A Second World War. Strayer: Ways of the World Chapter 21

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1 A Second World War Strayer: Ways of the World Chapter 21

2 World War II was even more global than World War I independent origins in Asia and Europe dissatisfied states in both continents wanted to rearrange international relations

3 The Road to War in Asia Japanese imperial ambitions rose in the 1920s and 1930s Japan had acquired influence in Manchuria after the Russo-Japanese War of : Japanese military units seized control of Manchuria established the puppet state of Manchukuo Western criticism led Japan to withdraw from League of Nations by 1936, Japan was more closely aligned with Germany/Italy

4 The Road to War in Asia 1937: major attack on the Chinese heartland started WWII in Asia international opinion was against Japan; the Japanese felt threatened growing belief that Western racism was in the way of Japan being accepted as an equal power Japan was heavily dependent on foreign strategic goods,especially from the United States imperialist powers controlled the resources of Southeast Asia

5 The Road to War in Asia : Japan launched conquest of European colonies (Indochina,Malaya, Burma, Indonesia, and the Philippines) presented themselves as liberators of their fellow Asians the reality was highly brutal rule by the Japanese December 1941: attack on Pearl Harbor only after the United States imposed an oil embargo on Japan Japanese authorities couldn t see a way around U.S. hostility; saw no choice but war

6 The Road to War in Asia Pearl Harbor joined the Asian and European theaters of war into a single global struggle

7 The Road to War in Europe Nazis promised to rectify the injustices of Versailles at first, Britain, France, and the USSR were unwilling to confront German aggression - appeasement

8 The Road to War in Europe war was perhaps actually desired by the Nazi leadership Hitler stressed the need for living space in Eastern Europe began rearmament in : annexation of Austria and the Germanspeaking parts of Czechoslovakia 1939: attack on Poland triggered WWII in Europe

9 The Road to War in Europe Germany quickly gained control of most of Europe rapid defeat of France air war against Britain invasion of the USSR

10 The Road to War in Europe Germany s new tactic of blitzkrieg was initially very successful but was stopped by Soviet counterattack in 1942 Germans were finally defeated in May 1945

11 The Outcomes of Global Conflict an estimated 60 million people died in WWII more than half the casualties were civilians the line between civilian and military targets was blurred the USSR suffered more than 40 percent of the total number of deaths massive destruction

12 The Outcomes of Global Conflict China also suffered massive attacks against civilians in many villages, every person and animal was killed the Rape of Nanjing ( ): 200, ,000 Chinese civilians were killed; countless women were raped bombing raids on Britain, Japan, and Germany showed the new attitude toward total war

13 The Outcomes of Global Conflict governments mobilization of economies, people, and propaganda reached further than ever before large numbers of women were drawn into industry and the military the Holocaust: some 6 million Jews were killed in genocide millions of others considered undesirable were also killed by the Nazis

14 The Outcomes of Global Conflict WWII left Europe impoverished, with its industrial infrastructure in ruins and millions of people homeless or displaced Europe soon was divided into U.S. and Soviet spheres of influence weakened Europe could not hold onto its Asian and African colonies

15 The Outcomes of Global Conflict WWII consolidated and expanded the communist world Soviet victory over Germany gave new credibility to the communist regime Soviet authorities played up a virtual cult of WWII communist parties took power across Eastern Europe communist takeover of China by 1949 Chinese Communist Party had led the fight against Japan

16 The Outcomes of Global Conflict growing internationalism creation of the United Nations (1945) as a means for peaceful conflict resolution establishment of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (1945) the new dominance of the United States as a global superpower

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