest range of elevation. The Digital elevation map of the project site and the 10 km study area is given in Figure MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

74 56 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

75 Land use pattern Land use is characterized by the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change, or maintain it. Definition of land use in this way establishes a direct link between land cover and the actions of people in their environment. "Grassland" is a cover term, while "rangeland" or "tennis court" refer to the use of a grass cover; and "Recreation area" is a land use term that may be applicable to different land cover types: for instance sandy surfaces, like a beach; a built-up area like a pleasure park; woodlands; etc Land Cover of the study area Land cover is the observed (bio) physical cover on the earth's surface. When considering land cover in a very pure and strict sense, it should be confined to the description of vegetation and man-made features. Consequently, areas where the surface consists of bare rock or bare soil are land itself rather than land cover. Also, it is disputable whether water surfaces are real land cover. However, in practice, the scientific community usually includes these features within the term land cover. Land Use/Land cover for 10 km radius from project site of were delineated based on the Landsat ETM+ satellite data; the land use/land cover classes are categorized based on the ground trothing and site visit. The land is classified in different classes such as vegetation, barren land, Built up area, water body etc. Detailed distribution has been shown in Table 3.3 and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map of the same has been depicted in Figure 3.5. These images provide the information about the land use pattern of the study area. The different color represents the settlement or built up land Vegetation (include Agriculture and forest) area, barren Land and water bodies. Table 3.3: Land use Land Cover Statistics of the Study Area 57 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

76 Built up land It is defined as an area of human habitat developed due to non-agriculture use. The built-up land in 10 km radius from project site comprises of villages, towns, panchayat and revenue villages that include buildings, Industries, factories, transport, communications, utilities in association with water and vegetation. Out of total area, 74.9 sq. Km area comes under built up land class. Forest and Agricultural The vegetation class use is a function of land productivity and land utilization practices over a period of time. It is an area within the notified forest boundary bearing an association of predominantly of trees and other vegetation types capable of producing timber and other forest produces. These lands are generally occupying the topographically high regions. This land use/land cover class in the study area coved sq. km. area under Vegetation or forest. Which is 47.6 % out of area. Karnala Bird Sanctuary and surrounding reserve forest are comes under 10 km radius. Water Bodies This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes and reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers, canals etc. These are seen clearly on the satellite image in blue to dark blue or cyan colour depending on the depth of water. These areas were identified and mapped as water bodies; this unit is spatially distributed in 3.7 sq. km area. Patalganga River is flowing within 10 km area, from north east to south west. Morbe Dam and Jambivali Dam are also located within 10 km radius. Open Land and Barren land Open land described as degraded land which can be brought under vegetative cover with reasonable effort and which is currently under-utilized and land which is deteriorating due to lack of appropriate water and soil management or on account of natural causes. Wastelands can result from inherent/imposed constraints such as, by location, environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil or financial or management constraints. Barren Land is a piece of land that is normally unable to support the growth of crops within study area some patches of barren land are found, some patches of Patalganga river open bed are identified in this category. Within study area most of area comes under Open Land and Fallow Land class which is 85.9 sq. km. (27.4 %) out of area. 58 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

77 59 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

78 Seismology Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has prepared a seismic zoning map of India based on tectonic features and records of past earthquakes. Approx. 59% of the land area of India is liable to seismic hazard damage. In India, seismic zones are divided into four zones i.e. II, III, IV and V. Zone V: Very High Risk Zone Zone IV: High Risk Zone Zone III: Moderate Risk Zone Zone II: Low Risk Zone The site is located in Zone-III (Moderate Risk zone) as per the seismic map given in Figure 3.6 below Climatic Condition and Meteorology The climate here is tropical. Most months of the year are marked by significant rainfall. The short dry season has little impact. May is the warmest month of the year. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January. 60 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

79 3.6.1 Methodology Secondary data from already published literature of National Data Centre of Indian Meteorological Department, Mumbai (Colaba) have been utilized to establish the general meteorological pattern. Site-specific meteorological data i.e. temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and wind direction for the project site have been generated by installing weather station at project site during the period of October 2019 to December Average Meteorological Condition (Source: IMD) The IMD observatory is situated at the Regional Meteorological Centre at Colaba almost at the extreme south end of the narrow ridge of the land extending about 5 kms to the southwest of the fort of Bombay. There are some trees and staff quarters inside the observatory compound eastern wall of the observatory compound faces the sea. Wind instrument on the electrometer tower, exposure fair. The average of meteorological data of IMD observatory is presented in Table 3.4 and the average of the site-specific meteorological data generated during the study period is presented in Table 3.5. The wind rose diagram of the study period is given as Figure 3.7. Table 3.4: Average of meteorological data Location: Colaba, Mumbai. (Lat: N 18 54', Long: E 72 49') (Station Code: 43057) Aerial distance from Project Site: Approx Km SE Height of wind instrument installation: 16 m above ground and 11 m above MSL Month Temperature ( C) Relative Humidity (%) Max. Min. Mor. Eve. Mean Wind Speed (km/h.) Predominant Wind Direction Precipitation (mm) Monthly total January NW 0.9 February NW 0.2 March NW 0.4 April NW 0.5 May NW 20.2 June W July W August W September W October E 78.4 November NE 14.9 December NE 2.6 Annual Total or Mean NW (Source: IMD climatological normal ) 61 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

80 Table 3.5: Average of the Site Specific Meteorological Data (October 2019 to December 2019) Month Temperature ( C) Avg. Wind speed (m/s) Min. Max. Wind Direction Avg. Relative Humidity (%) October NW 69 November E 62 December NE Temperature The winter season from October to December is one with continuous decrease in temperatures which decreases during monsoon, increases slightly during the post monsoon season and again increases after the month of March. The daily maximum temperature was recorded at 37.1 C in the month October and daily minimum temperature was recorded at 12.3 C in the month of December Relative Humidity The climate of the region is generally humid due to its proximity to Arabian Sea. Humidity is usually high during the monsoon months, with average relative humidity 36 to 71 %. Humidity decreases gradually during the post monsoon months and for rest of the year. 62 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

81 3.6.5 Precipitation The annual rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon season i.e. from June to September, August being the month with highest rainfall. The total monthly annual rainfall observed from the IMD data is mm Wind Speed and Wind Direction Wind rose based on hourly readings of wind speed and direction for the month of October 2019 to December Data obtained from the project site are in agreement with the data of previous years available from secondary source. The wind rose diagram reveals that wind was blowing predominantly from the North West, North East, East, West and North direction having speed of 1.01 m/s during the monitoring period with 41.35% frequency of calm winds. Wind rose graphically shown in Figure MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

82 64 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

83 Ambient Air Quality Samples were collected in the 10 km study area to observe pollution trends throughout the region. It helps in providing a data base for evaluation of effects of a project activity in that region. The various sources of air pollution in the present area are nearby industries and agricultural land. Methodology The air quality monitoring study was conducted keeping the following points into consideration. Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; i.e. after considering the pre-dominant wind direction Two locations in the upwind direction Two locations in the downwind direction Population zone and sensitive receptors Table 3.6: Methodology for AAQM Parameter Monitoring Equipment s PM 10 Fine Dust sampler PM 2.5 Fine Dust sampler NO x Gaseous sampler Analytical Method IS 5182 (Part 23) :2006, RA-2012 CPCB Guidelines for the measurement of Ambient Air pollutant Vol. I,2011 IS 5182 (Part VI) : 2006, RA-2012 Minimum Technical Protocol Detectable limit 10 µg/m 3 Gravimetric method 10 µg/m 3 Gravimetric method 5 µg/m 3 Modified Jacob and Hochheiser method SO 2 Gaseous IS 5182 (Part II) : 5 µg/m 3 Improved West and sampler 2001, RA-2012 Geake method CO CO Meter IS 5182 (Part 10) -- HC Gaseous Sampler APHA 23 rd Ed Stack IS - AP 5 ppm Gas Chromatography Sampling location and frequency AAQ of the study area has been assessed during winter period of October 2019 to December 2019 through a network of 8 ambient air quality stations within 10 km radius around the project site. The sampling was done as per CPCB Guidelines. The air monitoring locations are shown in Figure 3.8 and Table 3.7 and the results have been shown in Table MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

84 Table 3.7: Air sampling locations Code Sampling Location Distance Direction Significance Coordinates A1 Project Location '17.40"N 73 9'45.40"E A2 Karnala 7.3 NW DW 18 53'49.17"N 73 7'33.034"E A3 Narpoli 3.5 N DW 18 55'13.09"N 73 9'9.45"E A4 Ambivali 7 SE UW 18 50'59.24"N 73 13'52.23"E A5 Ladivali 1.7 N CW 18 52'13.23"N 73 9'11.63"E A6 Kharpada 7.4 E UW 18 49'55.86"N 73 5'36.49"E A7 Karadi 7.7 S UW 18 48'10.10"N 73 9'58.74"E A8 Vasambe 5.25 N CW 18 53'53.91"N 73 10'58.08"E 66 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

85 67 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

86 Table 3.8: Ambient Air analysis results Statistical parameter PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) SO 2 (µg/m 3 ) NO x (µg/m 3 ) CO mg/m 3 Total HC ppm A1- Project Site Minimum ND ND Maximum ND ND Average ND ND 98 th Percentile ND ND A2- Karnala Minimum ND ND Maximum ND ND Average ND ND 98 th Percentile ND ND A3 - Narpoli Minimum ND ND Maximum ND ND Average ND ND 98 th Percentile ND ND A4 - Ambivali Minimum ND ND Maximum ND ND Average ND ND 98 th Percentile ND ND A5- Ladivali Minimum ND ND Maximum ND ND Average ND ND 98 th percentile ND ND A6 - Kharpada Minimum ND ND Maximum ND ND Average ND ND 98 th percentile ND ND A7 - Karadi Minimum ND ND Maximum ND ND Average ND ND 98 th percentile ND ND A8 - Vasamble Minimum ND ND Maximum ND ND Average ND ND 98 th percentile ND ND NAAQS standards 2009, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Gov. of India Industrial, Residential and Rural Areas 60 (24 hr.) 100 (24 hr.) 80 (24 hr.) 80 (24 hr.) 4 (1 hr.) - 68 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

87 Interpretation Particulate matter emission (PM 10and PM 2.5): It was found that all AAQ parameters are within the NAAQ standards. PM 10 and PM 2.5 is higher as compared to other stations but within NAAQS, at Ambivali and Vasambe as it is densely populated area and prime industrial area and heavy vehicular movement on Mumbai Pune Expressway and Mumbai Goa NH MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

88 SO 2 emission: SO2 values within study area are within NAAQS at Project site has slightly higher SO2, may due to industrial area environment. 70 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

89 NO x emission: NOx values at all monitoring location are within the NAAQ standards. At Project site, Ambivali and Vasambe it was found to be slightly higher side as it is Industrial area Ambient Noise Level The ambient noise standards, Table 3.9, have been stipulated during day time (6 am to 10 pm) and night time (10 pm to 6 am) keeping in the view the different sensitive and the resultant impacts at community level during these periods. The ambient noise levels were monitored at selected villages within the study area during day and night time covering residential, commercial/industrial and silence zones. Background noise levels were measured at the project site and surrounding villages by standard- noise- level- meter for 24 hours. Equivalent noise levels during day ( hrs) Ld, night ( hrs) Ln and the equivalent noise levels for day and night, the Ldn values were calculated. Methodology - Site visit and identification of sources of noise Identifying monitoring locations and conducting noise monitoring Determining possible impacts of noise on the environment from proposed activities Suggestions of mitigation measures of noise and to reduce noise of sources exceeding the allowable limits 71 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

90 The locations of Noise level monitoring Stations presented in Table 3.9 and Figure 3.13 Table 3.9: Noise Level Monitoring Locations Code Village name Distance Direction Coordinates N1 Project Location '17.40"N 73 9'45.40"E N2 Karnala 7.3 NW 18 53'49.17"N 73 7'33.034"E N3 Narpoli 3.5 N 18 55'13.09"N 73 9'9.45"E N4 Ambivali 7 SE 18 50'59.24"N 73 13'52.23"E N5 Ladivali 1.7 N 18 52'13.23"N 73 9'11.63"E N6 Kharpada 7.4 E 18 49'55.86"N 73 5'36.49"E N7 Karadi 7.7 S 18 48'10.10"N 73 9'58.74"E N8 Vasambe 5.25 N 18 53'53.91"N 73 10'58.08"E 72 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

91 73 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

92 Results - The results of all noise monitoring stations are summarized in the below Table Table 3.10: Results of noise monitoring Station codes Location Equivalent noise level, Leq in db (A) Day Time Night Time N1 Project Location N2 Karnala N3 Narpoli N4 Ambivali N5 Ladivali N6 Kharpada N7 Karadi N8 Vasambe Table 3.11: National Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Sr. No Category of Area Limits in db (A) Leq Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area B Commercial Area C Residential Area D Silence Zone Interpretation The above results are within the standards. The minimum noise level in day time 51.5 db (A) was observed in Karnala due to its proximity to Bird Sanctuary and during night time 39 db (A) in Ladivali which is a rural residential area. The maximum noise level in day time 53.6 db (A) was recorded at Karadi due to its proximity to Mumbai Goa NH66 and during night time 42.7 db (A) at Vasambe as it is an industrial area close to Mumbai Pune Expressway. 74 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

93 Water Quality Assessment of baseline data on water environment (surface and ground) includes Identification of surface water sources Identification of ground water sources Collection of water samples Analyzing water samples for physico-chemical and biological parameters Methodology Assessment of water quality in the study area includes the water quality testing and assessment as per the Indian standard IS 10500:2012 (drinking water standard) for ground water and surface water is compared with CPCB standard class A to F. The surface and ground water sampling was carried out by using central pollution control board (CPCB) guidelines. A sample container was properly cleaned and rinsed with sample for threefour times before it was filled. Sample containers were labelled properly and sample code, sampling date was clearly marked on container. Surface water sample was collected from surface water body about 30 cm below the water surface using grab sampling method. Ground water samples were collected from bore well and dug well 75 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

94 Water samples from various locations in and around the project site within 10 km radius were collected for assessment of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. Methodologies adopted for analysis were according to the APHA 22 nd Ed.2012 and IS methods. The parameters thus analyzed were compared with IS 10500: Surface Water Sampling location and frequency Surface water samples were collected from two different locations within the study area as shown in Table 3.12 and Figure 3.15 once in November Table 3.12: Surface water sampling locations Sampling Location Dist. Direction Geo Coordinates Type Stations (km) SW1 Patalgange River NW 18 52'9.00"N, Upstream Ladivali village 73 9'24.43"E SW2 Jambhivali Lake 2.23 SE 17 43'23.86"N, 77 24'26.13"E Down- Upstream 76 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

95 77 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

96 Results - Surface water quality analysis report The result of the surface water monitoring station is summarized in the below Table Table 3.13: Surface Water Quality Results Sr. No. Parameters SW1 SW2 Unit IS:10500:2012 Required Standards Chemical Potability 1. ph at 25 o C to Temperature C N.S. 3. Electrical Conductivity at µs/cm N.S. 25 o C 4. Turbidity <1 <1 NTU 1 5. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l Total Solids mg/l N.S. 7. Acidity as CaCO 3 <5 <5 mg/l N.S. 8. Total Alkalinity as CaCO mg/l Total Hardness as CaCO mg/l Calcium as Ca mg/l Magnesium as Mg mg/l Chloride as Cl mg/l Sulphates as SO mg/l Nitrate as NO mg/l Ammonical Nitrogen as <0.1 <0.1 mg/l N.S. NH 4-N 16. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen <1 <1 mg/l N.S. as NH3-N 17. salinity ppt N.S. 18. Fluoride as F <0.1 <0.1 mg/l Total Phosphorous <1 <1 mg/l N.S. 20. Silica as SiO mg/l N.S. 21. Sodium as Na mg/l N.S. 22. Potassium as K 3 02 mg/l N.S. 23. Hexavalent Chromium <0.02 <0.02 mg/l N.S. (as Cr6+) 24. Iron (as Fe) <0.05 <0.05 mg/l Copper (as Cu) <0.04 <0.04 mg/l Nickel <0.01 <0.01 mg/l Zinc as Zn <0.05 <0.05 mg/l Manganese <0.1 <0.1 mg/l Chromium <0.03 <0.03 mg/l Lead <0.01 <0.01 mg/l cadmium <0.003 <0.003 mg/l Phenol <0.001 <0.001 mg/l Biochemical Oxygen mg/l N,S Demand 34. Chemical Oxygen mg/l N,S Demand 78 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

97 35. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l N.S 36. Boron <0.04 <0.04 mg/l 0.5 Bacteriological Potability 1. Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml Absent 2. Fecal coliform <2 <2 MPN/100 ml Absent Inference The ph were in range of ( ) and electric conductivity were µs/cm. Total dissolved solid, total hardness, alkalinity was found within the permissible limit. The above analysis reveals that water from downstream and upstream of river not suitable for drinking purposes due to presence of Total Coliforms. This is due domestic activity carried out near river bank. Domestic activity like washing of utensil, cloths, animal cleaning, human and animal excreta etc. are pollutes the river water and makes it unsuitable for drinking purpose. Ground Water Ground water sampling location and frequency Ground water samples were collected from eight different locations within the study area as shown in Table 3.14 and Figure 3.15 once in November Table 3.14: Ground water sampling locations Sampling Stations Location Direction Distance (km) Geographical coordinates GW 1 Chavane SW '12.68"N, 73 9'31.23"E GW 2 Savane SE '36.92"N, 73 10'12.16"E GW 3 Kaire NE '43.40"N, 73 10'34.21"E GW 4 Narpoli N '12.42"N, 73 9'8.02"E GW 5 Karnala W '27.50"N, 73 6'20.64"E GW 6 Kharpada SW '57.87"N, 73 5'37.71"E GW 7 Varsai S '33.99"N, 73 9'53.77"E GW 8 Ambivali E '58.05"N, 73 13'52.45"E Sample source Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Results The results of all 8 ground water monitoring stations are summarized in the below Table MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

98 Sr. No. Table 3.15: Results of ground water sampling Characteristics GW1 GW2 GW 3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS:10500:2012 Required Standards Chemical Potability 1. ph at 25 o C to Temperature N.S. 3. Electrical Conductivity at N.S. 25 o C 4. Turbidity <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 < Total Dissolved Solids Total Solids N.S. 7. Total suspended Solids <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 N.S 8. Acidity as CaCO 3 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 N.S. 9. Total Alkalinity as CaCO Total Hardness as CaCO Calcium as Ca Magnesium as Mg Chloride as Cl Sulphates as SO Nitrate as NO Ammonical Nitrogen as <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 N.S. NH 4-N 17. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 N.S. NH3-N 18. salinity N.S. 19. Fluoride as F <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 < Total Phosphorous <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 N.S. 21. Silica as SiO N.S. 22. Sodium as Na N.S. 23. Potassium as K N.S. 80 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

