Copernicus Landmonitoring in Europa: Status und Ausblick

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1 Folie 1 > Copernicus Status > Michael Bock> Copernicus Copernicus Landmonitoring in Europa: Status und Ausblick Michael Bock, DLR Raumfahrtmanagement Workshop:Copernicus Land Monitoring Services und Erdbeobachtung: Bedarf und Anwendungen für Ökosystemforschung UFZ, Halle,

2 Folie 2 Agenda Die Copernicus Weltraumkomponente GIO-Land

3 Folie 3 Who s who in Copernicus Europäische Kommission Gesamtverantwortung Dienste Nutzereinbindung Finanzierung Koordination Weltraumkomponente Entwicklung d. Sentinels Satellitenbetrieb Sentinels-1, -2, -3land Nationale in situ Systeme/Daten Betrieb Sentinel 3/4/5 Met. Missionen Mitgliedstaaten der EU/ESA Nationale EO Missionen Nationale Nutzung EU Agenturen Spezifikation und Nutzung der Dienste Koordination von Nutzeranforderungen

4 Folie 4 Weltraum-Segment von Copernicus ESA koordiniert den Aufbau der Weltraumkomponente Bau dedizierter Missionen im ESA-Programm GMES Space Component (GSC) Beschaffung von bzw. Zugang zu Drittmissionen Sentinel-1: Radar Beobachtung von Land und Ozean, sowie Eiskartierung Sentinel-2: multispektraler optischer Sensor Beobachtung von Landbedeckung und nutzung Sentinel-3: Sensoren zur Meeresbeobachtung: Farbe, Temperatur, Höhe Sentinel-4/-5: Atmosphärensensoren (Ozon, Luftqualität, Treibhausgase) in geostationärem und polarem Orbit

5 Sentinel-1

6 Sentinel 1: C-band SAR mission GMES C-band radar imaging mission for ocean, land and emergency services 6-day repeat cycle (with 2 satellites) Sun synchronous orbit at 693 km mean altitude Applications: monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment surveillance of marine environment (e.g. oil spill monitoring) maritime security (e.g. ship detection), wind, wave, current monitoring monitoring of land surface motion (subsidence, landslide, tectonics, volcanoes, etc.) support to emergency / risk management (e.g. flooding, etc.) and humanitarian aid in crisis situations mapping of land surfaces: forest, water and soil, agriculture, etc.

7 Sentinel 1 SAR operational modes Data recording / transmission capabilities SAR operation modes: Default modes: Interferometric Wide Swath 250 km swath; level-1 product (IWS): best res.: 20 m Wave (WV): sampled images of 20x20 km at 100 km along the orbit, alternating into 2 incidence angles level-1 product best resolution: 50 m Additional modes: Extra Wide Swath (EWS): 400 km swath; level-1 product best res.: 50 m Strip Map (SM): 80 km swath, 6 possible incidence angles; (exceptionally use only) level-1 product best resolution: 9 m

8 Sentinel-2

9 Sentinel 2: Multispectral Optical Mission 2 satellites in twin formation Orbit: Sun-synchronous at 786 km (14+3/10 revs/day), with LTDN 10:30 AM Revisit: 5 days at equator (with 2 satellites) under same viewing conditions; Multispectral Instrument: pushbroom with 13 bands in the visible, near infra-red (VNIR) and short wave infra-red (SWIR) part of the spectrum High spatial resolution: 10m, 20m and 60m; Wide field of view: 290 km Geographical Coverage: All land masses 56 S bis 83 N incl. major islands (>100 km 2 ) All EU islands < 20 km off the coast All Mediterranean Inland waters and all closed seas We care for a safer world

10 Sentinel 2: 13 Spectral Bands VNIR SWIR VIS NIR SWIR Visible B1 B9 B10 60 m Aerosols Water-vapour Cirrus B5 B7 B8a Snow / ice / cloud discrimination 20 m Vegetation Red-edge B6 B11 B12 10 m Continuity with SPOT5 multispectral 400 nm B2 B3 B4 B8 600 nm 800 nm 1000 nm 1200 nm 1400 nm 1600 nm 1800 nm 2000 nm 2200 nm 2400 nm We care for a safer world

