ODYSSEY Molecular Explorer High School Chemistry Release 5.4
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1 Wavefunction, Inc. ODYSSEY Molecular Explorer High School Chemistry Release 5.4 Correlation with the 2010 Mississippi Science Framework High School Approved July 25, 2008 P h y s i c a l S c i e n c e 4. Develop an understanding of the atom a. Cite evidence to summarize the atomic theory (DOK 1). Models for atoms Lab 19 "The Quantum Model of Atoms" Building blocks of matter (e.g., proton, neutron, and electron) and elementary particles (e.g., positron, mesons, neutrinos, etc.) Atomic orbitals (s, p, d, f) and their basic shapes Lab 20 "Examining a Hydrogen Atom" Lab 21 "Atomic Orbitals" Lab 22 "Comparing the Orbitals of Helium, Neon, and Argon" Lab 23 "The Atomic Orbitals of Krypton" c. Research the history of the periodic table of the elements and summarize the contributions which led to the atomic theory (DOK 2). Experiments (e.g., gold foil, cathode ray, etc.) d. Utilize the periodic table to predict and explain patterns and draw conclusions about the structure, properties, and organization of matter (DOK 2). Atomic composition and valence electron configuration (e.g., atomic number, mass number of protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes, and ions)
2 Periodic trends using the periodic table (e.g., valence, reactivity, atomic radius) Lab 26 "Atomic Radii" Solids, liquids, and gases Lab 4 "Two Dimensional Models Side by Side" Lab 3 "The States of Matter" 5. Investigate and apply principles of physical and chemical changes in matter a. Write chemical formulas for compounds comprising monatomic and polyatomic ions (DOK 1). Lab 6 "The Different Types of Compounds" Lab 31 "Polyatomic Ions" C h e m i s t r y 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the atomic model of matter by explaining atomic structure and chemical bonding a. Describe and classify matter based on physical and chemical properties and interactions between molecules or atoms (DOK 1). Physical properties (e.g., melting points, densities, boiling points) of a variety of substances Lab 8 "Classifying the Properties of Ammonia" Substances and mixtures Lab 6 "The Different Types of Compounds" Lab 7 "The Types of Mixtures" Three states of matter in terms of internal energy, molecular motion, and the phase transitions between them Lab 4 "Two Dimensional Models Side by Side" Lab 3 "The States of Matter" Lab 40 "Comparing the Density of Liquids and Gases" Lab 58 "Pouring a Granular Material" Lab 60 "Molecular Motion in the States of Matter" Lab 68 "The Melting Transition at the Molecular Level" Lab 70 "The Evaporation of Liquid Air"
3 c. Develop a model of atomic and nuclear structure based on theory and knowledge of fundamental particles (DOK 2). Properties and interactions of the three fundamental particles of the atom Lab 19 "The Quantum Model of Atoms" e. Compare the properties of compounds according to their type of bonding (DOK 1). Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonding Lab 28 "Ionic Bonding" Lab 29 "What Do Covalent Bonds Look Like?" Lab 30 "The Energetics of Bonding in Chlorine and Nitrogen" Polar and non polar covalent bonding Lab 32 "Polar Bonds and Molecules" Lab 33 "Classifying Diatomic Molecules" Lab 34 "Molecular Dipole Moments" Valence electrons and bonding atoms Lab 32 "Polar Bonds and Molecules" f. Compare different types of intermolecular forces and explain the relationship between intermolecular forces, boiling points, and vapor pressure when comparing differences in properties of pure substances (DOK 1). Lab 61 "Intermolecular Forces" Lab 65 "The Elements Capable of Hydrogen Bonding" Lab 66 "Comparing Ice with Liquid Water" g. Develop a three dimensional model of molecular structure (DOK 2). Lewis dot structures for simple molecules and ionic compounds Many Stockroom Pages Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) Lab 35 "Predicting Molecular Shapes" Lab 36 "Comparing Conceivable Shapes for a Given Molecule"
4 3. Develop an understanding of the periodic table a. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in individual isotopes using atomic numbers and mass numbers, write electron configurations of elements and ions following the Aufbau principle, and balance equations representing nuclear reactions (DOK 1). Lab 18 "Isotopes" Lab 21 "Atomic Orbitals" Lab 23 "The Atomic Orbitals of Krypton" b. Analyze patterns and trends in the organization of elements in the periodic table and compare their relationship to position in the periodic table (DOK 2). Atomic number, atomic mass, mass number, and number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in isotopes of elements Lab 18 "Isotopes" Chemical characteristics of each region Lab 24 "Molecular Structure and Dynamics of the Elements" Lab 89 "The Alkali Metals" Lab 90 "The Alkaline Earth Metals" Lab 91 "The Elements of the Boron Group" Lab 92 "The Elements of the Carbon Group" Lab 93 "The Elements of the Nitrogen Group" Lab 94 "The Elements of the Oxygen Group" Lab 95 "The Halogens" Lab 96 "The Noble Gases" Lab 97 "The Transition Metal Elements" Periodic properties (e.g., metal/nonmetal/metalloid behavior, electrical/heat conductivity, electronegativity, electron affinity, ionization energy, atomic/covalent/ionic radius) Lab 26 "Atomic Radii" d. Use stoichiometry to calculate the amount of reactants consumed and products formed (DOK 3). Empirical formula given the percent composition of elements Lab 13 "Percent Composition"