99 24. Hexavalent Chromium (as <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 N.S. Cr6+) 25. Iron (as Fe) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 < Copper (as Cu) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 < Nickel <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 < Zinc as Zn <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 < Manganese <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 < Chromium <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 < Lead <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 < Cadmium <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 < Phenol <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < Bacteriological Potability 1. Total Coliforms <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Absent 2. Faecal coliform <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Absent 81 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

100 Inference All the parameters have been compared with drinking water standards i.e. IS Turbidity in the water is higher than the desired limit of 1 N.T.U. due to mixing of soil particles in the ground water. Increasing TDS concentration, hardness may be due to rock water action, salts enter groundwater through dissolution of soil (through agriculture practices), rock, and organic material. Heavy metals are not detected in all the samples. The water is not suitable for drinking purpose as biological parameters are found to be present. Soil Environment Soil is the unconsolidated material on the earth surface that serves as a natural medium for plant growth. Medium black and deep black soil is observed in the project area. Methodology - Site visit and collection of soil sample Manual sample collection using hammer and container bags for collecting undisturbed top soil. Sample was taken from the surface to plough depth 0-22 cm Recently fertilized, old bunds, marshy spots, near trees, compost heaps and farm sheds etc. these locations are avoided at the time of sampling. Each Sample collected was a uniformly thick 2cm slice of soil from the exposed soil face V in shaped hole. Selection of locations of soil sample is done on the basis nearest impact zone and possibility to alter the characteristics of soil due to failure of pollution control equipment and runoff. Sampling location and frequency Soil samples were collected from eight different locations within the study area as shown in Table 3.16 and Figure 3.16 once in November Table 3.16: Soil sampling locations Stations Location Distance Direction Geographical coordinates (km) Latitude Longitude S1 Project Site '17.40"N 73 9'45.40"E S2 Chavane 0.60 W 18 51'12.90"N 73 9'25.26"E S3 Jambhivali 0.89 E 18 51'12.72"N 73 10'14.94"E S4 Savane 1.12 SE 18 50'43.74"N 73 09'58.14"E S5 Karnala 6.10 NW 18 54'20.40"N 73 07'2.20"E S6 Narpoli 7.50 N 18 55'18.72"N 73 9'6.30"E S7 Ambivali 7.30 E 18 50'54.24"N 73 13'45.48"E S8 Apta 3.5 W 18 50'58.20"N 73 7'58.50"E 82 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

101 83 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

102 Results The results of all eight soil monitoring stations are summarized in the below Table Table 3.17: Results of soil sampling Sr. No. Characteristics Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 1. Texture - Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Loam 2. Percentage of different components Sand Silt Clay % % % Soil Moisture % Bulk Density g/cm Water Holding % Capacity 6. ph Conductivity mho/cm Organic Carbon % Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg Magnesium (as mg/kg Mg) 11. Available Nitrogen Kg/ha Phosphorous (as P) Kg/ha Potassium (as K) Kg/ha Iron (as Fe) mg/kg Zinc (as Zn) mg/kg Copper (as Cu) mg/kg Sodium mg/kg Manganese (as Mn) mg/kg Total Chromium mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 (as Cr) 20. Nickel (as Ni) mg/kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 < Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 < Lead (as Pb) mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 < Sodium Adsorption Ratio mg/l Inference All the samples having ph in range of 6.52 to 7.58 Conductivity of the samples is I n between 96 to 212 mho/cm. NPK concentration in all the soil samples are in the range of to 128.7, 13.8 to 23.5 and to kg/ha respectively. Heavy metals like Copper, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Manganese are not detected in all the samples. 84 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

103 Ecology Biodiversity The floral and faunal studies were conducted in the month of November and December 2019 for the entire project area covering 10 km radial distance from the project site. The sites for terrestrial and aquatic ecology sampling were identified during the reconnaissance survey and sampling was carried out thereafter. Study on various aspects of ecosystem plays an important role in identifying sensitive issues for undertaking appropriate action to mitigate the impacts, if any. Methodology In order to assess the prevailing status of flora and fauna in the project region, particularly on the endemic, rare and endangered species; and migratory path/ route of animals and birds and their breeding and nesting places in different terrestrial and aquatic locations of project area; baseline ecological surveys were conducted during the study period. The baseline ecological status in the project area has been established through the following methods: Collection of secondary information on ecological conditions pertaining to flora and fauna and its review. Reconnaissance surveys of the entire project area, in order to have a broad understanding on the prevailing situation on flora and fauna in the project area for stratifying different areas into different representative classes in order to select most appropriate sampling locations for conducting detailed ecological surveys; Detailed primary ecological field surveys for establishing the first-hand information on prevailing ecological status in the project area, covering different representative physiognomic and habitat conditions; The sites for Ecology and Biodiversity study were identified during the reconnaissance survey and study was carried out thereafter. The detailed study was undertaken for assessing the baseline status of terrestrial ecology. GPS instrument (GARMIN Oregon 550) was used to record details of study locations. Monitoring location and frequency The baseline study, for the evaluation of the floral and faunal biodiversity of the study area, with in 10 km radius from the proposed project has been conducted during November and December, Photographs of experts conducting bio-diversity study in the study area are shown in Figure 3.17 below 85 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

104 Internal MIDC Road Network Project site Observations during site visit The study area can be classified as semi-arid region. Patches of reserve forest, open mixed jungle and Karnala Wild Life Sanctuary were observed in the study area. During the field survey 52 species (excluding Karnala WLS) were recorded in and around periphery of the proposed project. Photographs of some of the species recorded in the study area are shown in Figure 3.18 below - Celosia Argentia (White Cockscomb) Thespesia Populnea (Portia Tree) 86 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

105 Eichhornia Crassipes (Jalparni) Erithrina Indica (Pangara) Oryza Sativa (Rice) Terminalia catappa (Almond Tree) The results of the survey conducted and observations during monitoring are presented in the Table 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 and 3.21 below - Table 3.18: List of Crops recorded during the survey period Sr. No. Botanical Name Common Name Family 1. Lycopersicon lycopercicum Tomato Solanaceae (L.) Karsten. 2. Capsicum annuum L. Chilli Solanaceae 3. Oryza sativa Linn. Paddy Gramineae 4. Allium cepa L Onion Alliaceae 5. Hibiscus esculentus Linn. Lady s Finger Malvaceae Table 3.19: List of Tree Species recorded in the study area during Study Sr. No. Botanical Name Family Habit 1. Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Tree 2. Argemone mexicana L. Annonaceae Herb 87 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

106 3. Capparis deciduas (Forssk.) Edg. Capparaceae Shrub 4. Capparis divaricata Lam. Capparaceae Shrub 5. Capparis spinosa L. Capparaceae Shrub 6. Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Shrub 7. Cadaba fruticosa (L) Capparaceae Shrub 8. Hibiscus esculentus Linn. Malvaceae Crop 9. Hibiscusindicus Burm. F. Hochr Malvaceae Shrub 10. Muntingia calabura L. Tiliaceae Tree 11. Tribulus rajasthanensis Bhandari Zygophylaceae Herb and Sharma 12. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Rutaceae Tree 13. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Tree 14. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simarubeae Tree 15. Azadirachta indica Linn. Meliaceae Tree 16. Ziziphus jujuba L. Rhamnaceae Tree 17. Ziziphus rotundifolia Lamk. Rhamnaceae Small Tree 18. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Tree 19. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree 20. Arachis hypogaea Linn. Leguminosae Herb 21. Butea monosperma L. Leguminosae Tree 22. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Leguminosae Tree 23. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth. Leguminosae Tree 24. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Leguminosae shrub 25. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Leguminosae Tree 26. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 27. Cassia auriculata L. Caesalpiniaceae shrub 28. Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 29. Cassia siamea Lamk. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 30. Cassia tora L. Caesalpiniaceae Herb 31. Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 32. Delonix regia (Hook.) Ref. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 33. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Mimosaceae Tree 34. Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC. Mimosaceae Shrub 35. Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Mimosaceae Tree 36. Acacia nilotica (L) Willd. Mimosaceae Tree 37. Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Mimosaceae Tree 38. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Mimosaceae Tree 39. Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC. Mimosaceae Tree 40. Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Tree 41. Parthenium hysterophorus L. Compositae Herb 42. Tridax procumbens L. Compositae Herb 43. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait. Asclepiadaceae Shrub 44. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Tree 45. Bougainvillea spectabilis Nyctagineae Tree 46. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree 47. Ficus glomerata Roxb Moraceae Tree 48. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Tree 49. Cocos nucifera L. Palmae Tree 50. Phoenix sylvestris Roxb Palmae Tree 51. Aristida redacta Stapf Poaceae Herb 88 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

107 52. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Herb Sr. No. Table 3.20: List of Bird Species recorded in the study area during Study Scientific Name Common Name IWPA Status IUCN Status 1 Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) Little Egret Schedule IV LC 2 Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 Grey Heron LC 3 Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758) Large Egret Schedule IV - 4 Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) Cattle Egret Schedule IV LC 5 Ardeola grayii (Sykes, 1832) Indian Pond- Schedule IV LC Heron 6 Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783) Red-wattled Schedule IV - Lapwing 7 Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 Blue Rock Pigeon Schedule IV LC 8 Streptopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus, Little Brown Dove Schedule IV ) 9 Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) Rose-ringed Schedule IV LC Parakeet 10 Centropus sinensis (Stephens, 1815) Greater Coucal Schedule IV LC 11 Cypsiurus balasiensis (J.E. Gray, 1829) Asian Palm-Swift Schedule IV LC 12 Apus affinis (J.E. Gray, 1830) House Swift Schedule IV LC 13 Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758) Small Blue Schedule IV LC Kingfisher 14 Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) White-breasted Schedule IV - Kingfisher 15 Merops orientalis Latham, 1801 Small Bee-eater Schedule IV LC 16 Hirundo tahitica Gmelin, 1789 House Swallow - LC 17 Hirundo daurica Linnaeus, 1771 Red-rumped - LC Swallow 18 Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766) Red-vented Schedule IV LC Bulbul 19 Saxicoloides fulicata (Linnaeus, 1776) Indian Robin Schedule IV - 20 Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Oriental Magpie- - - Robin 21 Turdoides malcolmi (Sykes, 1832) Large Grey Schedule IV LC Babbler 22 Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) House Sparrow - LC 23 Ploceus philippinus (Linnaeus, 1766) Baya Weaver Schedule IV LC 24 Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766) Common Myna Schedule IV LC 25 Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot, 1817 Black Drongo Schedule IV LC 26 Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 House Crow Schedule V LC 89 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

108 Sr. No Table 3.21: List of Prominent Mammal Species recorded in the study area during Study Scientific Name Common Name IWPA Status IUCN Status 1 Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann, 1780) Rhesus Macaques 2 Semnopithecus schistaceus Desmarest, 1822 Hanuman Langoor 3 Funambulus paimarum (Linnaeus, 1766) Indian Palm Squirrel 4 Mus booduga (Gray, 1837) Little Indian Field Schedule V Least Concern Least Concern Least Concern Least Concern Mouse 5 Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 House Mouse Schedule V Least Concern 4 Hystrix indica Kerr, 1792 Indian Crested Porcupine Schedule IV Least Concern 6 Lepus nigricollis F. Cuvier, 1823 Indian Hare Schedule IV Least Concern 7 Herpestes edwardsii (t.geoffroy Saint- Hilaire, 1818) Grey Mongoose Schedule IV LR-lc 8 Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 Wild Boar Schedule III LR-nt 9 Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815 Bhekar Schedule III Least Concern Reference: Pranoti Jayant Joshi and et al (2013), Avifaunal Distribution within Different Habitats of Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Maharashtra. National Conference on Biodiversity: Status and Challenges in Conservation - FAVEO 2013, Karnala Wild Life Sanctuary The Karnala Bird Sanctuary is located within Western Ghats. The sanctuary is quite small with an area of km 2. This forest is mainly classified under mixed deciduous forest and is majorly comprised of grassy, riparian, Evergreen, Deciduous and Rocky habitats. The map of Karnala Bird Sanctuary has been shown in Figure 3.19 below 90 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

109 Table 3.22: List of Trees, Shrubs, Climbers and Herbs reported at Karnala Bird Sanctuary Sr. No Name Sr. No Name Trees 1 Vangueria spinosa 57 Azadirachta indica 2 Flacoartia indica 58 Ficus retusa 3 Bauhinia racemosa 59 Butea monosperma 4 Emblica offcinalis 60 Stereosparmum chelonides 5 Bridelia retusa 61 Ficus tseila 6 Morinda pubescens 62 Peltophorum ferrugineum 7 Spondias pinnata 63 Erythrina indica 8 Mangifera indica 64 Acacia ferruginea 9 Ficas glomerata 65 Randia uliginosa 10 Terminalia timentosa 66 Ficus religiosa 11 Hymenodictyon excelsum 67 ficus arnottiana 12 Ficus asperrima 68 Oleo dioica 13 Murraya koeniglii 69 Albizzia chinensis 14 Dillenia pentagyna 70 Microcos paniculata 15 Pongamia glabra 71 Dalbergia paniculata 16 Mitragyana parvifolia 72 Mimusops elengi 17 Garuga pinnata 73 Cassia fistula 18 Lepisanthes tetraphylla 74 Pterocarpus Marsumpium 19 Wrightia tinctoria 75 Elaeodendron glaucum 20 Anacardium occidentale 76 Semecarpus anacaedium 91 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

110 21 Sideroxylon tomentosum 77 Aegle marmelos 22 Albizia procera 78 Terminalia bellirica 23 Casearia tomentosa 79 Lagerstroemia parviflora 24 Holarrhena antidysentrrica 80 Cordia dichotoma 25 Schleichera oleos 81 Ziziphus jujuba 26 Garcinia indica 82 Thespesia populnea 27 Bauhinia malabarica 83 Murraya exotica 28 Stericulia cotorata 84 Dolichondrone falcate 29 Careya arborea 85 Madhuca latifolia 30 Stereospermum xylocarpum 86 Maba nigrescens 31 Sterculia cotorata 87 Trewia nudiflora 32 Streblus asper 88 Sapindus emerginata 33,mimusops hexandra 89 Wringhtia arborea 34 Acacia catechu 90 Ixora parvifolia 35 Randia dumetorum 91 Ixora arborea 36 Gliricidia sepium 92 Ficus Bengalensis 37 Ziziphus xylopyrus 93 Albizia odoratissima 38 Grewia serrulata 94 Heterophragma roxburghii 39 Erinocarpus nimmonii 95 Kotoptelea integrifolia 40 Bauhinia foveolata 96 Embelia robusta sensu 41 Macaranga peltata 97 Kydia calycina 42 Tamarindus indica 98 Albizia lebbek 43 Lagerstroemia 99 Gmelina arborea 44 Xylia xylocarpa 100 Dalbergia lalifolia 45 Eugenia jambolana 101 Lannea coromandelica 46 Oroylum indicum 102 Phoenix sylvestris 47 Diospyros melanoxylon 103 Mallotus philippensis 48 Borassus Flabellifer 104 Tectono grandis 49 Gardenia gummifera 105 Alstonia scholaris 50 Cordia macleodii 106 Bombax ceiba 51 Ficus heterophylla 107 Salmalia insignis 52 Dalbargia lanceolaria 108 Sageraea laurifolia 53 Grewia titiaefolia 109 Mammea suriga 54 Anogeissus latifolius 110 Terminalia chebula 55 Tabernaemontana heyneana 111 Adina cordifolia 56 Lagerstroemia microcarpa 112 Saccopetalum tomentosum Shrubs Climbers 1 Adhatoda Vasica 1 Gnetum ula 2 Jatropha curcas 2 Calycopteris floribunda 3 Carissa congesta 3 Gloriosa superba 4 Moghania Strobelifera 4 Celastrus Paniculatos 5 Strobilanthes Callosus 5 Mucuna pruriens 6 Crotolaria refusa 6 Entada rheedei 7 Lantana camera 7 Abrus precatorius 8 Allophylus cobbe 8 Tinospora cordifolia 92 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

111 9 Zizphus rugosa 9 Caesalpinia sepiaria 10 Wood fordia fruticosa 10 Butea superta 11 Datura innoxia mill 11 Dalbergia horrida 12 Vitex negundo 12 Combretum ovalifolium 13 Opuntia elatior 13 Capparis sepiaria 14 Pogostemon purpurascens 14 Clematis triloba 15 Barteria prionitis 15 Wagatea Spicata 16 Helicteris isora 16 Diploclisia glaucescens 17 Ocimum americanum 18 Thespesia lampas 19 Eupatorium glandulosum 20 Calotropis gigantean 21 Xanthium indicum Herbs Grasses 1 Hemidesmus indicus 1 Ischaemum pilosum 2 Blumea tecera 2 Eragrostis tenella 3 Indigofera enephylla 3 Andropogon pumilis 4 Cassia tora 4 Andropogon pertusus 5 Urena lobata 5 Andropogon monticola 6 Pavetta tomentosa 6 Dendrocalamus strictus 7 Cleome viscose 7 Ischaemum rugousm 8 Musa superba 8 Andropogontriticeus 9 Solanum anguivi 9 Anthistria ciliate 10 Cureuma aromatic 10 Andropogon annulatus 11 Asteracantha iongifolia 11 Andropogon schoenanthus 12 Senecio grahami 12 Ischaemum indicum 13 Cynodon dactylon Table 3.23: List of Birds reported in Karnala Bird Sanctuary Sr. No. Species Name R/M Status 1 Indian Scimitar Babbler R C 2 Jungle Babbler R C 3 Puff Throated (Spotted) Babbler R C 4 Tawny Bellied Babbler R O 5 Fulveta Brown Checked (Quaker Babbler) R C 6 Brown headed (large green) Barbet R C 7 Coppersmith (Crimson breasted) Barbet R C 8 Small green Bee Eater R O 9 Red vented Bulbul R C 10 Red Whiskered Bulbul R C 11 White Browed Bulbul R C 12 White Eared (White checked) Bulbul R Rare 13 Oriental Honey Buzzard R C 14 White Eyed Buzzard LM O 93 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

