Cell Parts. Types of Organelles
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- Annabelle Miles
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1 Cytoplasm: (found in both animal cells d plant cells) A large part of the inside of the cell is filled with a jellylike substance called cytoplasm. Like the blood f lowing throughout your body, cytoplasm constantly moves inside the cell. This "soup" like substance distributes materials such as oxygen and food to different parts of the cell. This organelle also helps to support all the other organelles inside a cell. Cell Membrane: (found in both animal cells d plant cells) Like the skin covering your body, the cell membrane surrounds and protects the contents of every cell. The cell membrane acts as a protective barrier. This organelle not only a "container", its structure also helps to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Types of Organelles ORGANELLE: The. term organelle comes from the idea that these structures are similar to organs in the human body. Organelles are the parts of a cell that store food, discharge waste, produce energy and perform functions similar to what organs do in living things. Cells are like factories in which the business of life is always going on. Every cell must carry out certain activities that keep it alive. These activities include obtaining materials and supplies of energy, making products, and getting rid of wastes. To carry out these functions, cells have basic structures in common. Structures inside the cell are known as organelles. Cell Parts
2 Mitochondria: (found in both animal cells cf p/ant cells) Because cells do work, they need energy. Their energy is produced by oval- shaped organelles called mitochondria. Mitochondria are the power centers of the cell. Inside the mitochondria, tiny food particles are broken down to release their chemical energy for the cell's activates. Some cells have more mitochondria than others, such as muscle cells because they need more energy to function. These organelles are about the size of bacteria but may have different shapes depending on the cell type. Mitochondria have a double membrane, or double skin. The outer membrane is fairly smooth, but the inner membrane is very convoluted. Endoplasmic reticulum: (found in both animal cells d p/ant cells) The endoplasmic reticulum is a folded membrane that forms a series of canals within the cytoplasm. Materials are transported through these canals to different parts of the cells. Nucleus: (found in both animal cells d p/ant cells) The nucleus is often the most easily seen structure in a cell. The nucleus controls the cell's activates. The cell nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear membrane which controls what enters and leaves the nucleus. Within the nucleus is the DNA responsible for providing the cell with its unique characteristics. The DNA is similar in every cell of the body, but depending on the specific cell type, some genes may be turned off. So for example, this is why the liver cell is different from a muscle cell, and a muscle cell is a different
3 Chloroplasts: (found in plant cells) Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found only in plants. Chloroplasts are the structures in which the process of photosynthesis takes place, (photosynthesis uses energy from the Sun to make carbohydrates). These organelles contain chlorophyll which is responsible for the plant's green colour. Chloroplasts have a double outer membrane. Cell wall: (found in plant cells) The cell wall occurs only in the cells of plants and fungi. Cell walls are much thicker and more rigid than cell membranes, and are made mostly of a tough material. The cell wall provides and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier. The cell wall is responsible for the crispness of fresh vegetables. Vacuoles: (found in both animal cells d plant cells) Balloon like spaces within the cytoplasm which is a storage area for surplus food, wastes and other substances that the cell cannot use right away. Vacuoles, are surrounded by a membrane. In animals vacuoles are generally small. In plants, vacuoles are very large and play several different roles (storing nutrients, waste production, and helps increase size during growth, etc). from a fat cell.
4 DAIS: NAME: CLASS: VOCABULARY Puck The Part s of a Plant Cell L doa^ n Use this page to review the vocabulary of plant cells by labelling a diagram. t What to Do Below is a diagram of a plant cell. Different parts of the cell have letters of the alphabet on them. Draw lines from each of these letters and write in the name of each cell part being indicated. For assistance, turn to pages in SCIENCEPOWERTM S COPYright 0I%IcGraw- Hill Ryerson Limited. Permission to reproduce this page is granted to the vurehas. fnr _:.. t z:_..
5 DAM. NAME CLASS: MM3M VOCABULARY CHECK The Parts of an Animal Cell Goal n Use this page to review the vocabulary of animal cells by labelling a diagram. What to Do n Below is a diagram of an animal cell. Different parts of the cell have letters of the alphabet on them. Draw lines from each of these letters and write in the name of each cell part being indicated. For assistance, turn to pages in SCIENCEPOWERTM S.
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