11 Sentinel 2: Swath SPOT4 60 x 60 km x 2 IRS P6 LISS III 141x141 km Landsat ETM+ 180 x 172 km Sentinel x 290 km High revisit time assured by twin satellite observations performed over a very large swath

12 Sentinel-2 simulated repeat rates in summer with 2 Satellites Maximum effective coverage time for SC1 and SC2 (days) (<15% cloud cover with 68% confidence) days days

13 Sentinel 3: Ocean & land mission 3 core missions for continuity in supporting GMES Marine and Land Services : Sea and land colour data (MERIS) Sea/Land surface temperature (AATSR) Sea surface topography (Envisat RA) Payload design also allows: Spot Vegetation data continuity (SPOT4/5) with enhanced fire monitoring capabilities SAR for coastal zones, in-land water and sea-ice topography Revisit time: 4 days (OLCI), 2 days (SLSTR), 27 days (SRAL) with 1 unit Sun synchronous orbit at km mean altitude over geoid 1250kg spacecraft mass and 7-year design life time (consumables for 12)

14 The ESA Sentinel Portal

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16 Folie 16 Source: Hans Dufourmont, EEA Copernicus User Forum,

17 Delegated tasks to the EEA A. GMES land monitoring service: Pan-European Continental Component Providing land cover and land cover change information at Pan-European scale Production of 5 thematic high resolution layers B. GMES land monitoring service: Local Component Providing very High Resolution information on specific areas of interest at European level (as defined in GMES annual work programmes) C. Dissemination + archiving + cataloguing According to Dissemination Plan Source: EEA

18 Land pan-european component, ref. year 2012 Corine Land Cover 2012 Sealed soil Forest type Tree cover density Grassland Wetlands Image mosaics Source: EEA Water bodies

19 Folie 19 Source: Tobias, Langanke, EEA, NRC Land Cover Meeting,

24 Folie 24 Degree of Imperviousness 2012, Input Data Content Coding Degree of Imperviousness m x 20m data - two coverages of IMAGE2012 Housing areas Traffic areas Industrial, commercial areas, factories Amusement parks Construction sites with evolving built-up structures Single (farm) houses (where possible to identify) Other sealed surfaces that are part of fuzzy categories, Water edges with paved borders Thematic pixel values 0: all non-impervious areas 1-100: imperviousness values 254: unclassifiable, 255: outside area Draft Michael Bock, table compiled on base of the GUIDELINES FOR VERIFICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION LAYERS PRODUCED UNDER GMES/COPERNICUS INITIAL OPERATIONS (GIO) LAND MONITORING , Draft 4

25 Folie 25 Input Data Tree Cover Density and Forest Type two coverages of IMAGE2012, additional Multi-seasonal Image data Layer: Layer One: Forest Cover Density, 20x20m, % Laver Two : Dominant Forest Type (Coniferous, Decidous), Tree Cover density %, MMU 0,5 ha. Support Layer: trees predominantly used for agricultural practices - broadleaved" and "trees in urban context Content Evergreen / non-evergreen broadleaved, sclerophyllous and coniferous trees Orchards, olive groves, fruit and other tree plantations, agro-forestry areas, forest nurseries, regeneration, transitional woodlands Alleys, wooded parks and gardens, urban trees features inside forests (forest roads, firebreaks, thinning, etc. partially burnt are-as, storm damages, insect-infested damages, etc.) Draft Michael Bock, table compiled on base of the GUIDELINES FOR VERIFICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION LAYERS PRODUCED UNDER GMES/COPERNICUS INITIAL OPERATIONS (GIO) LAND MONITORING , Draft 4