112 15 House Crow R C 16 Large billed (Jungle) Crow R C 17 Coucal (Crow Pheasant) Crow R C 18 Koel Asian Cuckoo R C 19 Banded bay Cuckoo BM O 20 Common Hawk Cuckoo BM O 21 Drongo Cuckoo BM rare 22 Pied Cuckoo BM O 23 Emerald Dove R O 24 Spotted Dove R C 25 Ashy Drongo M C 26 Black Drongo R C 27 Bronzed Drongo R O 28 Greater Racket tailed Drongo R C 29 Hair crested Drongo M O 30 White bellied Drongo R O 31 Black Eagle LM rare 32 Booted Eagle M rare 33 Crested Serpent Eagle R C 34 Cattle Egret R C 35 Common Kestrel Falcon LM O 36 Peregrine-Shaheen Falcon R C 37 Shikra R C 38 Basera Sparrow hawk M Rare 39 Eurasian Sparrow hawk M rare 40 Pale billed (Tickle s) Flower pecker R C 41 Thick billed Flower pecker R C 42 Asian brown Flycatcher M O 43 Asian Paradise Flycatcher LM C 44 Grey headed Flycatcher M O 45 Monarch Flycatcher R C 46 Red Breasted Flycatcher M O 47 Rusty tailed Flycatcher M rare 48 Tickle s blue Flycatcher R C 49 Ultramarine Flycatcher M O 50 Verditer Flycatcher M O 51 White Throated Flycatcher R C 52 Black crown Heron R C 53 Indian Pond Heron R C 54 Common Hoopoe M O 55 Indian Grey Hornbill R C 56 Common Iora R C 57 Jungle fowl, Grey R rare 58 Peafowl, Common R rare 59 Spur fowl, Red R rare 94 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

113 60 Common Kingfisher R C 61 Oriental dwarf (three-toed) Kingfisher BM rare 62 White Throated Kingfisher R C 63 Black Kite R C 64 Black Shouldered Kite R O 65 Red Wattled Lapwing R C 66 Malabar Lark R O 67 Blue winged /Jordon s Leaf bird R C 68 Golden fronted Leaf bird R C 69 Dusky crag Martin R C 70 Orange Minivet R C 71 Small Minivet R C 72 Scaly breasted Munia R C 73 White rumped Munia R O 74 Avadavat, red Munia R O 75 Common Myna R C 76 Jungle Myna R O 77 Grey Nightjar R O 78 Jungle Nightjar R O 79 Black hooded Oriole R C 80 Black napped Oriole M rare 81 Eurasian golden Oriole M C 82 Jungle barred Owl R C 83 Spotted Owl R O 84 Alexandrine Parakeet R C 85 Plum-headed Parakeet R C 86 Rose ringed Parakeet R C 87 Vernal hanging (Lorikeet) Parakeet LM rare 88 Grey fronted Parakeet R C 89 Blue Rock Parakeet R C 90 Yellow footed Green Parakeet R O 91 Tree Pipit Indian Pitta R O 93 Black Redstart M rare 94 Indian Robin R C 95 Oriental Magpie Robin R C 96 Indian Roller M Rare 97 Common Sandpiper M O 98 Green Sandpiper M O 99 White rumped Shama R C 100 Long tailed/ backed Shrike M C 101 Common hood Shrike R C 102 Black headed Shrike BM O 103 Large grey Shrike R O 104 Chestnut shoulder Sparrow R C 95 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

114 105 House Sparrow R C 106 Asian pied Starling R O 107 Chest nut tailed Starling M O 108 Crimpson Sunbird R O 109 Crimpson-backed Sunbird R C 110 Loten s Sunbird R O 111 Purple Sunbird R C 112 Purple rumped Sunbird R C 113 Barn Swallow M C 114 Red Rumped Swallow R O 115 Asian Palm Swift R C 116 House Swift LM O 117 Common Tailor Bird R C 118 Blue Rock Thrush M rare 119 Blue capped rock Thrush M rare 120 Malabbar whistling Thrush R C 121 Orange headed Thrush R C 122 Rufous Tree Pie R C 123 Forest Wagtail M O 124 Grey Wagtail M O 125 Booted Wagtail M C 126 Greenish Wagtail M C 127 Sulpher bellied Wagtail M O 128 White breasted Water Hen R C 129 Baya Weaver R C 130 Brown capped Pigmy Wood pecker R C 131 Heart spotted Wood pecker R O 132 Rufus Wood pecker R C 133 White napped Wood pecker R rare 134 Yellow crowed Wood pecker R O R= resident M= Migratory LM= Local migratory BM= Breeding Migratory C= Common, O= Occasional Table 3.24: List of Prominent Mammals found in Karnala Bird Sanctuary Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name IWPA Status IUCN Status Order: Primates Family:Cercopithecidae Subfamily: Colobinae 1 Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann, 1780) Rhesus Macaques 2 Semnopithecus schistaceus Desmarest, Hanuman 1822 Langoor ORDER: RODENTIA Least Concern 96 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

115 SUBORDER: SCIUROMORPHA Family: Sciuridae (Squirrels) Subfamily: Callosciurinae 3 Funambulus paimarum (Linnaeus, 1766) Indian Palm Squirrel SUBORDER: MYOMORPHA Family: Muridae Subfamily: Muridae (Rats and Mice) 4 Mus booduga (Gray, 1837) Little Indian Field Mouse Schedule V Least Concern Least Concern 5 Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 House Mouse Schedule V Least Concern SUBORDER: HYSTRICOMORPHA Family: Hystricidae (Old world porcupines) 4 Hystrix indica Kerr, 1792 Indian Crested Porcupine ORDER: LAGOMORPHA Schedule IV Least Concern Family: Leporidae (Hares and Rabbits) 6 Lepus nigricollis F. Cuvier, 1823 Indian Hare Schedule IV Least Concern ORDER: CARNIVORA SUBORDER: FELIORMIA Family: Herpestidae (Mongooses) Subfamily: Herpestinae (Mongooses) 7 Herpestes edwardsii (t.geoffroy Saint- Hilaire, 1818) ORDER: ARTIODACTYLA Family: Suidae (Pigs) Grey Mongoose Schedule IV LR-lc 8 Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 Wild Boar Schedule III LR-nt Family: Cervidae 9 Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815 Bhekar Schedule III Least Concern Socio-economic Environment In order to study the socio-economic aspects of the communities living in and around proposed project, the required data has been collected from the publications of Census Department, (2011 Census) Government of India. The growth of any economy is dependent on various factors which include availability of natural resources, presence of feasible climatic conditions, skilled man-power, infrastructural support and a steady orientation and research towards growth and development. A vast range of 97 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

116 developmental projects have been carried out in the country. Their sole purpose has been improving the living conditions of the citizens. All developmental activities are primarily centred on human development. However, when a country needs to grow in terms of its industrial and technological standing, infrastructural development is necessary. Infrastructure ranges from providing resources to employing sets of skilled manpower for obtaining the desired results. All these elements when balanced at an international level bring about global development. At a local level when such activities are to be scoped socio-economic surveys play a key role. They not only emphasize the individual standing of a community but also delineate the possible socioeconomic outcomes of any project. They include all the elements; from the conditions of the people living in that area to their working status. When developmental activities are about to occur in any area the socio-economic standing of the locality comes to the forefront. To conduct this study secondary data source is used. The salient socio-economic parameters of the study area: Majority of the respondents are engaged in Working in Industry, Cultivation activity and other work. Sanitation facilities are satisfactory in the study area. There are open drains from where the domestic waste water is disposed. People are not at all aware and careful about hygiene and cleanliness, this has resulted to increase of health problems in the area Power supply facility is available in almost villages and town in the study area mostly for domestic purpose Drinking water sources is mostly from MIDC, wells and hand pump. As regard to the drinking water facility Medical facilities in terms of Hospital, primary health center and primary health sub centers in the rural areas are good. The hospitals are available, have very good facilities. Doctors and nurse visit the villages for providing medical treatment. Transportation facility is seen very satisfactory in the study area because the road conditions are very good and satisfactory. Almost all the people use LPG and Kerosene as a main source of fuel and few people use wood for cooking purpose Sufficient communication facility are available in the study area Educational facilities are available in the form of primary and middle schools. In some villages, it is extended up to high school. For higher studies people avail the facility from the nearest town 98 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

117 Houses of the region are mostly puccha house Awareness among the people regarding the study region project is poor Demography of the Taluka Dynamics of population is one of the prime aspects in environmental studies. The demographic attributes such as population growth, population density and its distribution, sex composition, etc. are used to understand the condition of the region. In this phase basic population aspects are studied. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Panvel in 2011 is 180,020; of which male and female are 92,484 and 87,536 respectively. In education section, total literates in Panvel city are 151,693 of which 79,450 are males while 72,243 are females. Average literacy rate of Panvel city is percent of which male and female literacy was and percent. he sex ratio of Panvel city is 946 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 904 per 1000 boys. Total children (0-6) in Panvel city are 18,459 as per figure from Census India report on There were 9,695 boys while 8,764 are girls. The child forms % of total population of Panvel City. 99 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

118 100 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

119 Sr. No. Table 3.25: Village s wise demography at a glance within 10 km Study Area 1 Name No_HH TOT_P TOT_ M TOT_F P_SC P_ST P_LIT P_ILL TOT_ WORK P MAIN WORKP 1 Akulwadi Ambivali T Tungartan (CT) 3 Ambivali T Tungartan (CT) WARD NO Ambivali T.Wankhal 5 Apte Ariwali Ashte Barwai Bhingar Bhingarwadi Borivali Borle Chambharli Chawane Chinchavan Chirvat Chouk Manivali Dahivali Dapiwali Derawali Devloli Bk Dharni Dolghar Dushmi Gherakilla Manikgad 26 Ghote Gulsunde Hatnoli Reference Census of Maharashtra, MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

120 29 Isambe Jambhivali Jambhivali Tarf Boreti 32 Jatade Jawali Kaire Kalhe Kaliwali Kambe Kandroli Tarf Wankhal 39 Karade Bk Karade Kh Karnala Karodi Kasal Khand Kasap Kasar Bhat Kharpada Kon Kopari Koral Ladiwali Lohop Majgaon Mandap Mohili Inam Mohili Khalsa Mohope Mohpada Alias Wasambe (CT) 58 Mohpada Alias Wasambe (CT) WARD NO Nadhal Narpoli Nidhavali Nigdoli Niphad Padale Pali Bk Pali Kh Parade MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

121 68 Parkhande Posari Poud Poyanje Ransai Rees (CT) Rees (CT) WARD NO Sangurli Sarang Sarsai Savale Savane Shedung Shirdhon Somtane Talashi Talavali Tupgaon Turade Turmale Vanivali Vat Vaveghar Vayal Wadgaon Warad Washiwali Where, No_HH Number of House holds TOT_P Total Population TOT_M Total Male Population TOT_F Total Female Population P_SC Scheduled Caste Population P_ST Scheduled Tribe Population P_LIT Number of Literates P_ILL Number of Illiterates TOT_WORK P Number of Total Workers MAIN_WORK P Number of Main Workers 103 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

122 Health Status As per the National Health Policy (1983), Primary Health Care has been accepted as main instrument for achieving this goal of development and strengthening rural health infrastructure through a three-tier system, viz., Primary Health Centre (PHCs), Sub Centres and Community Health Centre, which have been established. During discussion with the supervisor of PHC of the region it has been revealed that the general prevailing diseases in the region are Gastroenteritis, Diarrhoea, Fever and Malaria. Cough, cold, viral fever, diabetes, hypertension, and tuberculosis are the common diseases prevalent in the study area. Every Primary health centre organizes immunization camp, pulse polio camp, eye camp, ANC and PNC clinic and respiratory clinic Cultural and aesthetic attributes A few of the foremost celebrated festivals are Gokulashtami, Gudi Padwa, Rangapanchami, Diwali, and Ganeshotsav, and popular deities are Ganesha, Shiva and Krishna. All most all villages have temples in their villages. All people celebrate all Hindu festival commonly few villages celebrate grand yatra and puja in their villages. Villagers celebrate Ganesh chaturthi, Shiv Jayanti, Hanuman Jayanti and Gram Dev puja. Proposed project don t disturb any cultural and aesthetic environment in study area Infrastructure resource base The infrastructure resources base of the study area with reference to education, medical facility, water supply, post and telegraph, transportation and communication facility and power supply etc. are available in the area. The infrastructure resources details have been abstracted from village Directory CD 2011 of Maharashtra State and are described below: Education: Educational facilities are available in all of the villages in the study area. Literacy rate of the study area is quite good that is about 80 %. Primary, Middle and Higher schools are available in the villages. College facility is available in nearby town. Female literacy is good; people attitude regarding female education is good. Drinking Water: The water supply in the region is mostly through wells and hand pumps. For drinking purpose people are using only ground water supply, but very few hand pumps are available for drinking water. 104 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

123 Communication and Transportation: Transportation is to the satisfactory level in the villages. Bus service is available in all most all villages. The roads condition is good and also properly maintained. Most of the villages in the study area have the communication facility i.e. post office at village. Private telephone connections in most of the villages. Power Supply: Almost all villages are electrified in the region and electricity is available for domestic purpose in all the villages while power supply used for agricultural purpose is rare. Medical/Primary Health Care: Medical facilities in terms of; primary health center and primary health sub centers are adding medical facility in the villages. Primary Health Centre in the study area is available at a distance of 0-5 km in the villages and primary health sub centers are also available in most of the village. Community Health worker and doctors visit villages periodically and provide health facilities to the people. Vaccination and health camps are also organized by PHC to aware the people about family planning, hygiene, and health care. Observation The salient observations recorded during survey in the study area: Majority of the respondents are engaged in working in Industry, agriculture activity and other work and allied activities. Sanitation facilities are unsatisfactory in the study area. There are open drains from where the domestic waste water is disposed. People are not at all aware and careful about hygiene and cleanliness, this has resulted to increase of health problems in the area. Power supply facility is available in almost villages and town in the study area mostly for domestic purpose. Drinking water sources is mostly from gram Panchayat water supply also from wells and hand pump. As regard to the drinking water facility people expressed that the quality of river water is poor. Medical facilities in terms of primary health center and primary health sub centers in the rural areas are good. The hospitals are available, have very good facilities. Doctors and nurse visit the villages for providing medical treatment. Transportation facility is seen very satisfactory in the study area because the road conditions are very good and satisfactory. People awareness about the development of Industrial area. Some of the villagers are complaining for pollution 105 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

124 Existing Industries in the Study Area Alkyl Amines and Chemicals Ltd. Jaysynth Dyestuff Ltd. A/7, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga A/29, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Amri India Pvt Ltd. Joti Foam Products Ltd. Plot No. 181, Jawahar Co-Indstrial Estate A/27, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Kamothe Tal : Panvel Dist : Raigad Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Anaga Specialities Pvt Ltd Kamani Oil Industries Pvt Ltd Gat No. 28, 2b, Savroli Kharpada Road, Takai - Adoshi Road Tal : Khalapur At : Kumbhivali, Tal : Khalapur Khopoli Dist : Raigad Antony Garages Pvt. Ltd. K.D.L Bio - Tech Ltd. Plot No. D-2, Add. Patalganga Ind. Area Village : Savaroli, Khopoli - Khalapur (Engg. Zone) Patalganga, Post Box - 07 Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad Dist: Raigad, Pin Astec Lifesicences Ltd Lakeland Chemicals ( I ) Ltd. B/17 Midc Industrial Area, Mahad Survey No. 63, 6a, 6b, At : Madap Dist ; Raigad Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad Azeocryst Organics Pvt. Ltd. Lona Industries Ltd. A/17, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga At : Ladivali, Po : Rasayani Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Dist: Raigad, Pin: Baba Steels Pvt Ltd Om Barrels 102/25 Savroli, Khopoli - Khalapur Hissa No. 1 - A / 2 - A, Survey No. 108 Tal : Khalapur, Dist : Raigad Village : Wavanje, Tal : Panvel, Dist : Raigad Bakul Aromatics and Chemicals Ltd. P I Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd A/6, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Plot No. B - 32, G - 2 and G - 3, Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Midc Industrial Area Mahad, Dist : Raigad Parekh Stainless Wire Pvt Ltd Bhansali Bright Bars Pvt Ltd Plot No. 24/2-25/2 Village : Kumbhivali Tal : Khalapur Survey No ,108-B,108-C, Village : Tambati Khopoli - Khalapur, Tal : Khalapur, Dist : Raigad Bhushan Steels Ltd Parale International Pvt. Ltd. At : Savroli, Tal : Khalapur, At : Vanivali, Tal: Khalapur, Dist : Raigad Dist: Raigad, Pin: Castrol ( I ) Ltd. Prasol Chemicals Ltd A/8-15, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Takai Adoshi Road Honad Village Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Khopoli Tal : Khalapur Dist : Raigad Cipla Ltd. Reliance Industries Ltd. A/33/1-2, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga B/1, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Conros Steel Pvt. Ltd. Survey No. 26,28,29,12, At: Vanvathe Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Rishraj Filaments Ltd Survey No. 45,46,47-1-1b( 3 ) At : Kumbhivali Tal : Khalapur, Dist : Raigad D S V Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Unit No. 2, Plot No. 10, At: Esambe, Po: Majgaon Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin : Dawood Scrap Merchants Rohinjan Village At : Panvel Mumbra Panvel Road Dist : Raigad Delta System 106 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd. Romit Resins Pvt Ltd P/25, Gala No. 4, Community Building Bawan Bunglow, Panvel Co-Op Hsg. Society Panvel, Pin : Rubby Mills Ltd Village : Dhamni, Savroli - Kharpada Road Tal : Khalapur, Dist Raigad

125 Plot No. 17, Panchsheel Ind. Estate Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd. Savroli Kharpada Road, Kharsundi Village At : Esambe, Tal: Khalapur, Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Dist: Raigad, Pin: Dimple Drums and Barreles Ltd. Bombay Dyeing and Mfg. Co. Ltd. At: Gulsunde, Po: Rasayani A/1, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Dujodwala Products Ltd. Saiprabha Marine Services Pvt Ltd Savroli Kharpada Road, At: Kumbhivali A/P : Dighode Tal : Uran Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Dist : Raigad Eastern Petroleum Pvt Ltd Samrat Wire And Steel , Jawhar Indl Estate, Survey No , Village : Dheku Kamothe, Panvel Khopoli - Khalapur Dist - Raigad, Maharashtra Tal : Khalapur, Dist : Raigad Elder Health and Care Ltd. Santogen Silk Mills Ltd. A/38-3, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga A/13, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Elder Pharmaceutical Ltd. Satyam Pharma Chem Pvt Ltd A/36, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga A/31, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Elder Projects Ltd. Siddhant Industries Pvt. Ltd A/38-2, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga At: Ransai ( Khopoli Pen Road ) Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal : Khalapur, Dist: Raigad Gargi Huttenes Albertus Pvt Ltd ( Khopoli Unit ) Silicon International Products Takai - Adoshi Road, Vill : Atkargaon S R 3615, A - 2, Villege : Dahivali, Tal : Khalapur Dist : Raigad Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Gayatri Paper Mills Ltd. Sundshield Chemicals Ltd A/32, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Village : Rasal Pali Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal : Khalapur Dist : Raigad Hanil Era Textiles Ltd Tata Power Company Ltd Village : Vanivali, Tal : Khalapur Mw Dg Set Project Dist : Raigad, Pin Survey No. 119 A/B, Village : Ris ( Lodhivali ) Tal : Khalapur, Dist : Raigad Hindustan Insecticides Ltd. Thermax Ltd Po : Rasayani, Dist : Raigad At : Paudh Tal : Khalapur Pin : Dist : Raigad Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd. Times Mauser Industries Pvt Ltd Po : Rasayani, Dist : Raigad Survey No. 160/191 At ; Ambeghar, Pin : Pen Khopoli Road Tal : Pen Dist : Raigad Hindustan Stainless Unitop Chemicals Ltd. Savroli - Kharpada Road Village : Kumbhivali A/18, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Tal / Po : Khalapur, Khopoli, Dist : Raigad Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Pin : Indian Speciality Chemical Company Vasundhra Fine Organics Pvt Ltd Gat No. 355, Takai - Adoshi Road, 48, Vridc Village : Lohop, Po: Majgaon Village - Adoshi, Tal: Khalapur, Tal : Khalapur, Dist : Raigad Dist: Raigad Indoco Remedies Ltd Venus Wire Industries Pvt Ltd A/26, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga At : Atkargaon Po : Sajgaon Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal " Khalapur Dist : Raigad Wanbury Ltd. 107 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

