1. What are the three functions of the nervous system?

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1 Name: Date: Topic 10: Nervous System 1 What are the three functions of the nervous system? 2 Sense organs that detect stimuli are known as 3 An electrochemical change along the neuron is known as a(n) 4 The central nervous system includes the and the 5 The peripheral nervous system is broken down into the and autonomic systems 6 The fight or flight response is controlled by the part of the autonomic system known as the nervous system 7 Label the following parts of a neuron: A B C D E F G 8 The type of neurons that carry messages from receptors to the brain and spinal cord are called neurons 9 The type of neurons that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to effectors are called neurons

2 10 The fiber bundle that is located within the CNS is known as a 11 Identify three functions of neuroglia 12 When an impulse is to be transmitted along a neuron a(n) is initiated 13 At resting membrane potential, the inside of the axon is more (positive/negative) than the outside since there are more (Na+/K+) located outside than there is (Na+/K+) inside 14 During depolarization, ions rush into the membrane making the inside more (positive/negative) 15 After depolarization, occurs 16 During the period, the Na/K+ pump restores the membrane to its original state 17 Explain why an action potential is an all or none event 18 Communication within neurons is an (electrical/chemical) signal while communication between neurons is an (electrical/chemical) signal 19 When an action potential reaches axon terminals, ions stimulate to be released into the synapse 20 A disease in which motor neurons are destroyed is known as 21 Paralysis of one limb is known as while paralysis of both lower limbs is known as 22 What prevents harmful changes in the blood from entering the brain?

3 23 The lobe of the cerebrum is the primary sensory area and sensory association area 24 The auditory association area is found in the lobe 25 The diencephalon is made up of the,, and 26 The part of the brain stem that controls reflexes is known as the 27 What is the function of the cerebellum? 28 Identify the labeled structures:

4 29 An autoimmune disease where the body s immune system begins to attack the PNS is known as 30 A brain injury at birth that cause a wide variety of motor disorders is known as 31 Bleeding inside the brain or skull that cause swelling and pressure is known as a brain 32 Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain results in 33 A bulging of blood vessels which may cause it to rupture is known as an Topic 11: Senses 34 Types of receptors that detect pain are known as 35 Receptors that maintain muscle tone and good posture in order to coordinate movements are known as 36 Another term for the sense of taste is 37 The clear part of the sclera that allows light to enter the eye is known as 38 The controls lens shape 39 The contains blood vessels that nutritionally support cells 40 The interior structure of the eyeball that transmits light and maintains fluid pressure and the cornea s slight forward curve 41 The adjusts to focus light on photoreceptors to see objects that are near and far 42 Cones detect while rods detect changes in 43 The largest concentration of cone cells and therefore has the sharpest vision can be found in the 44 The pigment that aids in absorbing light is called

5 45 Farsightedness is known as while nearsightedness is known as 46 is a lack of eyeball coordination 47 Excess pressure of the aqueous humor results in 48 Another name for ear drum is 49 Slow progressive hearing loss associated with age is called 50 A hereditary bone disorder which prevents the vibration of the stapes that can lead to conductive hearing loss is called 51 Define sensory adaptation What types of receptors do not adapt? Topic 12: Endocrine System 1 What are some functions of hormones? 2 What are two differences between the nervous and endocrine systems? 3 The two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are and 4 The hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates milk production is 5 Excessive production of growth hormone in childhood results in while excessive growth hormone in adulthood results in

6 6 Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to a lack of iodine in the diet is known as a 7 Hormone increases calcium levels while hormone decreases blood calcium levels 8 The adrenal produces epinephrine and norepinephrine 9 The glands of the produce hormones responsible for controlling blood glucose levels 10 What are three cardinal symptoms of diabetes? Topic 13: Nephrology and Urology 52 What are some examples of metabolic wastes? 53 The structure in the kidneys responsible for filtering the blood of unwanted substances is known as a(n) 54 Identify 4 functions of the kidney

