Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

Transcription

1 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which row best describes the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Row Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration A. Absorbs carbon dioxide and water for the production of light energy. Releases carbon dioxide and water, which are converted into chemical energy. B. Absorbs carbon dioxide and oxygen in the synthesis of food molecules. C. Converts light energy into food molecules such as glucose and starch. D. Converts light energy into chemical energy to be stored in glucose and other foods. Releases carbon dioxide and oxygen from food molecules. Converts food molecules, such as glucose and starch, into chemical energy. Releases chemical energy from glucose and other foods for use by cells. 2. The second law of thermodynamics states that no process of energy conversion is 100% efficient. This accounts for which of the following statements? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Solar energy is absorbed at Earth s surface. c. Light energy is essential for the process of photosynthesis. d. Heat is released from living organisms. 3. Which row best identifies the types of organisms at various trophic levels? Row First level Second level Third level Fourth level A. Producers Secondary Tertiary Carnivores B Producers Primary Secondary Tertiary C. Herbivores Primary Secondary Tertiary D. Herbivores Secondary Tertiary Carnivores 1

2 Name: 4. The top level of a pyramid of biomass is narrower than the lower levels because top-level a. require more food than the producers b. lose more energy than the producers c. store energy most efficiently d. receive the least amount of energy 5. Most substances that move in biochemical cycles travel through the atmosphere as well as through soil and water. Which of the following cycles involve only soil and water? a. Phosphorus cycle c. Nitrogen cycle b. Carbon cycle d. Sulfur cycle 6. Bacteria play an important role in both carbon and nitrogen cycles. Which row correctly identifies the role of bacteria in each cycle? Row Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle A. Decomposition of organic matter Nitrogen fixation B. Ammonification Nitrification C. Absorption of carbon dioxide Production of methane D. Storage of matter in carbon sinks Nitrogen fixation 7. Use the following information to answer the next question. The consumption of grain products would support a larger human population than the consumption of meat, because energy is not being lost in the metabolic processes of the animals. Which of the following arguments BEST supports this claim? a. Vegetarian foods contain more energy and nutrients. b. Meat products are said to be less healthy than vegetarian foods. c. More food is available for humans by reducing trophic levels in the food chain. d. Farmers use less energy growing grain than in raising animals. 8. The i trophic level consists of producers and the ii trophic level consists of primary carnivores. The statement given above is completed by the information in row: A. second fourth B. first second C. first third D. third second 9. One way to think about feeding relationships among organisms uses the concept of trophic level. What does the Greek word trophic mean? a. Energy c. Water b. Food d. Animal 2

3 Name: 10. i measurements are an excellent indicator of ii in the living organisms of an ecosystem. The statement given above is completed by the information in row: A. Biomass energy B. Number biomass C. Number energy D. Size energy 11. Producers in terrestrial ecosystems undergo i while producers in deep-sea vent ecosystems undergo ii. The statement given above is completed by the information in row A. respiration photosynthesis B. photosynthesis chemosynthesis C. chemosynthesis photosynthesis D. chemosynthesis respiration 12. The pyramid of i is always upright while the pyramid of ii can be upright or inverted. The statement given above is completed by the information in row: A. biomass number B. number biomass C. energy biomass D. biomass energy 13. i is an example of an energy releasing process and ii is an example of an energy storing process. The statement given above is completed by the information in row: A. Photosynthesis respiration B. Respiration photosynthesis C. Photosynthesis chemosynthesis D. Chemosynthesis respiration 3

4 Name: 14. Identify the correct path by which energy flows in the biosphere. a. Producers, secondary, herbivores, tertiary, decomposers b. Herbivores, secondary, producers, tertiary, decomposers c. Decomposers, herbivores, producers, secondary, tertiary d. Producers, herbivores, secondary, tertiary, decomposers 15. Which of the following statements about energy is not correct? a. Energy cannot be created. b. Energy cannot be destroyed. c. All energy conversions are 100% efficient. d. Energy cannot cycle as matter does. 16. Use the following information to answer the next question. Water plays an important role in the hydrologic cycle. A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule are linked by which bond or force? a. Ionic bond c. Dispersion forces b. Covalent bond d. Metallic bond 17. More than 97% of water in the biosphere exists in liquid form. Water in comparison with other liquids has a relatively i boiling point and a ii melting point. The statement given above is completed by the information in row: A. high low B. low low C. low high D. high high 18. A food chain shows linear pathways by which food is transferred from producers to primary to higher trophic levels. Which of the following models represents a food chain correctly? a. Grass Man Bees Cattle b. Algae Kingfisher Insects Herbivorous c. Deer Frog Tiger Elephant d. Phytoplankton Zooplankton Small fish Whale 19. Which of the following rows correctly matches the components of an ecosystem with their description? Row Components of an ecosystem Description A. Producers Eat autotrophs for the required energy B. Primary Consume dead organic material C. Secondary and tertiary Eat other heterotrophs D. Decomposers Convert solar energy into chemical energy 4

5 Name: 20. In a pyramid of numbers, what does each bar and its width represent? Row Bar of pyramid of number Width of pyramid of number A. Relative number of organisms Amount of living material in an organism B. Different trophic level Relative number of organisms C. Total energy trapped Different trophic level D. Amount of living material in an organism Total energy trapped 21. Which of the following is a closed system? a. an apple on a tree c. a steaming cup of coffee b. a fish in an aquarium d. a can of pop in a cooler 22. Which statement about energy flow and matter in an ecosystem is correct? a. Both energy and matter are recycled. b. Matter is recycled, and energy is lost. c. Energy is recycled, and matter is lost. d. Neither energy nor matter is recycled. 23. Which kind of energy is stored in foods? a. chemical c. thermal b. kinetic d. radiant 24. A rabbit that eats a plant is _. a. a first-order consumer c. a second-order consumer b. a producer d. a carnivore 25. All first-order are _. a. carnivores c. small animals b. omnivores d. herbivores 26. The pyramid of numbers does not apply to food chains in which _. a. are at the lowest trophic level b. carnivores outnumber herbivores c. producers are at the higher trophic levels d. small organisms feed on a large organism 27. The energy from sunlight may be considered a _. a. renewable resource b. nonrenewable resource c. form of contamination d. possible source of ozone layer destruction 28. Which statement is not true for fossil fuels? a. It is a nonrenewable resource. b. Current sources of these fuels could run out in about 600 years. c. Shale formations may provide a new source. d. New oil deposits for future generations are being formed each year. 5

6 Name: 29. Which technique is not helping with forest conservation? a. forest farming c. planting of trees on private land b. clear cutting d. improvement cutting 30. Rain is normally slightly acidic because _. a. carbon dioxide in the air combines with water to form carbonic acid b. sulfuric and nitric acid are being dumped into the atmosphere c. prevailing winds are responsible for the increased acidity d. the chemical reaction forming water occurs only with a low ph 6