126 Inox Air Products Ltd. A/15, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga A/5, Midc Industrial Area, Patalganga Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Insinox Steels Ltd Woodall India Pvt Ltd Village : Savaroli, Khopoli - Khalapur Plot No. 15, 18, Lophgaon, Po: Isamba (Ptg) Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Yash Enterprises Plot No. 32, Honad Tembewada Road Interdril Repair and Services Honad, Khalapur, Dist : Raigad Gat No. 24, At : Borivali, Zenith Multiple Wires Pvt Ltd Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad, Pin: Grass Steels Compound Sr. No. 7 At : Dheku, Tal : Khalapur, Dist : Raigad Conclusion All the basic facilities like road and rail connectivity, medical and educational facilities and other required basic facilities are available in and around the project site to some extent. People residing near MIDC are aware of industrial development around. People have given mixed opinion about Industrial development. Due to MIDC, Infrastructural development is happen rapidly. MIDC providing water supply, Road development, employment opportunity. Due to upcoming proposed project, there will be additional requirement of facilities by the employees of the project. Baseline Environmental quality fund well within prescribed limit of the IS/CPCB standard. 108 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

127 CHAPTER IV: Anticipated Environment Impact and Mitigation Measures In this chapter prediction and evaluation of impacts from various activities during construction and operation phase of the proposed project are interpreted. The possibility of alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration are described in this chapter. Beneficial (positive) and adverse (negative) impacts on various components of environment are identified based on the nature of the various activities associated with proposed project Predictions are superimposed over baseline environmental status to derive ultimate environmental scenario. 4.1 Introduction Probable impact predictions are superimposed over baseline environmental status to derive post project environmental scenario. The impacts can be classified into various categories depending upon various aspects. Impacts considered for the present study are described below, Direct and indirect impacts Direct impacts occur through direct interaction of an activity with an environmental, social, or economic component. For example, a discharge of any industry or an effluent from the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) from the industrial estates into a river may lead to a decline in water quality in terms of high biological oxygen demand (BOD) or dissolved oxygen (DO) or rise of water toxins. Indirect impacts on the environment are these which are not a direct result of the project, often produced away from or as a result of a complex impact pathway. The indirect impacts are also known as secondary or even third level impacts. For example, ambient air SO2 rise due to stack emissions may deposit on land as SO4 and cause acidic soils. Another example of indirect impact is the decline in water quality due to rise in temperature of water bodies receiving cooling water discharge from the nearby industry. Temporary and Permanent impacts Temporary or Short-term impacts can be defined as impacts that will last for a short time, or impacts that will have an effect soon rather than in the distant future. For example impact due to Floods. Permanent or Long-term impacts mean when there is a change that can affect the environment but either takes a long time or lasts a long time. Long-term impacts can be undetectable impacts they are somewhat quite predictable. For example impact due to oil spill contamination. 109 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

128 Positive and negative impacts Positive impacts can be defined as impacts that will be beneficial to the environment. For example a setting up of an industry will provide employment to the local personnel which is a positive impact. Negative impacts can be defined as impacts that will affect the environmental attributes. For example, the smoke coming out of a chimney of an industry will cause air pollution which is a negative impact. Cumulative impacts Cumulative impact consists of an impact that is created as a result of the combination of the project evaluated in the EIA together with other projects causing related impacts. These impacts occur when the incremental impact of the project is combined with the cumulative effects of other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future projects. 4.2 Identification of the Impact The identification of impacts is that it aids in making appropriate decision to mitigate the adverse consequences if any. Based on the impact prediction, suitable mitigation measures are identified for implementation during project execution. The proposed project may influence the environment of the area in three phases: A) Construction phase: During the Construction period, the impacts may be temporary or short term. Construction activities are as under Site development (Excavation) Civil and structural construction Transportation of raw materials and labour B) Erection and commissioning phase: Transportation and Installation of machinery Erection of other infrastructure C) Operational Phase: During the Operation Phase the effects may be long term due to following activities Fuel and raw material consumption Storage and transportation Manufacturing process 110 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

129 Resource utilization (power, water, land etc.) Waste generation (Solid and hazardous waste): handling, storage and disposal Air emission and its control Water and waste water minimization, reuse, recycling and final disposal. Transportation of raw material and end products Green belt development Various environmental attributes which are considered while identifying the impacts have been shown in Table 4.1 below - Table 4.1: Environmental parameter for impact identification Attributes Air Environment Water Environment Noise Environment Soil/ Land Environment Biological Environment Socioeconomic Environment Occupational health and Safety Environment Parameters Sources, ambient air quality, emission control, environment and health effects, meteorological conditions Sources, water and wastewater quality, environment and health effects Sources, control measures, environment and health effects Land use, change in land use pattern, pollution sources, soil quality change, environment and health effects Flora and fauna of the study area, vegetation and habitat change and control measures Demographical details, economic status, employment status, infrastructure availability, environment and health effects Identification of health hazards due to operation, material handling, exposure of hazardous chemicals, health and safety plan and disaster management. 4.3 Evaluation of Impacts Evaluation of impacts involves determination of nature and extent of impacts due to different industrial activities or the actions involved. Here it is determined whether the environmental impacts are 1) Positive or Negative Impact 2) Short term or Long term Impact. 3) Temporary or Permanent Impact. Based on the Environmental Impact Analysis, the impacts are assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative assessment is done with the help of mathematical modelling wherever 111 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

130 possible. The mathematical model used for assessment in the present study includes AERMOD View Version dispersion model for air quality and ALOHA Gaussian model for quantitative risk analysis. Qualitative assessment is done with the help of primary data collected on field and secondary data available at various sources. The impact quantification has been done by checklist method. 4.4 Identification of Project Specific Impacts during Construction and Operation Phase During construction and commissioning phase The construction phase of the project is expected to last for about one year. Hence, all construction impacts on the environment can be considered short term as compared to the operational impacts. During construction stage, excavation, material storage and movement, vehicular movement, mixing operation etc. could affect air quality. However, such impacts will be minimized by taking appropriate measures as described in EMP. The following activities given in checklist among others are likely to contribute towards impacts on the surroundings during construction phase. Table 4.2: Construction and Commission phase impact assessment Environment components Construction Phase Project activity Impacts on Site clearing Site preparation Transportation of material Civil/constructio n work Influx of construction workers Resources utilization Fuel Electricity Water Air Air Quality Land/ Soil Soil erosion Contamination Alteration of Soil properties/ Soil Quality Land topography Noise Noise pollution Ecology Effect on trees, grasses, herbs and shrubs Health Sanitation 112 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

131 Occupational Health and Hazards Generation of temporary and permanent Jobs Impacts on Land/ Soil Environment Table 4.3: Impact Prediction and proposed mitigation measures for land environment Activities Impact without mitigation measures Proposed mitigation measures Excavation, land clearance Waste water and solid waste from construction activity Site preparation activities shall change land use and land cover which will result in loss of fertility of top soil and will change the natural terrain of the land. Fertile soil and nature of terrain supports associated living of organisms. Sewage by the worker and other staff involved during construction phase. Untreated sewage and garbage disposal on land might pollute the land which may change physical and chemical properties of soil. Soil properties affects the living organisms present in the soil. Improper disposal of sewage and garbage provides breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria. Proposed site is plain with few undulating patches. No major excavation will be needed. Excavated soil will be stored properly to avoid the spread of wind-blown dust and shall be reused for backfilling and landscape development. Proposed land is vacant with minor scrubby vegetation. Local labour will be involved in the construction work. Hence no labour colony will be on the site. Sewage generation will be very minor and will not cause harmful effect on land. Add quantity of sewage generated Spillage and leakage material during construction will be prevented by providing well lined/ paved area for the works having potential of leakage/ spillage of fuel or material. Materials like wooden boxes and jute wrappers will be stored and disposed of properly Impacts on Air Quality Impact will be predicated on ambient air quality, environment and health. Table 4.4: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation measures for air environment Sources Levelling, Grading, earthworks, foundation works and other Impact without mitigation measures Increase in the levels of PM within the plant area. Dust accumulation on leaf retard the photosynthesis rate of plant which affect growth of plants Proposed mitigation measures Temporary impact within factory premises. Temporary impact within factory premises. 113 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

132 construction related activities Transportation Health problems to construction workers like eye irritation, coughing and sneezing. Increase in the levels of SO 2, NOx, PM and CO within the plant area Precautions like water sprinkling, PPEs to worker temporary walls around construction site will minimize to health effect and property damage. Covered transportation, regular maintenance of vehicles, PUC check, avoiding overloading, minimize Idling of vehicles Impacts on Noise Quality Major noise generation due to handling of raw material, construction equipment, DG set. However, it will be up to 75 db (A) and it will be within plant premises. Table 4.5: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for noise environment Sources Impact without mitigation measures Levelling, Grading, High noise level leads to earthworks disturbance to immediate foundation works and surrounding i.e. workers, other construction biological and social related activities environment. Biological environment i.e. Birds, reptiles are sensitive to high noise level. Continuous exposure of high noise level sometimes leads to hearing defects and physical Transportation Increasing in road traffic disrupts social environment i.e. Residential, hospital, school religious places in the area. Proposed mitigation measures Ear muffs and Ear plugs shall be provided to workers. Regular maintenance of vehicles. Temporary walls around construction will acts as noise barrier. Night time construction activity shall be prohibited. Peak hour traffic shall be avoided. Regular maintenance of vehicles. Internal village road shall be avoided Impacts on water quality Anticipated impact on water quality will be from sewage disposal, leachate percolation, and surface runoff. Table 4.6: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for water environment. Sources/Activity Sewage disposal surface and ground water contamination due to percolation of leachate generated during construction Impact without mitigation measures Disposal of sewage, runoff, and percolation of leachate causes water pollution and deterioration of water quality i.e. ph, EC, BOD, COD. Quantify the sewage Proposed mitigation measures Temporary arrangement for sanitation facility shall be done construction materials shall be stored on tarpaulin sheets Leachate from storage shall not be allowed to runoff into natural water body. Separate drain will be provided to avoid surface runoff. 114 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

133 Impacts on Ecological Environment The proposed project is located in notified industrial area of Additional Patalganga MIDC. Hence, impacts on ecology due project on immediate surrounding is not envisaged. No major impacts on water and land environment is anticipated. No major tree cutting is involved. Proposed plot is vacant with minor scrubby vegetation with seasonal herbs and shrubs. Identified impacts are short term and limited within factory premises. Nearby ecologically sensitive receptors are Karnala Bird Wildlife sanctuary which falls within 5 km radius i.e. around 2.3 km in west and Patalganga River which is flowing at a distance of 1.1 km in West from the project site. However, as stated proposed project will be in notified MIDC, hence there will not be any adverse negative impact during construction phase. Table 4.7: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for ecological environment Sources/Activity Transportation, Levelling, grading, earthworks, foundation works and other construction related activities Impact without mitigation measures Impacts on ecology due project on immediate surrounding is not envisaged. Particulate matter emission affects flora and fauna in the area. Particulate matter hinders Photosynthetic activities. Proposed plot is vacant with minor scrubby vegetation with seasonal herbs and shrubs. Proposed mitigation measures Temporary walls around construction site will avoid dust emission outside the site. It will be restricted to construction site only. Top soil will be reutilized in green belt development in the factory premises Impacts on Social environment The proposed project is located in notified industrial area of Additional Patalganga MIDC. Hence, there is no habitation and resettlement issues. Positive social benefits are envisaged due to project in terms of employment generation during construction and operation phases. Table 4.8: Impact prediction and proposed mitigation majors for social environment Sources/Activity Transportation, Levelling, grading, earthworks, foundation works and other construction related activities, Resources consumption. Impact without mitigation measures Emission of particulate matters/dust Dust emission may cause health impact like respiratory problems. Risk associate during construction work. Accidents due to unsafe practices, leads to sever health injuries. Influx of people causes minor increase in road traffic. 115 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd. Proposed mitigation measures All necessary PPEs shall be provided to workers. Water sprinkling will be done whenever necessary. Training shall be conducted between construction workers for safe practices. Proper supervision on construction work to avoid major accidents

134 There will be direct and indirect employment generation. Approximately 50 persons will be benefited. The impacts on traffic due to increase in vehicle movement shall not be anticipated as truck trips will not exceed more than 5 trips per day During Operation Phase During operation phase, there will be impacts due to emission from storage, transportation, manufacturing processes, etc. on air, water, soil, and biological environment. In absence of appropriate mitigation measures, impacts may cause damage to various environmental attributes. Impact Assessment Matrix during Operation phase of the project has been formulated in order to identify the impacts and suggest appropriate mitigation measures. This Impact checklist has been shown in the Table 4.9 below Table 4.9: Operation phase impact assessment Environment components Activities Impacts on Manufacturing Operation Phase Thermo pack operation Storage of raw material and Products Fugitive and Stack emissions Effluent generation Solid hazardous disposal Traffic Runoff Green belt development Resources Fuel utilization Electricity Water Air Air Quality Soil/Land Contamination Alteration of Soil properties/ Soil Quality Noise Noise pollution Ecology Effect on trees, grasses, herbs and shrubs, fauna Occupational Health Health and Sanitation Hazards Generation of temporary and permanent Jobs 116 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

135 Considering the project activities above mentioned impact prediction has been made, the anticipated considerable impacts on the environment are, Land/ Soil environment Ambient air quality Water quality Noise levels Water resources Impact on Land/ Soil Environment Soil quality may deteriorate due to improper storage and disposal of chemicals and products. Major anticipated impacts are described below. Table 4.10: Impact Prediction and Proposed Mitigation measures for land/ Soil Sources/Activity Storage and transportation of chemicals, other raw material, product. Leakages through various connecting pipelines, breakdown of storage utility other control equipment Storage of hazardous chemicals, Waste material. Storage of Propionic acid, acetic acid Hydrated Lime/Lime, Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, Furnace oil. Environment Impact without mitigation measures Soil deterioration change in soil properties due to disposal of chemicals Other toxic material leads to low fertility. Hazardous waste will be Spent Oil (30 L/Month), ETP Sludge (50 MT/m), Wastes/ Residue Containing Oil (0.2 MT/Month), Discarded Bags (2,60,000 nos./ Month), Spent Resin (3 KL/Month) and Old Catalysts from the process (50 kg/m). Disposal or leakages on land causes soil deterioration, change in soil properties due to disposal of chemicals or Proposed mitigation measures Regular monitoring of the storage area for leakages Periodic maintenance of vehicles and storage facility Provision of storm water drain. Training to employees for proper handling and precautionary measure to be taken. Concrete flooring will be provided within the storage area and plant area. In case of failure of pollution control equipment plant shall be shutdown. Hazardous will be stored in designated area. Leakages shall be avoided with proper maintenance and monitoring. Hazardous waste shall be sent to CHWTSDF. Discarded Bags, Wastes/ Residue Containing Oil & Spent Resin will be sold off to authorised recyclers. Old catalysts will be regenerated within the plant. 117 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

136 Waste water generation and disposal. Total effluent generation will be m 3 /day which will be treated in proposed ETP cum STP of 18m 3 /day capacity. Domestic Waste water will also be treated in ETP cum STP of Capacity 18 m 3 /day. other toxic material leads to low fertility. Untreated effluent may increase level of toxic compound in soil. Toxic compound in soil will result in change in soil property ultimately leads to low fertility of the soil of the contaminated area. Negative effect on aesthetic environment Proper effluent treatment shall be provided. 18 m 3 /day capacity of ETP cum STP is proposed for treatment of both Industrial as well as Domestic Waste water. No effluent shall be disposed on the land. Factory proposes ZLD scheme for proposed effluent Impacts on Ambient Air Environment No process emission from the manufacturing process is envisaged. Air emissions are anticipated from Steam Boiler and D.G set stack. One DG set of capacity 1000 kva will be utilized in case of power failure. One Steam Boiler of capacity 5 TPH will be used in the manufacturing process. Adequate stack height of 48 m will be provided. The air pollutant that are discharged from the proposed unit are Dust particulate from vehicular movement in the premises Particulate matter Sulphur-di-Oxide and Nitrogen oxide etc. from DG and stack. Fugitive emissions from raw material storage and handling. TPM shall be less than <100 mg/m 3, SO 2 and NO x emission shall be below prescribed limit of MPCB guideline. Probable Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of pollutant due to proposed project is estimated by AERMOD model. Anticipated impacts and its mitigations measures are described in below Table Table 4.11: Impact Prediction ad Proposed Mitigation measures for Air Environment Sources/Activity Vehicular movement, material product transportation and Fugitive emissions due Storage and handling of raw materials and products Impact without mitigation measures Increase in PM, SO 2, NOx and CO due to vehicular emission. The truck trips during the operation phase will not exceed more than 8-10 truck trips per day. Air quality gets deteriorated and negatively affect human and ecological health. Impact on air quality are likely to occur due to fugitive emissions during handling and transferring of materials, products and storage tanks, in Proposed mitigation measures Periodic maintenance of vehicles should be carried out. Green belt development. Periodic maintenance of vehicles and material storage area Workplace monitoring will be carried at regular intervals. 118 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

137 Process emissions and Utility Operations System break down case of improper handling or absence of proper control. During product storage and packing odour will be generated which could affect mood, anxiety and stress level. Hazards material storage may affect impact on ambient air quality and may cause human and ecological health due to temporary increase in level of PM, SO 2, NO X No process emissions are anticipated Air emissions are anticipated from Steam Boiler stack and from DG set Deterioration ambient air quality due to emissions resulting in increase in PM, SO 2, NOx Steam Boiler with adequate 48 m stack height. DG set will be utilized in case of power failure. D.G meeting CPCB norms will be installed. Also, the predicted level of pollutants in the ambient air are well below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Emergency shutdown will be done in case of system failure Solid hazardous waste management (handling, storage, transportation, and disposal) shall be made as per statutory equipment/ guidelines. For complying with the regulations regarding emergency situations, standard operating procedures shall be made. Model accepts hourly meteorological data records to define conditions for plume rise, transport, diffusion and deposition. The model estimates the concentration value for source and receptor combination for each hour of input meteorology and calculates user-selected short-term averages. Air Modelling Air pollution causes harmful effect on environment and on living organism. Air pollutants can be in the form of particulate matter which can be harmful to human health. Short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Others include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Short-term air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. Continual exposure to air 119 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