7 55 Identify the structures of the nephron

8 56 Once urine has formed in the kidney, it travels to the bladder through the and out of the body through the 57 Inflammation of the kidney is known as Topic 14: The Skeletal System 58 The two main divisions of the skeletal system are the and skeleton 59 The center of the bone that contains bone marrow is the cavity 60 The ends of the bone are known as the and the middle shaft of the bone is known as the 61 The type of bone tissue where bone marrow is found is called bone 62 What is the difference between red and yellow bone marrow? 63 The process by which cartilage is converted to bone is known as 64 The bone located right above your eyebrows is the bone 65 The bone located on the posterior side at the base of the skull is the bone 66 The two bones that make up the side walls of the skull are the bones 67 The lower jaw bone is the while the upper jaw bone is the 68 The cheek bone is also known as the bone 69 There are pairs of ribs Of those pairs are called true ribs since they attach directly to the, while pairs are considered false ribs

9 70 Label the following diagram The bone of the forearm that is located on the medial side in anatomical position is the 72 The weight bearing bone of the lower leg is the 73 connects bone to bone while connect muscle to bone

10 74 Flexion is a bending motion that the angle at a joint while extension the angle 75 Walking on the lateral side of your foot would be considered 76 A fracture that results in an incomplete break is called a fracture 77 If a fracture occurs straight across the bone it is a fracture 78 A fracture that results in a bone that is pressed inward is a fracture Topic 15: Muscular System 79 The three types of muscle tissue are,, and muscle 80 Bundle of muscle fibers are known as and they are surrounded by a connective tissue called 81 The point at which a nerve cell contracts a muscle is called the 82 The neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction is 83 The two proteins that wrap around actin preventing myosin from interacting with it are and 84 The main ion that is released in order to expose binding sites on actin is 85 Explain why rigor mortis occurs 86 The steady low level contracted state which helps to stabilize joints and posture is called

11 87 Label the following structures The muscles that does most of the work is the the muscles that provide an opposite movement is the while

12 89 An involuntary contraction of muscles just under the skin that can be caused by fatigue, stress and electrolyte imbalance is known as a 90 The tearing of ligaments is called a 91 An autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness that particulary affects the muscles of the eyelids, face and neck is known as 92 A chronic condition that causes pain, tenderness and stiffness of muscles, commonly affecting women, is Topic 16: Reproductive System 93 The tissue of the testes that produces spermatozoa is 94 Identify three functions of testosterone: 95 The coiled tube located on the surface of the testis where sperm cells are temporarily stored and matured is the 96 Identify three functions of semen: 97 The location within the female reproductive tract where the ova is fertilized is the 98 The cells that help mature and release the ova and hormones during the menstrual cycle are the 99 The period during which menstruation ceases is known as 100 Painful menstrual flow is known as 101 Growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus is commonly known as 102 What is the difference between an embryo and a fetus?

13 103 Identify how the following hormones are important in maintaining pregnancy A Progesterone B Estrogen C HCG D hpl E Relaxin 104 A pregnancy that develops in a location outside of the uterine cavity is known as a(n)

14 105 Label the following structures

15 Essay Questions: (4 of the following will be on your final exam) 1 Identify how light passes through the eye Make sure to include all of the eye structures the light passes through until it reaches the optic nerve 2 Identify how sound passes through the ear Make sure to include all of the ear structures the sound waves pass through until it reaches the auditory nerve 3 Identify what happens during the 3 phases of urine formation Make sure to include the components that are moving into and out of the nephron and the 4 main components in urine 4 Identify the mechanism of a synapse Make sure to include how a message moves from the axon terminal to the dendrite of the next neuron 5 Identify 4 differences between a female pelvis and a male pelvis 6 Identify 3 types of synovial joints and identify a place in the body where each is located 7 Identify 3 differences between the three types of muscle tissue (consider the structure, function and location of that muscle) 8 Identify the four phases of the menstrual cycle and describe what happens during each Make sure to include hormones that are released and the structures involved 9 Identify what happens during each of the four stages of labor 10 Identify three abnormal components of urine and explain what condition these components may be a sign of