5 4. Analyze the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic models of matter a. Analyze the nature and behavior of gaseous, liquid, and solid substances using the kinetic molecular theory (DOK 3). Lab 15 "The Nature of Thermal Energy" Lab 39 "The Lack of Shape of Samples of Gas" Lab 45 "The Meaning of Temperature" Lab 48 "Boyle's Law Illustrated" Lab 53 "The Distribution of Kinetic Energies" Lab 60 "Molecular Motion in the States of Matter" b. Use the ideal gas laws to explain the relationships between volume, temperature, pressure, and quantity in moles (DOK 2). Conditions that favor an ideal gas Lab 51 "The Universality of the Ideal Gas Law" c. Use the gas laws of Boyles, Charles, Gay Lussac, and Dalton to solve problems based on the laws (DOK 2). Lab 47 "The Pressure Volume Relationship" Lab 48 "Boyle's Law Illustrated" Lab 49 "The Pressure Temperature Relationship" Lab 52 "Partial Pressure" d. Explain the thermodynamics associated with physical and chemical concepts related to temperature, entropy, enthalpy, and heat energy (DOK 2). Specific heat as it relates to the conservation of energy Lab 16 "Measuring the Specific Heat" Amount of heat absorbed or released in a process, given mass, specific heat, and temperature change Lab 16 "Measuring the Specific Heat" Endothermic or exothermic changes Lab 81 "Reactive Collisions between Molecules" Lab 82 "Examining a Reaction Mechanism"
6 e. Describe and identify factors affecting the solution process, rates of reaction, and equilibrium (DOK 2). Concentration of a solution in terms of its molarity, using stoichiometry to perform specified dilutions Lab 74 "Specifying the Molarity" Chemical reaction rates affected by temperature, concentration, surface area, pressure, mixing, and the presence of a catalyst Lab 81 "Reactive Collisions between Molecules" Relationship of solute character Lab 76 "Energetics and Structure of a Dissolved Salt" Le Chatelier s Principle Lab 84 "Chemical Equilibrium and Temperature" Lab 85 "Chemical Equilibrium and Pressure" 5. Compare factors associated with acid/base and oxidation/reduction reactions a. Analyze and explain acid/base reactions (DOK 2). Properties of acids and bases, including how they affect indicators and the relative ph of the solution Lab 79 "The Strength of Halogen Oxoacids" The ph or poh from the hydrogen ion or hydroxide ion concentrations of solution Lab 78 "Strong Acids" O r g a n i c C h e m i s t r y 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the properties, structure and function of organic compounds a. Apply International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature and differentiate the structure of aliphatic, aromatic, and cyclic hydrocarbon compounds (DOK 1). Structures of hydrocarbon compounds Lab 99 "The Structure of Straight Chain Alkanes" Lab 100 "Cyclic Hydrocarbons" Lab 102 "Alkenes and Alkynes" Isomerism in hydrocarbon compounds
7 Lab 98 "How Are Carbon Compounds Special?" Lab 101 "Isomers of the Alkanes" Lab 102 "Alkenes and Alkynes" b. Relate structure to physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbon (DOK 1). Lab 99 "The Structure of Straight Chain Alkanes" Lab 105 "Comparing and Identifying Functional Groups" c. Apply principles of geometry and hybridization to organic molecules (DOK 2). Lewis structures for organic molecules Lab 99 "The Structure of Straight Chain Alkanes" Bond angles Lab 99 "The Structure of Straight Chain Alkanes" Lab 102 "Alkenes and Alkynes" f. Classify functional groups (e.g., alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, and nitrides) by their structure and properties (DOK 2). Structural formulas from functional group names and vice versa Lab 104 "Classifying Organic Compounds" Lab 105 "Comparing and Identifying Functional Groups" Chemical and physical properties of compounds containing functional groups Lab 104 "Classifying Organic Compounds" Lab 105 "Comparing and Identifying Functional Groups" 3. Discuss the versatility of polymers and the diverse application of organic chemicals a. Describe and classify the synthesis, properties, and uses of polymers (DOK 2). Common polymers Application 7 "Recyclable Plastics" Application 9 "Rubber" Application 10 "Nylon"
8 Application 11 "Teflon" Application 13 "Polycarbonate" b. Develop a logical argument supporting the use of organic chemicals and their application in industry, drug manufacture, and biological chemistry (DOK 1). Common uses of polymers and organic compounds in medicine, drugs, and personal care products Application 34 "Top 10 Prescription Drugs" Application 35 "Pain Medications" Application 74 "Soap" Petrochemical production Application 16 "Natural Gas" Application 17 "Gasoline" Biologically active compounds in terms of functional group substrate interaction Application 61 "Oxygen Transport I" c. Research and summarize the diversity, applications, and economics of industrial chemicals (solvents, coatings, surfactants, etc.) (DOK 3). Application 1 "Top 10 Inorganic Chemicals" Application 2 "Top 10 Organic Chemicals" Application 3 "Common Solvents" Application 20 "Fertilizers"
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