138 pollution affects the lungs of growing children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in the elderly. Air emissions from stacks and other sources can cause health and nuisance problems in the locality. Air Dispersion Modelling predicts emissions from a site and help explore the effect of various solutions. The air dispersion model will take the stack emissions and combine these with the weather conditions and effects of topography (hills, buildings etc.) and then predict the concentration at ground level of the emissions. The concentration of the substances are then generally compared to the ambient air quality standards. Methodology The dispersion modelling studies of proposed pollutant was carried out using AERMOD version which is also approved by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and also recommended by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC). AERMOD Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System Atmospheric dispersion modelling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere. It is performed with computer programs that include algorithms to solve the mathematical equations that govern the pollutant dispersion. The dispersion models are used to estimate the downwind ambient concentration of air pollutants or toxins emitted from sources as well as the distance travelled by these harmful pollutants. They can also be used to predict future concentrations under specific scenarios. Prior to air quality modelling exercise, meteorological condition of one season within the study area was studied. Concentrations were estimated for the critical pollutants over 8 and 24 hours and compared with NAAQS. Potential Air Environment Impact Assessment During operation phase, one Steam Boiler of capacity 5 TPH will be proposed with separate stack. The main air pollution source and SO 2 and NO x may be expected as prime criteria air pollutants. Based on the model simulation result under observed meteorological condition, 24 hours average maximum GLC of PM 10, PM 2.5 & SO X due to proposed boilers are predicted to be approximately , and 0.43 µg/m 3 respectively and occurs at a distance at about 500 m, 510 m and 490 m from the common stack location in the S and E direction. Model simulated result envisages that incremental ground level concentrations of critical pollutants due to proposed plant operation may be expected minimal and the resultant concentration level of SO 2 and NO x pollutants may also be expected well within the NAAQS. 120 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

139 Sr. no Table 4.12: Stack Height Details Particulates Stack One (5 TPH Boiler) Stack Two (DG Set 1000 kva) 1 Fuel Firing rate 124 kg/hr L/hr 2 Fuel Type Furnace Oil Diesel 3 Air/Fuel Ratio Excess air 17.0 % - 5 Temperature 230 O C 500 O C 6 Volumetric Flow rate 5.88 m 3 /s 2.66 m 3 /s 7 Height 48 m 10 m 8 Stack dia. 600 mm 300 mm 9 Exit velocity 14 m/sec. 30 m/s 10 Emission Rate of PM 10 (g/s) carried for impact Assessment 11 Emission Rate of PM 2.5 (g/s) carried for impact Assessment 12 Emission Rate of SO x (g/s) carried for impact Assessment 13 Emission Rate of NO x (g/s) carried for impact Assessment 14 Control equipment preceding Process Vapour Absorber 10 m stack above roof the stack 15 Emission Control System provided Oxygen Trimming With Digital Burner Management System MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

140 122 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

141 123 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

142 124 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

143 125 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

144 Impact on Traffic Density Incoming raw material will be mainly Methanol, Urea, Caustic Soda, Formic Acid, Melamine, Phenol, etc. The transportation shall be carried out by tempos or trucks. Existing Road network details The site is well connected by paved internal MIDC road which connects to Savroli Kharpada road further connecting Mumbai Pune express way on the Eastern side at 8 km and Mumbai Goa NH 66 on the western side at 8 km. Impacts and Mitigation measures During operation phase, approx nos. of raw material transportation vehicles per month will be running. Present road condition is good and has adequate capacity to carry the above number of vehicles during season. Road will be maintained in good condition. Covered transportation shall be followed. Hence there will not be any fugitive dust generation during transportation of raw materials, fuel, and products. Good traffic management system will be developed and implemented for the incoming and outgoing vehicles so as to avoid congestion on the public road. Separate m 2 area is earmarked for parking in the company premises Impact on Noise Environment Change the content ambient noise levels will be increased during operation phase due to machineries and other industrial activities. However the impacts of noise during this phase will be confined within plant boundary or within the source of generation. Table 4.13: Impact Prediction and Proposed mitigation measures for Noise Environment Sources/Activity Vehicular movement, material, product transportation, storage and handling of raw materials and products Process and Utility Operations (Raw and finished product handling, machineries, Thermo- packs, DG set etc.) Impact without mitigation measures Loading and unloading of material /products continuous exposure causes hearing problems Fans, blowers and compressors, Thermopack, anticipated noise level will be < 80 db. continuous exposure causes hearing problems Proposed mitigation measures Regular maintenance of vehicles and PPES to workers PPES to workers Maintenance of all equipment s. Acoustic enclosures will be provided to all high noise generating equipment. Green belt development in the premises helps to minimize and restrict the noise level in the factory premises. 126 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

145 Noise Modelling Study Ambient noise levels were monitored at 8 locations within the study area, identified during preliminary baseline survey. Noise level sampling was carried out in the month of October to December Noise levels were measured by Noise meter, at predetermined Sampling Locations as expressed in Chapter 3 of EIA-EMP Report. Based on reconnaissance survey, sensitive receptors such were identified in order to measure the intensity of noise due to operation of Boiler and DG set. The baseline Noise level of Boiler is considered to be 80 db(a) where as that of DG set is 75 db(a). Dhwanipro software is used for carrying out Noise Modelling Studies. Results of the same are given below Table 4.14 Results of Noise Modelling Sr. No. Receptor Details Noise Level Distance from project site Direction CPCB Limit 1. Receptor Receptor W Receptor N Receptor E Receptor S 75 From the results it can be concluded that there will be minimalistic impact of Noise arising out of DG set and Boiler. The noise will be limited to factory site. Adequate provision of PPE kit, Ear plugs, Mufflers will be provided to the workers during operation phase to mitigate the impact of Noise. The contour map of Noise level is shown in Figure 4.5 below 127 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

146 128 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

147 Impact on Water Environment The fresh water Requirement for industrial use will be 300 m 3 /d. However, water required for domestic activity will be 1 m 3 /d, Washing will be 1 m 3 /d and that for green belt will be 3 m 3 /d. Thus the total water requirement will be 305 m 3 /d which will be supplied by MIDC. Total effluent generation will be m 3 /d which will be treated in proposed ETP cum STP of 18 m 3 /d capacity. Zero discharge system will be achieved. Table 4.15: Impact Prediction and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Environment Sources/Activity Storage and transportation of raw materials and products Consumption of resources (water) Manufacturing of Products and Utility operations Temporary breakdown and repair equipment of Impact without mitigation measures Disposal/leakages/ spillage deteriorate the surface water and ground water quality in the area which ultimately affect aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. Exploitation of resources Disposal of untreated effluent into surface water and ground water will deteriorate water quality in the area which affect aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem Untreated water spillages on land or surface water bodies will contaminate water. Proposed mitigation measures Dyke wall shall be constructed wherever necessary. Storage area shall be on concrete based plant form Water will be provided by MIDC hence no extraction of ground water or surface water is envisaged. Water will be recycled in the process and in gardening. Roof top rain water harvesting shall be done in the premises. Wastewater will be generated from industrial process and domestic activity which will be treated in proposed 18 m 3 /d ETP cum STP. Strom water drainage shall be provided to avoid industrial area runoff to the natural rain water runoff. Regular maintenance of the ETP shall be done. ETP tanks shall have impervious flooring with garland drains. In case of failure of ETP, emergency shutdown of plant will be taken. 129 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

148 18 m 3 /d 13 Cooling Tower Pri. Settling Aeration PSF & ACF RO 16 RO 2 RO MEE Greenbelt MEE Parameters Inlet to Outlet RO ETP ph BOD mg/l 150 <10 COD mg/l 400 <30 TSS mg/l 250 Nil TDS mg/l 1500 < MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

149 Impact on Ecological Environment As stated earlier project will be located in notified MIDC area. There will not be any ecological damage as far as the project site is concern. No major tree cutting will be envisaged. Only ground clearance with some herbaceous species with few shrubs will be cleared. Karnala Bird sanctuary is located at a distance of 2.3 km from the project site and as per modelling exercise, emission is unlikely to reach Karnala. Being ZLD, no impact on receiving water body is envisaged. Thus, we do not anticipate any major impact on air, water, noise, land environment. Table 4.16: Identification of Impacts and Mitigation measures for Ecological Environment Sources/Activity Storage and transportation of raw materials and products, Hazardous storage Impact without mitigation measures Disposal of raw material/ product on land, dust accumulation causes toxic effect on terrestrial flora in terms of hindering the growth, photosynthetic activity, burning of leaves, affect flowering fruiting. Proposed mitigation measures Covered transport, concreted storage lining. Reduction of fugitive emissions through Proper storage, regular maintenance of raw material and product. Manufacturing of Products and Utility operations Temporary breakdown and repair equipment of Burning of fuel stack emissions of PM, SO 2, NOx, and CO etc. Disposal of untreated effluent, Storm water runoff drains contaminates of surface water bodies thereby changing water characteristics which effect aquatic in terms of flora loss of species, bioaccumulation and bio- magnification ultimately can affect food chain. Ecological damage in case of complete failure of the pollution control equipment s and other utilities. Adequate stack height will be provided by the proponent for better dispersion of pollutants generated from the utilities. Regular maintenance and supervision of the all pollution control equipment s and the process utilities Impact on Socio-Economic Environment No resettlement and rehabilitation (R & R) will be required as the proposed project will be located in notified industrial estate of Additional Patalganga MIDC. No additional infrastructure is required, MIDC has provided proper road network, Water, electricity availability. Hence, there will not be any burden of natural resources exploitation on local community. Minor increase in traffic is anticipated due to transportation of materials. But the project will generate employment potential. 131 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

150 Table 4.17: Identification of Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Socio-Economic Sources/Activity Storage and transportation of raw materials and products Solid hazardous waste management Manufacturing of Products and Utility operations Temporary breakdown and repair equipment of Environment Impact without mitigation measures Occupational health and safety hazard may occur due to transportation and handling of materials. Exposure of chemicals causes health effect like, bronchitis, eye irritation, cough, stress, skin irritation and headache. Impact on health of the employee and the immediate surrounding if improperly handled. Fugitive emissions are storage, transportation, handling is anticipated. Health and safety during operation of equipment operation Employment generation Migratory population influx causes certain changes in the social culture Spillage/emissions of chemicals, gaseous emissions, effluents, hazardous waste affect human health of immediate surrounding Proposed mitigation measures All precautionary PPES shall be provided. Safety officers shall monitor the workers Proper training for handling of equipment s, chemicals shall be provided. Precautionary measures signs shall be displayed wherever needed. Standard operating procedure for storage and handling, safety, disaster and emergency action shall be displayed and strictly followed by the workers/ staff engage in such activities. Safety officer will supervise the same. Identification of risk and hazards due to storage and of hazardous waste like process filtrate, process residues and spent oil shall be assessed and its emergency action plan shall be executed. SOPs shall be made and displayed wherever it is necessary. All precautionary PPES and first aid shall be provided. Local people shall be engaged as much as possible to avoid migratory influx Corporate Environment responsibility plan as per MOEFCC rules with the help of local need shall be implemented. Proper safety measures with PPES, First aid box, awareness, and training will be provided. 4.5 Summary of Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures Significant Impacts from the project activities and its mitigation measures are summarized in Table 4.18 below 132 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

151 Sr. Environment No. Aspects 1. Air Environment 2. Water Environment Table 4.18: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures Potential source of Impact Stack emissions, vehicular movement, raw material handling Exploitation of surface water and disposal of waste water on land Proposed mitigation measures Effective stack height PUC of the vehicles shall be checked periodically Periodical maintenance of vehicles If required spraying of water on the road to suppress the dust emission The total water requirement is about 305 m 3 /d for domestic, process, cooling and gardening purpose. It will be sourced from MIDC which is available at site. 3. Land Land use Land is in MIDC area. It is under Industrial use. 4. Soil Disposal of waste on the land Total effluent generation will be m 3 /d; out of that 13 m 3 /d will be recycled for cooling tower and 4 m 3 /d will be recycled for gardening purpose. 5. Noise During Operation Acoustic enclosure will be provided. Sound from the machineries or from other operation shall be restricted within plant boundary 6. Ecology Release of pollutant in environment and loss of vegetation during construction 7. Socioeconomic Influx of people, settlement and existing resource utilization 8. Occupational Health and safety Exposure to the chemicals, Operation of machines, Fire hazardous No major vegetation clearance is required All required pollution control equipment will be provided to ensures the control of pollution Over all positive impact is envisaged CSR activities by proponent will be beneficial to local people All safety measures and safety equipment s will be placed. PPEs will be provided to workers and associated staff 4.6 Conclusion Major impacts envisaged from proposed project activity will be waste water disposal, solid waste disposal and air emissions. An effective mitigation measure, reduction at source will reduce level of significant impacts. All required control measures and required equipment shall be provided to mitigate the impacts. 133 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

152 CHAPTER V: Analysis of Alternatives It provides the information on various alternatives for the site and technology. The industry shall explore and adopt cleaner technologies and improve the management practices to reduce generation of pollutants. 5.1 Introduction It is the best practice that the EIA should consider project alternatives and their relative potential impact on the environment. Alternatives must, however, be both practical and reasonable, within the overall constraints of the proposed project development. A project of any nature consists of various activities, which involve men, money and material. These activities may consume natural resources and discharge wastes, which are likely to have serious consequence to the environment. Since the Project is proposed to be located in MIDC having all infra-structure, no other site was examined. 5.2 Site Alternatives The proposed project site is located in the MIDC area and the said area is having number of industrial estates, all basic infrastructure facilities like availability of water, electricity, fuel, transport, telecommunication systems etc. MIDC plans to further develop the infrastructure in the area. The Patalganga industrial area, adjacent to the Mohopada village, is one of the 13 chemical industrial areas developed by MIDC. Advantages of site selected are Required land is available and it is allotted by MIDC Intended use of land is for industrial use only Port availability and distance All relevant infrastructures and utilities will be provided by MIDC Site is well connected by road to Mumbai -Pune highway/expressway Raw material and products will be transported by road No homesteads are affected, hence no displacement Availability of raw material/fuel Proximity of raw material and cost-effective transportation logistics. Availability of water supply The availability of water from the source is adequate to meet the requirement. Source of water for project is from MIDC. Availability of infrastructural facility 134 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

153 Industrial infrastructural facilities such as roads, transport, security, water, power, administration etc. are available with existing MIDC. Community facilities such as quarters, medical services, education and training facility etc. are also available at site. Environmental features of site There are no biosphere, mangrove, national parks etc. or protected monuments, historical places within 5 km from the site. Karnala Bird sanctuary falls within 5 km radius i.e. around 2.3 km in West. Hence, proposed project will be apprised at EAC Ind-II, MoEFCC. Patalganga River is flowing at a distance of 1.1 km in West from the project site. Nearest village is Chavane Village at 0.45 km., nearest town Mohopada at 4.8 km, Panvel at 13 km. 5.3 Technology Alternatives The technology selection is done on the basis of following considerations Indigenous technology Least stress on resources Reduce, recycle and reuse of wastes Reduce the pollution from the industry No risk to human and property Technology selection has been done on the basis of efficient utilization of raw material, water, electricity, fuel, and considering the recycle and reuse of wastes generated from industry. The proposed project has been planned for the manufacturing of synthetic organic chemicals. Proponent has proposed, use of clean fuel Furnace Oil which emits lesser emissions as compared to conventional fuel like coal and also generates negligible quantity of ash as compared with coal. 5.4 Conclusion This chapter describes possibility for alternative of site location and technology. Proponent has considered efficient utilization of raw material, water, electricity, fuel, and considering the recycle and reuse of wastes generated from industry. Due care will be taken from the factory management to adopt newer technology which will help reduce consumption of the resources which ultimately reduce carbon foot print. 135 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

154 CHAPTER VI: Environment Monitoring Program This chapter contains technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures and the environmental management plan. It delivers environment monitoring program, its frequency, parameters and methodology for air, water, noise, and solid hazardous waste/ soil environment. It ensures the smooth execution of EMP and also monitors the changes in the ambient environmental quality due to the proposed project. It includes laboratory and other facilities monitoring facilities, environmental parameters to be monitored and data to be analysed and sampling location and schedule. It also includes budgetary provision and procurement schedule for the monitoring facilities. 6.1 Importance of Environment Monitoring Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project and to enable taking up suitable mitigation measures in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is an important parameter for control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. Usually, as in the case of the study, an Impact Assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. An environmental monitoring program is important as, It assists in detecting the impacts and control measures. It evaluates the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggests improvements in management plan, if required. The primary objectives for carrying out monitoring of different environmental parameters are - To comply with the statutory requirements of monitoring for compliance conditions of EC, Consent to Operate and provisions under Environment Protection Act. Assessment of the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during construction and operation phase of the proposed project. Monitoring and Tracking the effectiveness of Environment Management Plan and Implementation of mitigation measures planned. 136 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

155 Identification of any significant adverse transformation in environmental conditions to plan additional mitigation measures; if required. 6.2 Objective of Monitoring Plan The basic objective of implementing a monitoring plan on a regular basis is as follows: To verify the result of the impact assessment study with respect to new developments To study the parameters which have been identified as critical Status of pollution load within the project site and its vicinity Generation of data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution To check or assess the efficiency of controlling measures. 6.3 Environment Aspects to be monitored Proposed project shall monitor the following environmental aspects to ensure effectiveness of EMP and mitigate any impact envisaged during the commissioning and operation phase Ambient Air and Stack Monitoring Ambient air quality will be monitored at three locations and pollutants monitored will be Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (PM 10, 2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), CO and HC Monthly monitoring of stack will be carried out for the parameters such as PM, SO 2 and NOx to assess the performance of pollution control facilities installed for the unit Water and Waste Water Quality Surface and ground water samples towards downstream of project will be collected and analysed periodically. Inlet and Out let characteristics of ETP The characteristics of cooling water, process, and steam condensate wastewater will be analysed periodically. Environment Statement Reports will be filed as per the schedule prescribed by Pollution Control Board Analysis of water, wastewater will be in laboratories approved by Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) or National Accreditation Board of Laboratory (NABL) will be hired Solid and Solid/Hazardous Waste One surface soil sample from proposed ETP and project site will be taken and analysed as per the standard method. 137 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

