How To Understand The Different Concepts Of Car Sharing In Germany

Transcription

1 Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Bogenberger Evaluation of German Car Sharing Systems 19th ITS World Congress, Vienna, Austria 23 October 2012 Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger

2 Introduction Reasons for this evaluation Growing number of Car Sharing companies and customers Different concepts Therefore: Systematic evaluation of the largest German Car Sharing organizations Analysis of the differences Advantages and disadvantages of the systems Potential for development Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 2

3 Introduction New mobility concepts Carpooling Car Sharing (CS) round trips only private (peer to peer) professionally organized (mobility providers) round trips only round trips only one-way trips possible stationbased in a specific parking zone/ region totally free-floating Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 3

4 No. of Registrations No. Of CS vehicles Introduction Since 2007: sharp increase No. of Registrations No. Of CS vehicles Development of Car Sharing in Germany Verband dt. Car Sharing Unternehmen Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 4

5 Introduction round trips one-way trips Carpooling, private CS free-floating parking zone station-based Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 5

6 Carsharing Systems Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger

7 Station-based system Fixed parking spots Round-trips only Customer returns car at initial station Classical station-based system Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 7

8 Systems based on parking areas Customer returns car in initial parking area Customer not bound to stations One-way trips within parking area System with parking areas Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 8

9 Free-floating Car Sharing systems Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 9

10 Carsharing (privat, stationsungebunden) Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger

11 Prizing model Traditionell Systems fixed rates for frequent and infrequent drivers basic fee and operating costs (distance + time) New Systems unit price for one minute distinction between the driving and parking fee Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 11

12 Cost comparison of traditional and new systems Utilization and cost comparison for different driving purposes: 1. Family Trip 2. Single person Trip 3. Cinema visit 4. Weekend Trip 1 5. Clubbing vehicle type: Station Wagon small Small to mid-size no. of persons: Mid-size to big Small to mid-size day: working day working day weekend weekend weekend time: 5-8 pm 5-8 pm 8-0 pm 10 am - 4 pm 11 pm - 5 am total distance: 15 km 10 km 20 km 100 km 20 km total travel time: 25 min 17 min 35 min 75 min 25 min parking time: 45 min 30 min 180 min 285 min 335 min Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 12

13 Cost comparison of traditional and new systems Traditional concept: tariff: standard (2 /month) 1. - selection of vehicle class: D-station wagon - time and kilometer fee: 2,80 per hour 0,23 per kilometer - payoff by hour: instead of 70min: 2 hours 2,80 /hour x 2hour + 0,23 /km x 15km + 1 = 10, selection of vehicle class: B-Small - time and kilometer fee: 2,20 per hour 0,22 per kilometer - payoff by hour: Instead of 47min: 1 hour 2,20 /hour x 1hour + 0,22 /km x 10km + 1 = 5,40 New concept: no choice of tariff required - selection of vehicle: BMW 1series - uniform pay scale: driving 0,29 /min parking 0,10 /min - payoff by minute: 70min calculated 0,29 /min x 25min + 0,10 /min x 45min - selection of vehicle: MINI Cooper - uniform pay scale: driving interruption Max. hour - payoff by minute: 47min calculated 0,29 /min x 17min + 0,10 /min x 30min = 11,75 0,29 /min 0,10 /min 14,90 /Std = 7,93 Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 13

14 Cost comparison of traditional and new systems Traditional concept: tariff: standard (2 /month) 3. - selection of vehicle class: C-Mid-size - time and kilometer fee (10 pm -8 am): 2,50 (1,30 ) per hour 0,22 per kilometer - payoff by hour: Instead of 215min: 4 hours 2,50 /hour x 2hour + 1,30 /hour x 2hour + 0,22 /km x 15km + 1 = 11,90 New concept: no choice of tariff required - selection of vehicle: MINI Cooper - uniform pay scale: driving 0,29 /min interruption 0,10 /min max per hour 14,90 /hour - payoff by minute: 215min calculated {0,29 /min x 35min} + 0,10 /min x 180min = 28,15 {10,15 } 4. - selection of vehicle class: D-Combi - time and kilometer fee: 2,80 per hour 0,23 per kilometer - payoff by hour: 6 hours calculated 2,80 /hour x 6hour + 0,23 /km x 100km + 1 = 40,80 - selection of vehicle: BMW 1series - uniform pay scale: driving interruption - payoff by minute: 360min calculated 0,29 /min x 75min + 0,10 /min x 285min 0,29 /min 0,10 /min = 50,25 Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 14

15 Cost comparison of traditional and new systems Traditional concept: tariff: standard (2 /month) 5. - selection of vehicle class: C-Mid-size - time and kilometer fee (10 pm -8 am): 2,50 (1,30 ) per hour 0,22 per kilometer - payoff by hour: 6 hours calculated 1,30 /hour x 6hour + 0,22 /km x 20km + 1 = 13,20 New concept: no choice of tariff required - selection of vehicle: MINI Cooper - uniform pay scale: driving 0,29 /min interruption 0,10 /min max per hour 14,90 /hour - payoff by minute: 360min calculated {0,29 /min x 25min} + 0,10 /min x 335min = 40,75 {7,25 } Prize of the new concepts with parking fee is slightly higher than the one of the traditional providers Without this fee the new concepts are cheaper Not choosing the parking fee is only applicable, if there are enough vehicles available for the return The new systems are not suitable for longer trips outside of the city Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 15

16 Summary Traditional concepts: New concepts: More extensively spread Bound to stations One-way trips only Booking in advance necessary Sometimes old technology End time of usage has to be specified Different cars for different purposes Only a few cities, but expanding One-Way trips possible Booking not necessary Latest touch screen technology Open-end usage Limited selection of vehicle models Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 16

17 Outlook Cooperation with public transport: "The customer can only achieve an economic advantage by using Car Sharing, if he does not use it as means of transportation for all daily walks, but combines these regularly recurring daily paths (such as the way to work) with bus, rail, bicycle, or on foot. Change of the traffic behavior of individuals Mobility insurance" in case of insufficient coverage by public transport Can be achieved by cooperation with public transport and clear cost transparency Car Sharing and electromobility: An increasing integration of electric vehicles takes place in the Car sharing fleets Development is still at the beginning Two fundamental problems : 1. acquisition costs 2. limited range [Klimaschutz durch CarSharing, V.i.S.d.P.: Willi Loose, April 2008, Freiburg, page 6-7 (translated from German)] Munich University of the Federal Armed Forces Department of Traffic Engineering Klaus Bogenberger 17