A. heating and pressing B. melting and cooling. C. weathering and eroding D. compacting and cementing

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1 8th Grade Unit 3 Test Rocks & Minerals Name: Date: 1. A rock cycle diagram is shown below. What happens to rocks at location 3 in the diagram? A. heating and pressing B. melting and cooling C. weathering and eroding D. compacting and cementing 2. Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by A. cementation. B. chemical weathering. C. sedimentation. D. increased pressure. 3. In an area where a river has cut deep into Earth, there are several layers of very different rock exposed. The oldest rock layer is most likely to be the layer that is A. below the other layers. B. the thickest layer. C. the most rich in fossils. D. igneous intrusive rock. 4. The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are typically located near what feature? A. a mid-ocean ridge B. a continental shelf C. an abyssal plain D. a subduction trench 5. Relative cooling rates of igneous intrusive rocks can be estimated by comparing rocks A. crystal sizes. B. composition. C. density. D. chemical reactivity. page 1

2 Earth scientists use theories and principles to help determine the relative age and formation of rocksand landforms. Superposition Cross-cutting Unconformities Younger sedimentary rock layers are generally found on top of older rock layers. Faults and igneous intrusions are younger than the rock they cut through. An eroded surface that separates older rocks below from younger rocks above. Rocks & Minerals page 2 8th Grade Unit 3 Test

3 6. Which statement about the formation of rocks is true? A. Heat and pressure can change igneous rock to sedimentary rock. B. Weathering and erosion can change sedimentary rock into sediment. C. Heat and pressure cause metamorphic rock to weather and erode. D. Weathering and erosion prevent magma from changing into igneous rock. 7. A volcanic rock is black, glossy, and smooth. How did this rock most likely form? A. Rapidly, on the Earth s surface B. Rapidly, beneath the Earth s surface C. Slowly, on the Earth s surface D. Slowly, beneath the Earth s surface 8. The table below shows how four different rocks were formed and gives their composition. Rock Formation Composition 1 Sand Particles cemented together Silica and sand particles 2 Shallow marine precipitate calcium minerals and fossils 3 Cooled quickly from lava at the surface Iron and magnesium minerals 4 Cooled slowly from the magma deep in earths interior Granite is one kind of intrusive igneous rock. Which rock described in the table is most likely granite? Quartz and other silica minerals A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D A rock sample will most likely contain A. plants. B. minerals. C. water. D. wood. 10. Ricky finds a rock that has tiny seashells in it. Which statement is most likely true about the rock? A. The rock was formed in outer space. B. The rock was formed in an ocean, lake, or river. C. The rock was formed by a volcano that erupted. D. The rock was formed by materials that were under heat and pressure. Rocks & Minerals page 3 8th Grade Unit 3 Test

11. Which statement is the best description of what happens in the rock cycle? A. Rocks on old mountains are gradually weathered away, while mountain building and volcanism form new mountains. B.

4 11. Which statement is the best description of what happens in the rock cycle? A. Rocks on old mountains are gradually weathered away, while mountain building and volcanism form new mountains. B. Once formed, rocks stay in place until rocks above them are weathered away and they reach the surface. C. As sedimentary rocks are buried deep below other rocks, they are changed by heat and pressure, eventually return to the surface, and are weathered again. D. Younger sedimentary rocks are always deposited on top of older metamorphic or igneous rocks. 12. Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form? A. in a volcano B. on a forest floor C. on a coral reef D. at the bottom of a river 13. The diagram below shows some of the layers of rocks found in the Grand Canyon. Scientists find these layers of rock useful for studying fossils. What type of rock is shown labeled in these layers? A. extrusive B. igneous C. metamorphic D. sedimentary Rocks & Minerals page 4 8th Grade Unit 3 Test

14. Dora wrote down some observations of four rock samples she was studying.

The diagram below illustrates changes in rock as granite forms gneiss.

5 14. Dora wrote down some observations of four rock samples she was studying. Based on her observations, which of the following rock samples is most likely a sedimentary rock? A. B. C. D. 15. Various processes are involved in the formation of different types of rocks. The diagram below illustrates changes in rock as granite forms gneiss. In addition to heat, which of the following changes granite to gneiss? A. acid B. erosion C. pressure D. water 16. Which of the following areas is most likely to form metamorphic rocks such as gneiss and schist? A. a sea floor B. a windblown desert C. a site deep underground D. a site covered by a glacier Rocks & Minerals page 5 8th Grade Unit 3 Test

17. Rocks and minerals are common materials found on Earth. Which property do most rocks and minerals share? A. They are pure. B. They are solid. C. They are liquid. D. They are magnetic. 18.

6 17. Rocks and minerals are common materials found on Earth. Which property do most rocks and minerals share? A. They are pure. B. They are solid. C. They are liquid. D. They are magnetic. 18. The picture below shows lava flowing out of a volcano and into the ocean. What kind of rock forms when the lava cools after entering the ocean? A. Igneous B. Metallic C. Sedimentary D. Metamorphic 19. A girl collects rocks while at the beach. She notices that the rocks are milky white and contain fossils. What type of rock has she found? A. sedimentary, because it contains fossils B. sedimentary, because it is milky white C. metamorphic, because it contains fossils D. metamorphic, because it is milky white 20. The table below shows the characteristics of five minerals. Characteristics of Minerals Mineral Shiny or Dull Magnetic 1 Dull No 2 Shiny No 3 Shiny Yes 4 Shiny No 5 Dull No A student wants to classify the minerals that are shiny and nonmagnetic in the same group. Which minerals belong in this group? A. Minerals 1 and 2 B. Minerals 2 and 3 C. Minerals 2 and 4 D. Minerals 4 and Which type of rock forms under high temperatures and pressure but is not exposed to enough heat to melt? A. igneous B. metamorphic C. sedimentary D. volcanic Rocks & Minerals page 6 8th Grade Unit 3 Test

7 22. Which method is best for studying the composition of Earth s core? A. Drill holes to the center of Earth to take samples. B. Study rocks eroded by rivers. C. Study earthquake waves. D. Take samples in a cave. 23. Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance? A. inferring B. classifying C. generalizing D. hypothesizing 24. A student observed a layer of rock that contained several fossils. Which of these processes were most directly involved in forming this layer of rock? A. freezing and thawing B. evaporation and condensation C. erosion and runoff D. sedimentation and compaction Rocks & Minerals page 7 8th Grade Unit 3 Test

Rocks & Minerals. 10. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? 1) rock salt 3) basalt 2) rhyolite 4) conglomerate

Rocks & Minerals. 10. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? 1) rock salt 3) basalt 2) rhyolite 4) conglomerate 1. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals, only a small number are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most 1) minerals weather before they can be identified 2) minerals have