156 Solid hazardous waste will be disposed of regularly as per EMP Noise Monitoring Five noise monitoring location will be selected considering noise generation area. Personal protective equipment like ear plugs/ear muffs will be provided to employees working near such noisy area. The noise attenuation measures will be taken at the design stage. 6.4 Environment Monitoring Plan Environmental parameters to be monitored and its frequency after commissioning of proposed project is mentioned in Table 6.1 and Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage The proposed activity envisages setting up of production structure, machineries, admin office, establishment of storage facilities etc. The construction activities are expected to one year from zero date. The generic environmental measures that to be undertaken during project construction stage are given in Table 6.1 Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring during Project Construction Stage Sr. No. Potential Impact Action to be Followed 1. Air All equipment s to be operated within specified design Parameters. Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible Maintenance of DG set emissions to meet stipulated standards Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed unit to be monitored. 2. Noise List of all noise generating machinery onsite along with age to be prepared. Equipment to be maintained in good working order. Night working is to be minimized. Parameters for Monitoring Random checks of equipment s logs/manuals Vehicle logs Gaseous emissions (SO 2, CO, NO X) The ambient air quality will conform to the standards for PM 10, PM 2.5, SO 2, NO X Equipment logs, noise reading Working records hour Frequency of Monitoring Weekly Weekly during site clearance and construction activities Monthly emission monitoring As per CPCB/SPCB requirement or on monthly basis whichever is earlier Weekly during construction activities Daily records 138 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

157 3. Wastewater Discharge Generation of vehicular noise Noise to be monitored in ambient air within the plant premises. No untreated discharge to be made to surface water, ground water or soil. 4. Soil Erosion Protect top soil stockpile where possible at edge of site. 5. Drainage and Management 6. Waste Management Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively The design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same. Implement waste management plan that identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities and which identifies the procedure for collection, handling and disposal of each waste arising. 7. Non-routine Plan to be drawn up, events and considering likely accidental emergencies and steps releases required to prevent/limit consequences 8. Health Employees and migrant labour health check-up 9. Environmental Management Cell/Unit 10. Loss of flora and fauna The Environmental Management Cell/Unit is to ensure implementation and monitoring of environmental safeguards Re-vegetation as per Forest guidelines Maintenance of record of vehicles Spot noise recording No discharge hoses shall be in vicinity of watercourse Effective cover in place Visual inspection of drainage and record thereof Comprehensive Waste Management plan should be in place and available for inspection onsite. Compliance with MSW Rules,1998 and Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling Rule)2003 Mock drills and records of the same All relevant parameters including HIV Responsibilities and roles will be decided before the commencement of work. Daily records As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement or on monthly basis whichever is earlier Monthly during construction activities. Period during construction activities Weekly during construction activities Fortnightly check during construction activities Monthly during construction activities Six monthly check ups During construction phase No. of plants, species During site clearance Phase. 139 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

158 6.4.2 Monitoring during Project Operation Phase The hazardous waste generation from proposed unit will be ETP sludge and ETP silt discarded bags, process sludge/residues/filtrates. Regular monitoring of wastes generated shall be done. The following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below, Source emissions and ambient air quality; Groundwater quality; Water and wastewater quality (water quality, effluent quality etc.); Solid and hazardous waste characterization (oily wastes ETP sludge, used and waste oil); Soil quality; Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures and ambient noise levels) Ecological preservation and afforestation. The following routine monitoring program as detailed in Table 6.2 shall be implemented at site. Besides to this monitoring, the compliances to all environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from SPCB/MoEFCC shall be monitored and reported periodically. Table 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Schedule during Operation Phase Sr. Particulate Parameters Number of location Frequency No. 1. Ambient air PM 10, PM 2.5, SO 2, NOx, CO, Ambient air quality at Monthly quality and HC minimum 3 locations. 1 location within the plant premises, 1 location in upwind, 1 location in downwind direction and 1 location in cross wind direction. 2. Stack gas PM, SO 2 and NOx Number of stacks Monthly 3. Work place PM 2.5, SO 2, NOx, CO Process emission in workplace area/plants (for each area/plant minimum 2 locations and 1 location outside plant area near vent) 4. Waste water ph, EC, SS, TDS, O & G, Ammonical Nitrogen, COD, BOD, Chloride, Sulphides etc. Wastewater from all sources. Inlet and outlet of ETP Monthly Monthly 140 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

159 5. Surface water and ground water ph, Salinity, Conductivity, TDS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, Phosphate, Nitrates, Sulphates, Chlorides, Total Coliforms (TC) and E.Coli 6. Solid waste ETP sludge, process sludge 7. Noise Equivalent noise level - db (A) at min. Noise Levels measurement at high noise generating places as well as sensitive receptors in the vicinity 8. Green belt Number of plantation (units), number of survived plants/ trees, number of poor plant/ trees. 9. Soil Texture, ph, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, alkali metals, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), permeability, porosity. 10. Occupational health 11. Drainage and effluent Management Health and fitness checkup of employees getting exposed to various hazards and all other staff Design to incorporate Existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same. 3-5 location Ground as well as Surface water Process dust generated sludge. 5 location At all source and outside the Plant area. In and around the plant site 2-3 near Solid/ hazardous waste storage. At least five locations from Greenbelt and area where manure of biological waste is applied. All worker Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively. Half yearly Monthly Monthly Monthly Quarterly Yearly/ twice a year Periodic during operation phase 12. Emergency preparedness, such as fire fighting Mock drill records, on site emergency plan, evacuation plan Fire protection and safety measures to take care of fire and explosion hazards, to be assessed and steps taken for their prevention. Monthly during operation phase 141 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

160 6.4.3 Monitoring Methodologies Environmental samples will be collected as per the guidelines provided by MoEFCC/ CPCB. The method followed for monitoring will be recommended/ standard method approved/ recommended by MoEFCC/ CPCB. Detail of the same is mentioned in Table 6.3. Table 6.3: Methodology of environmental monitoring Sr. No Description Sampling/ Preservation Method Analysis 1. Ambient air monitoring 2. Stack gas monitoring 3. Water and waste water Samplers (Designed as per USEPA) to collect PM 2.5, PM 10 and the gaseous samples Samplers (Designed as per USEPA) to collect particulate matter and the gaseous samples Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater published by APHA 21 st edition, Noise monitoring Instrument : Sound level meter - Any standard methods such as IS 5182, CPCB guideline etc. - Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater published by APHA 21 st edition, Soil monitoring Collected as per soil analysis reference book, M. I. Jackson and soil analysis reference book by C.A. Black 6.5 Reporting and documentation Analysis reference book, M. I. Jackson and soil analysis reference book by C.A. Black All the necessary reports and documents will be prepared to comply with statutory rules and regulations. The records of the monitoring program along with the results of all the parameters being monitored will be maintained on regular basis. The environmental monitoring activities will be recorded and the following documents are proposed to be maintained, 1. Log sheets of operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities/ equipment such as ETP/slope fired boiler operation and test results of inlet and outlet. 2. Instruction manuals for operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities/ equipment like ETP as well as for manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous parameter discharged from the project. 3. Statutory records as per the environment related legislation. 4. Monthly and annual progress report. 5. Bi-annual compliance statement for Regional Office, MoEFCC. 6. Annual environmental audit statements and compliance to NOC/ Consent conditions to State Pollution Control Board/ Regional Office, MoEFCC. 142 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

161 6.6 Formulation of Environment Management Cell (EMC) The Environmental Management Cell shall be responsible for the environmental management, monitoring and implementation activities of the proposed unit. EMC will carry out various activity of environment under the supervision of the Head of the plant. EMC cell shall be responsible for, Monitoring of efficiency of pollution control equipment s Preparation of maintenance schedule of pollution control equipment and treatment plants and see that it is followed strictly. Monitoring activities within core and buffer zone of proposed project as per monitoring schedule. Inspection and regular cleaning of setting tanks, drainage system etc. Greenbelt development and maintenance Water and energy conservation measures Good housekeeping Structure of EMC is mentioned in Figure 6.1 below 6.7 Budgetary Provision for Environment Management The costs involved in environmental monitoring and management to mitigate the adverse effects will be put on account for the proposed project. The approximate capital cost for the EMP will be 143 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

162 Rs. 143 Lakhs whereas the recurring cost will be Rs. 22 Lakh per Year. Bifurcation of the EMP cost is given in Table 6.4. Table 6.4: Implementation Plan to Mitigate Environmental Impact Sr. No. Particulars Amount (Lakhs) One time installation cost (Capital cost) 1. Air pollution control system (Process absorber, caustic scrubber etc) Green Belt Development Water Pollution Control System ETP/STP Rainwater Harvesting Solid waste Management 5 6. Occupational Health and Safety 3 Total 143 Recurring Cost 1. Air pollution control system (Process absorber, caustic scrubber etc) 3 2. Green Belt Development 5 3. Environment Monitoring and Management 3 4. Water Pollution Control System ETP/STP 2 5. Rainwater Harvesting 3 6. Solid waste Management 3 7. Occupational Health and Safety 3 Total Conclusion Considering environmental emissions from the project monitoring program, its frequency, parameters, and methodology for air, water, noise, and solid hazardous waste/ soil environment has been given. Monthly monitoring of Air (stack and workplace), Water, Soil, Solid waste and Noise shall be done. Periodic monitoring shall be for drainage system, Occupation health, and safety of the worker, emergency preparedness, such as firefighting. Budgetary provision for Environmental Monitoring and occupation health is also given i.e. 2 and 1 lakhs per year respectively. Moreover, information of reporting system of environmental parameters and responsibility of environmental monitoring program has been described. 144 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

163 CHAPTER VII: Additional Studies Chapter describes additional studies like review of social impact and public consultation were undertaken. Moreover it deals with the study of hazard identification and risk assessment. It also covers the requirement for onsite and offsite disaster (natural and manmade) preparedness plan including emergency management plan including. 7.1 Public Consultation The said project is being located in Notified Industrial Estate (MIDC) area but will be considered as category A project due to its proximity to Karnala Bird Sanctuary which is an Eco-Sensitive Area. The public hearing (consultation) for this project is exempted as per the OM No. J /36/2014-IA-I dated 10 th December, 2014 by MoEFCC. 7.2 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan (R and R Plan) The intended use of land is for industrial activity and the land has been already allotted by MIDC. So there is no issue related to displacement of people. 7.3 Risk Assessment and HAZOP Study This QRA report is prepared for the above mentioned proposal towards compliance to TOR conditions and forms a part of the EIA report required for obtaining Environmental Clearance. Risk assessment Methodology used is as per the Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Synthetic Organic Chemicals, prepared for the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India (MOEFCC 2010). Please refer off-site & On-site disaster management plan attached as Annexure III and Annexure IV. Identification of hazards materials handled and processes was examined. MSDS of the substances taken for study. Applicability of Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, formed under Environment protection Act 1986, these were amended in 1994and checked for inventory. The inventory of does not exceed the criteria of threshold quantity as per schedule 2 parts I and Part II of these rules hence the site is not classified as MAH (Major accident hazard installation. Relative ranking by DOW Fire, Explosion and Toxicity index, and MOND Index assessment carried out for the storage installations analysis are applied for storage of flammable substances area, decompositions products, and reactivity and compatibility hazards are assessed. HAZOP study carried out considering storages, major unit processes, and ETP as separate node. The methodology used is as per Hazard Identification and Hazard Analysis Techniques of Hazard 145 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

164 Identification and Risk Analysis Code of Practice IS 15656: As an outcome of this identification of hazards exercise worst possible events are listed and used for selection of events for carrying out consequence analysis Scope of Work The scope of the report covers the proposed site activities of manufacturing. The battery limits of this study are restricted to the installations indicated over the proposed site plan (18 51'17.40"N Latitude and 73 09'45.40"E Longitude, elevation 25 meter above MSL.)Plot area sq. m.; presently it is an open land with no construction Methodology The major steps in risk assessment are as outlined below; Hazard Identification Failure Frequency Analysis Consequence Analysis Impact Assessment Protective System and Hazard Analysis Risk Mitigation Measures DMP Site Activity The list of products, details of hazardous waste and inventory has been shown in Table 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 respectively. Table 7.1: List of Products for Environmental Clearance Sr. No. Name of Products Capacity (MTA) 1. Formaldehyde (37% to 55% concentration) and 36,000 2A. Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) 31,304 Liquid resin And/or 2B. Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) 15,652 Powder resin 3A. Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Liquid Resin) And/or 86,747 3B. Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) (Powder Resin) 43,374 TOTAL 213, MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

165 Sr. No. Table 7.2: Details of Hazardous Waste Type of Waste Source Estimated Quantity/ Month Method of Disposal 1. Sludge and Silt ETP/STP 50 MT Collection, Storage, Transportation at TMWM 2. Discarded Bags Raw Material Storage and Handling 2,60,000 nos. Stored in a store and then sold off as scrap 3. Spent/ Used Oil Plant and Machineries 30 L Collection, Storage and used for lubrication within the premises OR sell to registered reprocessors Wastes/ Residues 0.2 MT Sold off as scrap containing Oil 4. Spent Resin DM Plant 3 KL Sold as scrap 5. Old Catalyst 50 kg Regeneration Identification of Hazards Hazardous Chemicals MSDS for all the materials are studied. Compilation of the important safety properties is available in HAZOP Study report. (In absence of relevant safety data the materials are considered and need to be handled as if hazardous material). Table 7.3: Flammability Hazard Material Sr. No. Name CAS No. LEL UEL Flash Point Boiling Point NFPA Hazard Index % % oc oc N flammability 1 Methanol HSD > Furnace Oil HC Mixture > Formic Acid Phenol Nitric Acid Sulfuric Acid NFPA Rating - Flammability 0 Materials which will not burn. 1 Slightly combustible. Materials that require considerable preheating before ignition can occur. This rating includes most ordinary combustible materials. 2 Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F and solids that readily give off flammable vapors. 147 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

166 3 Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of selfcontained oxygen (i.e. organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air. 4 Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air. Sr. No. Table 7.4: Toxicity Hazard Name CAS No. NFPA Hazard Index Oral LD 50 Dermal LD 50 Inhalation LC 50 N h Health mg/kg mg/kg mg/m 3 1 Formaldehyde µg/kg 37% 2 Formic Acid Nitric Acid Phenol Sulfuric Acid Caustic Soda HSD Furnace Oil HC Mixture 1 >500 9 Methanol g/kg ppm 10 Urea NFPA Rating - Health 0 No chemical is without some degree of toxicity. 1 Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care 2 Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given. 3 Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens or teratogens. 4 Highly toxic material. Very limited exposure could cause death or major injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect human carcinogens, mutagens or teratogens. Table 7.5: Reactivity Hazard Sr. No. Name CAS No. NFPA Hazard Index Material Factor N f Flammability N r - Reactivity MF 148 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

167 1 Phenol, Molten Sodium Hydroxide Sulfuric Acid Methanol Formaldehyde, Solution 6 Formic Acid Urea NFPA Rating - Reactivity 0 Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water. 1 Materials which are normally stable, but which can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures, or which may react with water with some release of energy, but not violently. 2 Materials which in themselves are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change, but do not detonate. It includes materials which may react violently with water or which may form potentially explosive mixtures with water. 3 Materials which in themselves are capable of detonation but which require a strong initiating source, or which must be heated first. This rating includes materials which are shock sensitive at elevated temperatures, and which react explosively with water without requiring heat. 4 Materials which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. Includes materials which are shock sensitive at normal temperatures and pressures. Table 7.6: Applicability of MSIHC Rules 1989 Sr. No. Group Material Max. Storage Capacity Threshold Qty. MT* 1 Group 2: Toxic Formaldehyde Conc. Nil 5 Chemicals >90% 2 Group 5(3): Very Highly Flammable Liquids Methanol 90 KL Group 5(6): Furnace Oil Flammable Liquids *Criteria used: The Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, Inventory analysis revels that the inventory of hazardous chemicals of any of the groups does not exceeds the threshold quantity specified in "The MSIHC Rules, The site is not Major Accident Hazards (MAH) Installation Relative Ranking Dow F and E Index Identification of hazardous units and segments of plants and storage units based on relative ranking technique, such as Fire and Explosion Index. F and EI, is a method universally adopted 149 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

168 for classifying/ categorizing/ indexing of chemicals based on their reactivity and instability. The more widely used hazard index is the F and EI developed by DOW Chemical Company. Sr. No. Storage Installation DOW FandE Index Table 7.7: DOW F and E Index The degree of hazard Radius of Exposure M Damage Factor Area of Exposure M 2 Toxicity Index Toxicity Category 1 Methanol 37 Light I 2 Phenol 29 Light II 3 Formaldehyde 23.5 Light II 3A Formaldehyde 23 Light II 3B Formaldehyde 22 Light II 3C Formaldehyde 21 Light II 4 Furnace Oil 19.6 Light DOW F and E Index assessment Methanol storage installation is having highest radius of exposure of 9.5 m with damage factor DOW Toxicity hazard index assessment Phenol storage installation is 8.9 and Category II. Sr. No Mond Index The MOND Index is a rapid hazard assessment method for use on chemical plant or in plant design. The use of this technique puts the hazard of a plant on a numerical scale, where the comparative pictures of all subdivisions of the plant form emerge. The assessment is carried out as per MOND INDEX Manual Material Equivalent DOW Index Table 7.8: Mond Index Fire Index Internal Explosion Index Aerial Explosion Index Overall Hazard Rating 1 Methanol 176 Low Moderate Low High Group I 2 Phenol 81 Light Moderate Light Moderate 3 Formaldehyde 37% 59 Light Moderate Light Moderate 4 Furnace Oil 61 Light Moderate Light Moderate As per MOND Index assessment for the Methanol storage installation is having the highest "High Group I" as overall hazard rating. The assessment depends heavily upon the maintenance of the hardware and of the management procedures; neglect of either will lead to loss of protection and the rating will rise. 150 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

169 7.3.7 Compatibility/ Reactivity Hazard Table 7.9 : Compatibility/ Reactivity Hazard Chart Chemicals With Mixing Formaldehyde Solution Formic Acid Methanol Phenol, Molten Sodium Hydroxide Solution Sulfuric Acid Urea 1 Formaldehyde Solution 2 Formic Acid N 3 Methanol C C 4 Phenol, Molten N Y Y 5 Sodium N N N N Hydroxide Solution 6 Sulfuric Acid N N N N N 7 Urea C Y Y Y N C CHART LEGEND Y Compatible - No hazardous reactivity issues expected N Incompatible - Hazardous reactivity issues expected C Caution - May be hazardous under certain conditions SR Self-reactive - Potentially self-reactive e.g. polymerizable (Incompatibility implies as the equimolar mixing of two materials under ambient temperature and pressures that will produce heat (10Kcal per mole), gases, or other real and immediate hazards) Risk Mitigation Separate the bulk storage of chemicals considering the compatibility and reactivity hazards. Smoke Detector at Ware House Transformation Products Hazards due to gases released decomposition, transformation during fire condition. 151 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

