Bell Work. Everyone needs a Prentice Hall Book. Answer Questions 1 and 2 on pg 347 of the Prentice Hall Book in your notebook
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1 Speed vs. Velocity
2 Bell Work Everyone needs a Prentice Hall Book Answer Questions 1 and 2 on pg 347 of the Prentice Hall Book in your notebook I will be stamping Activity 74
3 Reviewing Key Concepts pg a. What is speed? Speed is distance traveled per unit time. b. What is the average speed of a car that travels 160 km in 2 hours? 80 km/h c. If you walked at an average speed of 1.2 m/s, how long would it take to cross a road that is 16-m wide? 16 m 1.2 m/s = 13 1/3 s Note: units m m s m = 1 m s
4 2a. What is velocity? Velocity is speed in a given direction. b.describe the two ways in which velocity can change. Velocity can change in speed or direction or both. c. Your car s speedometer reads a constant 35 mi/hr. Can you say your velocity is constant? Explain. Probably not. The question does not give information about change (or no change) in direction. Velocity involves both speed and direction.
5 Act 74 Graphs
6 Act 74 Analysis Questions 3. List some common units for speed. Why are there so many different units? 4. What part(s) of your experimental design in Part B: a. Increased your confidence in the results? b. decreased your confidence in the results? 5. What is a car s speed, in m/s if it travels: a. 5 meters in 0.1 seconds? b. 5 meters in 0.2 seconds? c. 10 meters in 0.2 seconds? 6. Why do you think speeding is a factor in about 20% of fatal car accidents?
7 Activity 75 Title: Interpreting Motion Graphs
8 When you measured the speed of a cart rolling down a track, do you think the carts were going the same speed the whole time? The cart started at rest (0 m/s) It then sped up to its top speed down the ramp It eventually slowed down until it stopped came to rest (0 m/s) You found the AVERAGE SPEED INSTANTANEOUS SPEED is the speed at any given moment in time (speedometer).
9 In this activity... You will analyze graphs of distance versus time that show motion over a whole trip. The motion may be different throughout the trip. Notice on pg. E-12, the road to school is a straight road and does not require any turning. This activity focuses on linear motion only.
10 Read E-12 Problem: How can you use a graph to describe motion? Hypothesis: If you, then you.
11 Procedure Trip Slips figure out where they go on the graphs! You will be will be exploring how the slope on the graph relates to speed. You will also analyze graphs of distance versus time that show motion over a whole trip, as opposed to determining one average speed over a trip
12 Distance vs Time Graph rules 1. A straight line indicates a constant speed. 2. A horizontal line indicates no motion, or zero speed A positively slope line (upward) indicates motion away from the reference point, or positive velocity. 4. A negative slope line (downward) indicates motion towards the reference point, or negative velocity.
13 Distance vs Time Graph rules 5. A steeper slope indicates a faster speed. 6. The value of the slope is the speed defined by graphed units of time and distance. 7. A curved line of changing slope indicates linear acceleration, or a change in speed. 8. The rate of curvature defines the amount of acceleration.
14 Distance (mi) What do you know about reading a motion graph? x-axis is time Y-axis is distance Time (hr)
15 What do the changes in the graph s slopes on a distanceversus-time graph mean?
16 Slope Slope = the change in y ( y) the change in x ( x) = the change in the distance ( d) the time interval ( t)
17 Discussion Are Teasha s and Josh s graphs realistic? Do cars usually change speed instantaneously? What would be a more realistic way to draw the graphs?
18 Distance Distance Time Time Not Realistic Realistic
19 Analysis Question #5 An object accelerates if t has a change n speed or direction. A distance vs. time graph with a constant slope shows that the speed is constant. If the slope is increasing, the speed is increasing and the car is accelerating.
20 Distance Distance Time Time Acceleration: slope is increasing Deceleration: slope is decreasing
21 Graphing Speed: Distance vs. Time Graphs Denver Phoenix
22 Average speed Speed is usually NOT CONSTANT Ex. Cars stop and go regularly Runners go slower uphill than downhill Average speed = total distance traveled/total time it took.
23 Calculating Average Speed It took me 1 hour to go 40 km on the highway. Then it took me 2 more hours to go 20 km using the streets. Total Distance: 40 km + 20 km = 60 km Total Time: 1 h + 2 h = 3 hr Ave. Speed: total d/total t = 60 km/3 h = 20 km/h Total _ Dist. Ave._ Speed Total _ time
24 Question I ran 1000 m in 3 minutes. Then ran another 1000 m uphill in 7 minutes. What is my average speed? A) 100 m/min B) 2000 m/min C) 10 m/min D) 200 m/min E) 20 m/min Total Dist. = 1000 m m = 2000 m Total Time = 3 min + 7 min = 10 min Ave speed = total dist/total time = 2000m/10 min = 200 m/min = D
25 Velocity Velocity the SPEED and DIRECTION of an object. Example: An airplane moving North at 500 mph A missile moving towards you at 200 m/s
26 Graphing Speed: Distance vs. Time Graphs Speed = Slope = Rise/ Rise
27 Graphing Speed: Distance vs. Time Graphs Speed = Slope = Rise/ Rise=? 600 km 3 h
28 Graphing Speed: Distance vs. Time Graphs Speed = Slope = Rise/ Rise=? 600 m Rise/ 3 minutes
29 Distance (km) Different Slopes Slope = Rise/Run = 1 km/1 hr = 1 km/hr Run = 1 hr Slope = Rise/Run = 0 km/1 hr = 0 km/hr Rise = 1 km Run = 1 hr Rise = 0 km Time (hr) Run = 1 hr Rise = 2 km Slope = Rise/Run = 2 km/1 hr = 2 km/hr
30 Distance (km) Question Below is a distance vs. time graph of my position during = 2 a km/hr race. What was my AVERAGE speed for the entire race? Average Speed = Total distance/total time = 12 km/6 hr Run Time = (hr) 6 hr Rise = 12 km
31 Distance (mi.) Question Below is a distance vs. time graph for 3 runners. Who is the fastest? Time (h) Bob Jane Leroy Leroy is the fastest. He completed the race in 3 hours
32 Acceleration Acceleration = speeding up Acceleration the rate at which velocity changes Can be an: Increase in speed Decrease in speed Change in direction
33 Increasing speed Types of acceleration Example: Car speeds up at green light Decreasing speed screeeeech Example: Car slows down at stop light Changing Direction Example: Car takes turn (can be at constant speed)
34 Question How can a car be accelerating if its speed is a constant 65 km/h? If it is changing directions it is accelerating
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