26 Folie 26 Permanent Grassland , 20m x 20m, Input Data Layer: IMAGE 2006, (20m resolution, resampled) 3-8 AWIFS Images of 2012 (60m resolution) Layer One: Permanent grassland , MMU 0,16ha Support Layer: Urban context, Airports, Sport and Leisure Content Pasture, grassland used for grazing or meadow used for hay production (CLC classes 2.3.1, to 2.4.4). Cultivated or semi-natural grassland within forests and grass-covered surface within transitional woodland Natural grassland in any surrounding (CLC class 3.2.1). Grassy area with low (max. 10%) fraction trees & shrubs. Alpine meadow with low fraction of bare rock or gravel. Dehesa, olive plantation, orchard and fruit plantation where grassy cover fraction is dominant. Draft Michael Bock, table compiled on base of the GUIDELINES FOR VERIFICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION LAYERS PRODUCED UNDER GMES/COPERNICUS INITIAL OPERATIONS (GIO) LAND MONITORING , Draft 4

27 Folie 27 Wetlands , 20m x 20m, Input Data Method: Content IMAGE 2006, (20m resolution, resampled) 3-8 AWIFS Images of 2012 (60m resolution) EU-DEM, EU-HYDRO, Soil Sealing 2009 as spatial filters To solve the problem of mapping seasonal development of macrophyte vegetation com-munities covering water bodies, An index [0...1] is computed based on frequency of wetland accurrences across the whole time-series of satellite images. Wetlands will be classified primarily based on the presence of water, therefore temporary water areas will become an essential part of Wetlands products. Wetlands include the following landscape types: Wetlands associated to permanent water bodies Wetlands not associated to permanent water bodies Wetlands with vegetation (macrophyte) cover or without Peatlands (having presence of surface water) Coastal wetlands (salt marshes, salines, intertidal flats) Wetlands include the following e.g. plant communities: Helophytes, Nimfeides (Nymphoides),Pleustophytes, Draft Michael Bock, table compiled on base of the GUIDELINES FOR VERIFICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION LAYERS PRODUCED UNDER GMES/COPERNICUS INITIAL OPERATIONS (GIO) LAND MONITORING , Draft 4

28 Folie 28 Input Data Permanent Water bodies , 20m x 20m, IMAGE 2006, (20m resolution, resampled) 3-8 AWIFS Images of 2012 (60m resolution) EU-DEM, EU-HYDRO, Soil Sealing 2009 as spatial filters Layer: Permanent water bodies Temporary water bodies -> wetlands Content Permanent lakes, ponds (artificial and man-made) including fish ponds Rivers, channels permanently with water Coastal water surfaces: lagoons, estuaries Draft Michael Bock, table compiled on base of the GUIDELINES FOR VERIFICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION LAYERS PRODUCED UNDER GMES/COPERNICUS INITIAL OPERATIONS (GIO) LAND MONITORING , Draft 4

29 Folie 29 First results of HR Layer verification few countries only < 4-15% of area) Encouraging results are shown by Tree Crown Density, Forest Type and Permanent Water Bodies Most problematic HRLs: Imperviousness (scaling, probable can be improved) Permanent Grassland (insufficient accuracy) Wetland seems partially successful Infos based on: Gyorgy buttner, HRL verification and enhancement, EEA NRC Landcover meeting,

30 GMES land monitoring: local components Urban Atlas Biodiversity: riparian zones 305 Urban Atlas datasets available from Source: EEA Production starts in 2013

34 Folie 34 Source: Hans Dufourmont, EEA Copernicus User Forum, No Member consultation, critizised by several MS in User Forum

35 Folie 35 Detailed specifications of GIO HR- Layer available

40 Folie 40 Copernicus Websites Copernicusportal DE Copernicus und Dienstportal EU GMES Data Access, Sentinel und Copernicus portal der ESA

41 Folie 41 Vielen Dank, Rückfragen bitte an: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.v. (DLR) Raumfahrtmanagement Erdbeobachtung Königswinterer Str Bonn Michael Bock Telefon Telefax