170 7.3.8 Transformation Hazards Table 7.10: Transformation, if any which could occur Sr. No. Name Decomposition Products in Case of Fire 1 Caustic Soda Sodium oxide. Decomposition by reaction with certain metals releases flammable and explosive hydrogen gas. 2 Formaldehyde May form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde when heated to decomposition. 3 Formic Acid Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may form when heated to decomposition. Dehydrated by sulfuric acid to produce carbon monoxide. 4 Methanol May form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde when heated to decomposition. Source: MSDS Table 7.11: Transformation/ Decomposition/ Combustion Product Sr. Name CAS No. NFPA Hazard Index No. Health Flammability Reactivity 1 Hydrogen Gas Carbon dioxide Carbon Monoxide Sulfuric Acid Formaldehyde Sr. No. Name Waste Recycling Incineration VOC and biotreatment issues Table 7.12 : Solvent Hazards Environment Impact fate and effect on the environment Health Acute and Chronic effect on human health and exposure potential Flammability and Explosion Storage and Handling Reactivity Stability Factors affecting the stability of the solvent Life cycle Score Environmental Impact to produce the solvent 1 Methanol Scale 1 to Preliminary Hazard Analysis Preliminary hazard analysis considers stages of the proposal such as pre construction phase, Operation phase and Post operation/de-commissioning /demolition phase. Following aspects are considered during the study. Natural calamities Physical hazards 152 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

171 Biohazards Electrical hazard Hazardous substances and wastes Mechanical hazards Frequent causes of accidents during construction Activity Ergonomics and psychosocial hazard General Hazards HAZOP Study Identification of hazards by HAZOP study is carried out under batch wise mode for five Nodes the thrust area being the environmental issues in the proposed activities. The methodology used as per Hazard Identification and Hazard Analysis Techniques of Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis Code Of Practice IS 15656: Hazard are identified and risk evaluated for each identified hazard on the scale 1 to 25 using the hazard rating matrix given in Table No Nodes: Identification of hazards by HAZOP Study under following nodes: Table 7.13: Nodes of HAZOP Study Node 1 Tank Farm Node 2 Oxidation Node 3 Condensation Node 4 Effluent treatment Plant Node 5 All other Unit Processes and Operations Modes Continuous mode Batch-wise Mode Identified Hazards Top ten identified hazards/ events/ accident scenarios having risk rating (evaluating the ideated hazardous event on severity and Probability of the event on the scale 1 to 5 resulting in risk rating on the scale 1 to 25 during HAZOP Study) in 16 to 25 ranges are as follows: 153 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

172 Table 7.14: Identified Hazards Sr. No. Hazard Severity Probability Risk Level 1 Release of Methanol followed by pool fire Uncontrolled reaction exothermic in processes leading to pressurization/ explosion. 3 Toxicity hazard during handling of Phenol Reactivity and compatibility hazards depending upon the compounds involved at tank farm, in drain system or ETP. 5 Hazardous Solid waste storage and transport like empty containers containing residual material. 6 Health hazard due to fugitive emissions at work place. 7 Spill of formaldehyde solution Toxic gas release at vent Dust explosion in powder handling operations. 10 Natural calamities HAZOP Study Highlights Accidental spill of methanol from Methanol road tanker at weighing bridge followed by fire /explosion affecting the only one access gate to the site. Reactor vent gas pipeline leak releasing flammable gases (formaldehyde) followed by fire /explosion. Formaldehyde contains 3 to 12 % Methanol, accidental spill at storage tank resulting pool fire. Accidental spill of formaldehyde from 50 m3 tanks and vapours meeting ignition source from boiler room located too close to storage tanks. Compatibility /reactivity hazard in case accidental mix up of phenol and formaldehyde at tank farm in drain system. Organic contaminated water generated during Firefighting operations, water sprinkler system, and floor washings during spill control likely to enter storm drain. Flammable and Toxic gas release at scrubber vent. Fire / explosion at reactor in case of uncontrolled operations. Health hazard due to formaldehyde vapours emissions (TWA 0.75 ppm) from receiver, tanks vents to work place. Detailed HAZOP Study and Risk Assessment Report has been attached as Annexure VI. 154 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

173 Consequence Analysis Introduction The accident scenarios as identified during HAZOP study are divided in two categories considering the consequence seriousness and occurrence frequency. Maximum Credible Loss Scenario (MCLS) Worst Possible Scenario Maximum Credible Loss Scenario (MCLS) Maximum Credible Loss Scenario (MCLS) is one of the methodologies evolved to access the events in realistic and practical way. An MCLS can be described as the worst credible accident or as an accident with a maximum damage distance, which is still believed to be probable. The analysis, however, does not include a quantification of the probability of occurrence of an accident. The MCLS aims at identifying undesirable and hazardous events causing the Maximum damage to human beings environment around the industry under the consideration. Leak from hose/ piping failure are quite probable events. Such accidental release is considered as MCLS Worst Possible Scenario Worst Case Scenario/ MCA (Maximum Credible Accident) Accident Scenario accidental release of Methanol followed by fire/explosion is considered as Worst Case Scenario/ MCA (Maximum Credible Accident) Results Sr. No. Accident Scenario Table 7.15: Down Wind Affect Distance Downwind Affect Distance (m) Toxic Vapor Cloud Flammable Vapor Cloud (LEL) ERPG-3 ERPG-2 ERPG-1 IDLH 60% 10% 1 Methanol < Formaldehyde >10 km Furnace Oil NA NA NA <10 <10 < MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

174 Sr. No. Accident Scenario Table 7.16: Down Wind Affect Distance Downwind Affect Distance (m) Blast Over Pressure (psi) Thermal Radiation (KW/m 2 ) Methanol NA NA NA <10 <10 <10 2 Formaldehyde NA Furnace Oil NA NA NA Note 1: The potential consequences from the hazardous scenarios identified are determined and the impact zones modelled using ALOHA and PHAST software tools. The primary consequence types are pressure wave, thermal radiations and toxic gas release. The stable atmospheric stability conditions, ambient temperature of 30 o C, wind speed was 1.5 m/s. and humidity (50%) used for Consequence Analysis. Note 2: Apart from the maximum credible releases, the conservative approach appears in adoption of atmospheric conditions, used in the dispersion calculation. In general, the assumptions/ conditions will result in the largest damage distances. Hence, it must be remembered that this analysis will be pessimistic and conservative in approach and is only a planning tool. Its use should not be extended without understanding its limitations. Note 3: DISCLAIMER: Information contained in this report is believed to be reliable but no representation; guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer to ensure that the information contained in the report is relevant to the product manufactured/handled or sold by him as the case may be. We make no warranties expressed or implied in respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose Failure Frequency Analysis Event Tree Event trees begin with an initiating event and work toward a final result. This approach is inductive. The method provides information on how a failure can occur and the probability of occurrence. Frequency of the incident is estimated by Event Tree. 156 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

175 Initiating event frequency/yr range (all causes included) is to Typical frequency values assigned to initiating events (Ref. Table 11.3: Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications; Dainel A. Crowl/ Joseph L - 2nd Edition.) 157 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

176 Table 7.17: Event Failure Frequency Sr. No. Event Event Frequency/Yr 1 Methanol spill followed by pool fire 1.0 x Formaldehyde release from evaporating pool followed by dispersion down wind 9.2 x 10-4 The estimate depends heavily upon the maintenance of the hardware and of the management procedures; neglect of either will lead to loss of protection and the rating will rise Impact Assessment Toxicity Impact ALOHA modelling of the vulnerable zones is superimposed on satellite site maps called MARPLOT for formaldehyde release from evaporating pool is as follows. 158 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

177 IMPACT Formaldehyde release event, ERPG 3 concentration prevails up to 163 m down wind and immediate evacuation of the area is required. It is reasonable to assume that well trained employees within the vulnerable zone are likely to move out of this zone in less than 10 minutes hence avoiding fatality. Depending the prevailing atmospheric conditions at the time of the event the impact will undergo change. The event if not controlled immediately have potential of serious off site consequences affecting surrounding population. 159 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

178 Health Effects of Formaldehyde Exposure Table 7.18: Effects of Formaldehyde in humans after short-term exposure Concentration Range or Average (mg/m 3 ) Time range or average Health effects in general population 0.03 Repeated Exposure Odour detection threshold (10 th percentile) a 0.18 Repeated Exposure Odour detection threshold (50 th percentile) a 0.6 Repeated Exposure Odour detection threshold (90 th percentile) a Single and Repeated Exposure Throat and nose irritation threshold Single and Repeated Exposure Eye irritation threshold hours Decreased nasal mucus flow minutes on 2 successive days with 10 minutes of moderate exercise on second day Post-exposure (up to 24 hours) headache b Biting sensation in eyes and nose 3.7 Single and Repeated Exposure Decreased pulmonary function only at heavy exercise minutes Tolerable for 30 minutes with lachrymation b Strong lachrymation, lasting for 1 hour b Pulmonary oedema, pneumonia, danger to life b Death a Frequency of effect in population b Time range or average unspecified Sources: World Health Organisation (1); International Agency for Research on Cancer (2); WHO Regional office for Europe (3) ALOHA modelling of the vulnerable zones is superimposed on satellite site maps called MARPLOT for Methanol release is as follows 160 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

179 IMPACT Methanol release ERPG 3 concentration prevails up to 17 m down wind and immediate evacuation of the area is required. It is reasonable to assume that well trained employees within the vulnerable zone are likely to move out of this zone in less than 10 minutes hence avoiding fatality. Depending the prevailing atmospheric conditions at the time of the event the impact will undergo change Thermal Radiation Impact Thermal radiations likely to impact direct the personnel in vulnerable zone with burn injuries and even fatality as given in Table no and Table Table 7.19: Fatal Thermal Radiation Exposure Levels Radiation Level Seconds Exposure for (%) Fatality Levels KW/m 2 1% 50% 99% MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

180 Table 7.20: Effects of Thermal Radiation on Unprotected Skin Radiation Level Duration Period Seconds Before KW/m 2 Pain is felt Blistering starts Below 2.5 Prolonged exposure can be tolerated IMPACT Thermal radiations of 10 KW/m 2 are likely within < 10 m radius zone, which is mainly tank farm. It is reasonable to assume that well trained employees within the vulnerable zone are likely to move out of this zone within 90 seconds hence avoiding fatality. Continued exposure to heat flux of 4.0 KW/m2 level of heat flux or greater is considered sufficient to cause injury. Hence, injury risk is likely up to 10 m around the pool fire. It may be noted that thermal effect of a pool fire is usually limited to a distance of 2 to 3 times the pool diameter. Acetic Anhydride pool fire impact at Assembly point will not be significant Over Pressure Impact Flammable vapours cloud in flammable range finding source of ignition resulting into vapour cloud explosion is considered as worst case scenario and following table indicates the over pressure impact. Table 7.21: Effect of Blast Pressure Wave Over Pressure (bar) Effects 0.01 Shattering of glass windows. Failure of panels Shattering of asbestos siding. 0.1 Collapse of steel framing panels. 0.3 Shearing of brick walls (8-12 inches). Any of the events studied Explosion is not likely as flammable cloud is not formed. 162 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

181 Risk Estimation Individual Risk Individual risk is defined by AIChE/ CCPS as risk to a person in the vicinity of a hazard. This includes the nature of the injury to the individual, the likelihood of the injury occurring and the time period over which the injury might occur. It is estimated that at assembly point existing. Individual Risk (IR) = (1/N) I i x f i Where, N Number of persons i incident identification number I Impact of incident f i frequency of the incident Average individual risk (exposed hours/worked hours) individual risk of fatality near tank farm is estimated as A broadly acceptable level of individual risk as per the ALARP (As low as reasonably practicable) concept of HSE, UK 10-6/year. Table 7.22: Individual Fatality Criteria Individual Fatality Individual Fatality Criteria (IR) 1 x 10-4 per year This contour remains on-site. 1 x 10-5 per year This contour extends into industrial developments only. 1 x 10-6 per year This contour extends into commercial and industrial developments only. 163 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

182 Probability equation for Formaldehyde P = ln (C 2 t) Where, C is concentration in ppm and t is time in minutes. Table 7.23: Individual Risk Results Contour Individual Fatality (IR) Downwind Affect Remarks No. Distance (m) x 10-4 per year 42 This contour remains within the site x 10-5 per year 86 This contour remains within the site x 10-6 per year 103 This contour remains within the site Societal Risk Societal risk is a measure of risk to a group of people. It is most often expressed in terms of the frequency distribution of the multiple casualty events (F-N curve). In the present case any fatality unlikely for the population in surroundings the site and there is no situation point above the criterion line in F-N curve indicating insignificant societal risk. 164 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

183 Societal risk criteria are generally presented as curves on F N plots. Mathematically, the equation for an F N criterion curve may be presented as; [Ball 19981]. F = k x N- a Where, F - Cumulative frequency of N or more fatalities. N - Number of fatalities. a - Aversion factor (often between 1 and 2). k - Constant. When the F N curve slope is equal to -1, the risk criterion is termed risk neutral. A risk criterion for which the curve slopes is more negative than -1 is said to be more risk averse. An anchor point along the curve (e.g. N=10 fatalities, F=10-3/year) and a slope (e.g. -1) is usually enough information to plot a risk criterion F N curve. if any portion of the calculated F N curve exceeds the criterion line, the societal risk is said to exceed that risk criterion. In the present case any fatality unlikely for the industrial trained population in surroundings the site and there is no situation point above the criterion line in F-N curve indicating insignificant societal risk. The population within the specified radius of vulnerable zone is mainly industrial. 165 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

184 The site surroundings population data analysed. The effects of the proposed site activity are well contained within the notified industrial area and indicate insignificant societal risk. The figure illustrates that the QRA results lies well below the UK societal risk criteria line. The risk posed by the proposed site activities with implementation of risk mitigation measures are at reasonably acceptable level however it should be noted it depends heavily upon the maintenance of the hardware and of the management procedures; neglect of either will lead to loss of protection and the rating will rise to the higher level. 7.4 Risk Mitigation Measures To address the residual risk issues risk mitigation measures are suggested which includes preventive as well as protective measures to achieve reasonable acceptable risk level On-Site Disaster Management Plan 1. Fire hydrant system, Avoid firefighting water runoff entering storm drain. 2. Dyke for accidental spill containment for above ground storage tanks. 3. Store chemicals considering the compatibility and reactivity hazards. 4. A practical working document DMP for site as per the format specified under "The the MSIHC Rules, 1989" is prepared. Detailed On-Site Disaster Management plan has been attached as Annexure III. 166 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

185 7.4.2 Off-Site Disaster Management Plan Dove tailing information for offsite disaster control plan such as Factory fact sheet, enclosed as Annexure IV General Disaster Management Plan 1. Transport of hazardous chemicals Spark arrestor at exhaust of vehicles, Display of class labels. Specified predetermined routes, valid registration to carry the said goods, PUC and driver Training, TREM card, PPE, First aid box, tool box, MSDS, antidotes. 2. Toxic materials handling Use of closed feed system, Equipment venting through scrubber system, Leak detection and Alarm, Monitoring of air born concentration of chemicals in work place and Periodic medical 167 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

186 surveillance of the employees. Safety shower and Eye wash fountain. SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) and PPE. 3. Flammable materials handling NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking. Leak detection and Alarm, Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges to dangerous level consider earthing and bonding of equipment; Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection. Portable fire extinguishers, SCBA and PPE. 4. Reactivity and compatibility hazards Separate the bulk storage of chemicals considering the compatibility and reactivity hazards. Maintain MSDS of transformation products, Smoke detector at warehouses. Segregate drain to avoid uncontrolled mix up in drain network system. Segregate the laboratory chemicals while storage on storage racks considering functional groups compatibility and reactivity hazards. 5. Spill Containment Dyke for above ground storage tanks. Pipe work designed for high standard, Decontamination procedures. 6. DMP resources - Rescue kit, Emergency power DG set, Search and rescue Kit, Safety Signage and Symbols, and wind direction sock. Safety Training to employees, Medical oxygen, antidotes, first aid room, ambulance /emergency vehicle, first aid Trained staff. 7. Lightening arrestor 8. Splash guards over flange joints in pressurized transfer lines. 9. PPE: safety shoes, goggles, helmet, apron, protective dress, SCBA sets. 10. Work permits, Structural Audit, Stability checks, Mock Drill, Fire Drill, Preventive maintenance and regular inspection system, CCTV security system. 168 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

187 CHAPTER VIII: Project Benefits Project benefits focuses on those points which are beneficial to the surrounding area or community in terms of infrastructural development, social development, boosting employment and other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed activities. 8.1 Proponent approach towards the Project SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. has proposed to establish a new Synthetic Organic Chemical manufacturing facility at Additional Patalganga MIDC, Tal. Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra. The proposed products have wide applications in different types of industries. They are usages for direct applications and also as raw materials. Looking to the increasing need of the proposed products in domestic and national market and International and we have large number of customers we have planned to manufacture these chemicals. Considering the increase in demand for these raw materials in domestic as well as international market, SMT Organic Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. has proposed to establish this unit which will produce Formaldehyde, PF Resins, MF Resins and UF Resins. Construction/remodeling activity, vehicle and furniture production, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) account for most world consumption of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde resins are used predominantly in the wood products industry as adhesives whereas the proposed products like Resins (Melamine Formaldehyde, Urea Formaldehyde and Phenol Formaldehyde) mainly used to produce Electrical Insulation Board and H.P. Decorative Laminated Sheets. These Sheets have good market demand to develop home and office furniture. Also, the textile industries use these formaldehyde based resins as finishers to make fabrics crease resistant. Formaldehyde-based materials are very important and essential to manufacture of automobiles, and they are also used to make components for the transmission, electrical system, engine block, door panels, axles and brake shoes. In India to meet the current and future market demand, the project proponent intends to start a new unit. 8.2 Project Benefits Improvements in the physical infrastructure The industry is established in the rural region of the state. The establishment of industry will provide direct and indirect employment to more than 50 local rural persons in construction phase and around 20 local persons in operation phase. Major part of these labors will be mainly from 169 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

188 local villagers who are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area. It helps to sustain the development of this area including further development of physical infrastructural facilities. The following physical infrastructure facilities will improve due to proposed project. Road transport facilities The road connectivity will get improved due to the industry. This improved physical infrastructure will be an added facility to the community for surface transport. Water supply Efforts will be more focused on recycling of wastewater after adequate treatment. Thus water extraction for process will be minimized Employment Potential Project will definitely open an avenue for the young generation of our nation by generating employment. Company will be hiring the local residents nearby project site for employment, as per their competency. This will create employment to these people and thereby will improve their living standard. The proposed project is already located in MIDC area so area development will be as per MIDC, which will improve the living standards of the local people. 8.3 Conclusion The proposed project is expected to yield a positive impact on the surrounding environment. It will help in sustainable development of this area including further development of physical Infrastructural facilities. It will recharge the groundwater by rain-harvesting, the road structure will be repaired, massive greening drive will improve the aesthetics and generally the land prices will go up. The venture will also improve the social infrastructure, by way of strengthening the domestic set-up of the village Gram-Panchayat. Property Tax and other facilities such as security and safety will be a welcome feature. The project will have excellent multiplier effect and will become truly a win-win situation for all the stakeholders. Thus, the proposed project has substantial socio-economic and environmental benefits at the local, the State, the Regional and the National levels. 170 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

189 CHAPTER IX: Environment Cost benefits Analysis This chapter furnishes information about benefits of the proposed project to the environment. Project is intended to achieve the objective of sustainable development. 9.1 Environmental Benefits Factory proposes zero liquid discharge method for waste water treatment. Maximum waste water will be recycled back into the system. Factory will developed greenbelt around the factory. Air pollution will be abate through proper stack height, cyclone scrubber, greenbelt around the factory. Water will be recycled in the process, thereby reducing the fresh water demand. Various social and environmental program under CER scheme as described in chapter X. 9.2 Conclusion Environmental benefits of the project comprises, greenbelt development, rainwater harvesting system in the factory premises. Also under CER program, factory proposed different social, and environment program in the area like greenbelt development in the area, closed drainage, filtered drinking water facilities, solar panels for street lightening etc. 171 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

190 CHAPTER X: Environment Management Plan Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a system to address potential adverse impacts and to instruct project proponent to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project activities. EMP will ensure that the project will be implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner and where all concerned persons of the industry as well as contractors, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project to implement appropriate actions so that risk can be managed properly. Detail description pertaining to identification of pollution sources, its assessment, and related impact along with mitigation measures are given in Chapter IV Introduction Environmental Management is a resource management and environmental planning similar to development planning. Suitable environmental management measures need to be incorporated during the entire planning, construction and operation stages of the project to minimize any adverse environmental impact and assure sustainable development of the area. Proposed project is a Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing unit and is well connected to all cities nearby. Details of the proposed project are covered in Chapter II whereas; various existing environmental scenarios are presented in Chapter III. Deliberations and prediction of environmental impacts and its analysis are made in Chapter IV. Environmental Impact Analysis carried out in Chapter IV indicate that proposed developmental project would have less significant impacts on the environmental attributes. On the other hand, it will have beneficial impacts on socio-economic features and occupational structure provided following measures are undertaken. The EMP is, Prepared in accordance with rules and requirements of the MoEFCC and the State Pollution Control Board. Prepared to ensure that the component of facility are operated in accordance with the design. A process that confirms proper orientation through supervision and monitoring. A system that addresses public complaints during construction and operation phase. A plan that ensure remedial measures are implemented immediately. The key benefits of the EMP are that, it provides the organization with means of managing its environmental performance thereby allowing it to contribute to improved environment quality. The other benefits include cost control and improved relation to stakeholders. EMP includes four major element 172 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

191 Commitment and Policy: of proposed project will strive to provide and implement the Environmental Management Plan that incorporates all issues related to air, land and water. Planning: This includes identification of environmental impacts, legal requirements and setting environmental objectives. Implementation: This comprises of resources available to the developers, accountability of contractors, training of operational staff associated with environmental control facilities and documentation of measures to be taken Measurement and Evaluation: This includes monitoring, corrective actions, and record keeping. During study of the environmental attributes it was seen that all the aspects would be considered to promote the better development in case of future aspects of project as well as environmental aspects Environment Management Plan during Construction Phase The construction activities of the proposed unit will increase dust concentrations and fugitive emission. The following control measures are recommended to mitigate the probable adverse impacts Site Preparation The development of site for erections of plant structure, office building and other allied activities shall require careful management planning as the construction activities shall be located in plain barren land owned by the project proponent. It is necessary to control the dust nuisance that would be created by excavation, levelling and transportation activities so that impacts on the various components of environment would be minimized. Minor vegetation clearance will be required at site along with soil excavation. Regular sprinkling of water around vulnerable areas of the construction sites to control the dust spread or emission into the atmosphere. However, identified impacts would be of temporary type and within the plant boundary. Excavated soil will be covered with tarpaulin sheet or shall be kept in such way that dust emission will be avoided. Green belt area shall be developed to reduce air and noise pollution impacts. Top excavated soil be used in greenbelt development, rest hard rock will be used in levelling work. First aid facilities shall be made available during construction Noise Though level of construction activities shall not be very high, still some specific sources of noise like welding, transportation, movement of earth movers, tractors, concrete or asphalt mixing etc. 173 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

192 should be carried out in a controlled manner. Neither the plant nor the construction workers should be exposed to excessive noise levels. No idling of machine shall be allowed during construction activities night time construction activities and vehicular movement shall not be allowed. Personal protective equipment like ear muffs or ear plugs, masks etc. will be provided to workers who will be exposed to high noise Construction Equipment and Waste Transport vehicles as well as transport routes should be properly maintained during whole construction phase to minimize smoke / dust emission from vehicle exhausts and unpaved roads. Composite solid wastes including metal scrape, earthwork, other wastes, getting generated in construction process should be disposed of in safe manner. Certain hazardous waste materials, though the requirement of such materials shall be small, should be stored safely and be disposed of properly Site Security To ensure that the local inhabitants are not exposed to these hazards, the site shall be secured by fencing and manned entry points. It will be fully illuminated during night time. Necessary care will be taken as per the safety norms for the storage of the chemical products. Contractor will supervise the safe working of their employees. Barricades and fences will be provided around the construction area personnel protective equipment s e.g. safety helmet, goggles, gumshoes, etc. will be provided to the workers. Accidental spill of oils from construction equipment and storage sites will be prevented. Tree plantation will be undertaken during the construction phase to prevent air pollution. Provision of mobile toilet facilities during construction period Environment Management Plan for Operation Phase Factory proposes comprehensive environment management plan to combat pollution arising from the project activities. Detailed EMP is described below for various environmental parameters Air Pollution Management Baseline ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out during the month of October 2019 to December It is observed that the concentrations of PM 10, PM 2.5, SO 2 and NOx 174 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

193 are well within the prescribed limits as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The major sources of air emissions from the proposed projects include non-point and point source emissions. The major sources of air pollution from the proposed projects will be from flue gas emission, process emission and vehicular emissions. There will not be any air emission anticipated from the process. Emission other sources are particulate matter, sulphur-di-oxide and nitrogen oxide etc., from DG and stack. Steam Boiler with adequate 48 m stack height. Total particulate matter from stack will be <100 mg/nm3 All the conveyors/vehicles conveying raw material within or outside the plant premises shall be covered from all sides to prevent blowing of particles due to wind. To control the vehicular pollution, control measures will be implemented such as periodical check of Vehicle for its fitness and PUC certificates. Observance of periodical maintenance schedule and its proper implementation. Table 10.1: Utility emission Stack Steam Boiler of 5 TPH height (meter) Diameter (meter) Fuel m Furnace oil 124 kg /hr Air pollution Control Device Emission Rate (g/s) Process Absorber PM PM SO NO x 0.34 Table 10.2: Fugitive emissions Sr. Process Emissions Mitigation No. 1. Loadingunloading section Particulate matter Dust collectors/water sprinkling whenever required. Close conveyer wherever possible. Training to workers of proper handling of material. Good housekeeping. 2. Storage of chemicals, product, fuel and raw material Odor, volatile emissions, gaseous emissions Ventilation Training to workers of proper handling of material Good housekeeping 3. Vehicular emissions Particulate matter, SO 2, NOx Vehicles with valid PUC Certificate. Dust suppression on haul roads 175 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

194 Noise Pollution Management Various components of industrial operations cause some amount of noise, which shall be controlled by proper maintenance and compact technology. Closed room shall be provided for all the utilities so as to attenuate the noise pollution. Acoustic enclosure shall be provided to D.G sets. The insulation will be provided to reduce noise. Layouts of equipment foundations and structures will be designed keeping in view the requirement of noise abatement; Central control room(s) provided for operation and supervision of plant and equipment will be air-conditioned, glass fibre insulated frames which will help in reducing noise levels. Necessary enclosures will also be provided on the working platforms/areas to reduce the noise levels ; Acoustic laggings and silencers will be provided in equipment wherever necessary. The compressed air station will be provided with suction side silencers. Ventilation fans will be installed in enclosed premises. The noise level will not exceed the permissible limit 75 db (A) during the day time 70 db (A) night time within the plant premises. Green belt around the plant area will reduce the noise level further. Occupational Health and Safety (OHSAS) System for evaluation of exposure of noise pollution on the associated staff and comparing it with permissible exposure and subsequently taking corrective actions will be developed. Free flow of traffic movement shall be maintained. Earmuffs shall be used while running equipment s of the plant. Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals shall be done to reduce generation of noise. Regular monitoring of noise level shall be carried out. Greenbelt shall be developed around the periphery of the plant to reduce noise levels Water and Waste Water Management Required water source will be Additional Patalganga. Necessary permission for water extraction is available with the factory. Waste water generation from process, domestic, laboratory etc. will be treated in ETP cum STP of Capacity 18 CMD. Details are mentioned below: 176 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

195 Primary Treatment Raw effluent m 3 /day will be received in Bar Screen Chamber where coarse screen will be placed to prevent inorganic coarse solids and debris from entering the tank and prevent clogging of pipes and equipment. Over flow will go to collection cum Equalization tank through Oil and Grease trap where floating oil and grease will get removed manually. Oil collection drum shall be provided by client to collect the oil for discharge. In equalization tank, homogenization of effluent is done with the help of blown air through coarse bubble diffuser system. With the help of centrifugal pump, effluent is directly pumped to flash mixer where alum will be used as coagulant for separation of suspended solids. Over flow of flash mixer enters primary settling tank where suspended solids settle down and clear overflow enters Bioreactor for biological treatment Secondary Treatment Aerobic biological treatment will be used to reduce the BOD and COD concentration. In addition raw sewage 2 m 3 /day will be pumped to Bio-reactor. Bio Reactor tank will be provided with suspended biological mass. The mixing and Oxygen transfer in the reactor will be provided by fine bubble diffused aeration system. The MLSS from the Bio Reactor overflows to the hopper bottom settling tank. Here the bio-solids settles down and gets separated from the sewage. The settled biomass will be recycled back to the bio reactor for maintaining the MLVSS concentration. Excess biomass shall be taken to Sludge handling unit. The clear supernatant of the Settling tank shall overflow to an intermediate tank Tertiary Treatment This biologically treated effluent from intermediate tank shall be pumped through a pressure sand filter (PSF) for removing any fine solids escaping the secondary settling tank and then through Activated Carbon filter for removal of odour and colour. An inline dose of NaOCl shall be given for disinfection. The final treated water shall be collected in the final treated water tank. Treated water from the final tank will be utilized for gardening purpose Sludge Dewatering Unit The excess sludge from primary and secondary settling tank will be taken to Sludge Dewatering Unit (SDU). The solid and dried cake from SDU shall be taken for disposal and dewatered liquid shall be pumped back to collection cum equalization tank. 177 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

196 Solid Hazardous Waste Management Sr. No. 1. The hazardous waste generated shall be ETP sludge, Spent/Used Oil, Spent Resin, Old Catalyst, Wastes/Residue containing Oil, etc. from the process will be sent to CHWTSDF. All solid waste and hazardous waste shall be properly collected, stored, and disposed. Paved areas at the boundary shall be developed with impermeable paving and impermeable surfaces to direct all runoff towards storm water collection pits. Storm water shall be collected in proposed rain water harvesting pits and shall recharge the ground water. Table 10.3: Solid Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal Description Cat UOM Proposed Method of Disposal Spent Oil/ used waste 5.1 L/month 30 Reused and excess sold through authorised recycler/ re-processor 2. ETP Sludge 37.1 MT/Month 50 CHWTSDF 3. Wastes/ Residue containing Oil 36.1 MT/month 0.2 Sale to authorised dealer 4. Discarded bags 33.1 No. / Month 2,60,000 Sale to authorised dealer 5. Spent Resin 36.1 KL/month 3 Sale to authorised dealer 6. Old Catalysts 36.1 Kg/Month 50 Regenerated within the plant Green Belt Development Development of greenbelt in and around the industrial complex is an effective way to attenuate air pollution. The degree of pollution attenuation depends upon height, width, foliage, surface area of leaf and density of planted trees. Greenbelt will be developed as per CPCB guidelines. Taking into consideration ecological perspectives and availability of space and other aspects greenbelt development has been planned for the proposed project. This will help in increasing the aesthetic effect of the environment. Greenbelt will be developed along most of the periphery of the project area as well as along roads for avenue plantation. Area under plantation will be sq. m. (33 % of the open available plot area). The following characteristics have been taken into consideration while selecting plant species for green belt development and tree plantation. Fast growing Thick canopy cover Perennial and ever green Large leaf area Preferably Indigenous 178 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

197 Resistant to pollutants and should maintain ecological balance for soil and geo-hydrological conditions of the region. Abundance of surfaces on bark and foliage through roughness of bark, epidermal outgrowth on petioles, abundance of auxiliary hairs, hairs or scales on laminar surfaces and protected stomata (by wax, arches, rings, hairs, etc.) Since, the greenbelt development will be done as per the requirement i.e. type of activity performed at a particular area/ block/ plot, thus the tree spacing will vary from plot to plot. Therefore, approx. >200 plants (including trees and shrubs) are proposed for the greenbelt development. The general guidelines for development of greenbelt will be as follows: Trees growing up to 5 m or more will be planted along the plant premises and along the road sides Planting of trees will be undertaken in rows. Open areas inside the plant boundary will be covered with grass. The spacing between the trees will be maintained slightly less than the normal spaces, so that the trees will grow vertically and slightly increase the effective height of the green belt. Since the trunks of the tall trees are generally devoid of foliage, it will be useful to have shrubs in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion. Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the project site. The small trees (<10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows (towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (>10 m height) will be planted in the outer three rows (away from plant side). Trees should be planted along road sides, to arrest auto-exhaust and noise pollution. Trees interspacing Table 10.4: Planned Schedule for Green Belt Development Planned scheduled 3 x 3m Two year plan Tree density per 100 m 2 25 Shrubs, small and medium trees 5 x 5m 09 Medium and large size trees 20-25m Large size trees Size/type Location Providing Near tanks, area storage process Boundary of plot area, periphery of the factory Road side large size trees - Plan to develop well designed greenbelt as per CPCB guidelines - Irrigation facility for greenbelt - Monitoring survival rate - Providing fertilizers 179 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

198 Table 10.5: List of Plant Species for Plantations Sr. No. Species Name Local Name Habit No. of trees to be planted 1. Azadirachta indica Linn. Neem Tree Bombax ceiba Linn. Katesawar Tree 8 3. Butea monosperma L. Palas Tree Caryota urens L. Fish Tail Palm Tree Couroupita guianensis Kailashpati Tree Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Sisoo Tree Erythrina indica Indian Coral Tree Tree 6 8. Ficus benghalensis L. Wad Tree Ficus racemosa L. Umbar Tree Ficus religiosa L. Pimpal Tree Hibiscus indicus Burm. F. Hochr Jasvand Shrub Madhuca indica Moha Tree Michelia champaca Champak Tree Nerium indicum Mill. Kanher Shrub Nyctanthus arbor-tristis L. Parijatak Tree Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Karanj Tree Ravenala madagascariensis Travellers palm Tree Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jambhul Tree Tectona grandis L.f. Sag Tree Terminalia arjuna Arjuna Tree Terminalia catappa L. Badam Tree 10 Total ~ Rain Water Harvesting Plan The Rain Water Harvesting (RHW) program can helps in many ways starting from conservation of natural resources to prevention of soil erosion. Rainwater is very helpful to industry in terms of saving of economy of water consumption. The rainwater collection by roof top harvesting has been preferred at present for the proposed project. Proponent has planned to conduct a detailed study after inception of proposed project for assessment feasibility, suitability of available techniques for implementation of rainwater harvesting program. Proponent has decided to conduct rainwater harvesting. The collected rain water will be used for groundwater recharging. The probable available catchment areas worked out to be approximately 6724 m 2. The calculated harvesting potential details are provided in Table MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

199 Storm Water Drainage Line: Channels will be installed wherever required to collect and transport rain water to the storage tank. Drainage will be semi-circular and will be made using Galvanized Iron sheet folded to required shapes. Drainages will be fixed using Iron Brackets. Conduits: Pipes will be used to carry rain water from catchment to the recharge pit, passing through filter. A valve will be put at the end of wall for first flushing. Filter: Sand Filter will be used to remove suspended pollutants from the rainwater. Recharge: After filtration, water will be recharged using percolation pit, filled with pebbles or brick and river sand and covered with perforated concrete slabs. Depth of recharge pit will be designed according to ground water table of the area. The quantum of water that could be harvested in the study area is calculated using the formula, Harvesting potential = Catchment Area (m 2 ) * Runoff Coefficient * Annual Rainfall (mm) RWH Quantification Runoff coefficient for calculating flow for rainwater design based on Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment and Forests data. Average rainfall of Raigad District from last 10 years is mm. (Source. cgwb.gov.in/district_profile/maharashtra/raigarhf and Table 10.6: Incremental Run off due to project development Particulars Total Avg. rainfall m Catchment area (m 2 ) Rooftop area m 2 Landscape area(soft cape) 2500 Open area 1470 Run off co-efficient Rooftop area 0.95 Landscape area(soft cape) 0.6 Open area 0.8 Harvesting potential (m 3 ) Rooftop area Road area m 3 /year Open area Recommendations: Owing to the nature of aquifer rock, i.e. moderately weathered, fractured/jointed at most of the places, it is having moderate potential for recharge of aquifers. 181 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

200 1. Based on the survey and sec. information area shallow recharge structures such as recharge bores of limited depth around 2-5 m are suitable for the area. 2. Recharge pit around the dug well is recommended on site. 3. A recharge pit of 1.0 m x 1.0 m x 1.5 m depth should be constructed around the with filter media. Surrounding recharge pits and filter media as provided in the design can be sufficient to recharge the aquifer area available on site in a scenario of reasonable distributed rainfall in the season. The surface run off is not directly led into the recharge bore, to avoid chances of contamination of groundwater. Instead rainwater is collected in a recharge pit which will be 1.0 m x 1.0 m x 1.5 m depth. After the excavation the pits are filled with pebbles, boulders as well as coarse sand which act as filter. The size of the filter material is generally taken as: Coarse sand 1.5 to 2 mm Gravels 5 to 10 mm Boulders- 5 to 20 cm The filter material should be filled in graded manner. Boulders at the bottom, gravels in the middle and coarse sand at the top. Inside this tube well a perforated casing should be inserted up to the depth where the upper loose strata give way to the hard strata. The annular space between the tube well and the slotted casing should be filled with gravel. 182 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.

201 Occupational health and safety All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of exposure of employees to occupational safety and health hazards. Pre and post medical check-ups will be done of all the employees. Employees will be regularly examined and the medical records will be maintained for each employee. Pulmonary function test and periodical medical checkup shall be done once in every year. The following tests shall be conducted for each worker. Lung Function Test Radiology X-ray Pulmonary Function Test Audiometric Test General clinical examination with emphasis on respiratory system Pre-employment examinations Periodical medical examinations at the time of employment and after completion of employment 183 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.