Formation of Mountains, Hills and Plateaus. Landforms. Landforms SJCHS
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1 Formation of Mountains, Hills and Plateaus Landforms Mountains and hills: Large masses of rocks that is higher in elevation than surroundings Mountains have a higher elevation than hills Both occur in ranges SJCHS Landforms Plateaus: Large, broad, flat areas higher in elevation than surroundings 1
2 Mountain formation Folded Mountains: Form when two plates converge, causing rock layers to squeeze together and cause uplift Forms tall mountains Ex.: Himalayas, Appalachians, Alps 2 forces are acting on mountains/hills: gravity pulling down and a buoyant force from the mantle pushing up Erosion and weathering: Causes rock to breakdown, resulting in a decrease in elevation and mass of mountains and hills Isostasy: When the 2 forces are equal (no change in elevation) 2
3 As mass decreases, the crust rebounds, causing an increase in the height of the hill/mountain Mountain formation Fault-Block Mountains: Faults can cause blocks of rock to tilt and uplift, creating mountains Grabens: Long narrow valleys that form when blocks of rock drop in height Mountain formation Dome Mountains: Magma intrudes into crust, pushing up rock layers forming mountain; tend to be circular and symmetrical 3
4 Plateaus Plateaus: Can form in the same way as the types of mountains Plateaus Magma intrusion Plateaus Plates colliding and erosion Plateaus Repeated lava flows that build up over time 4
5 Volcanoes SJCHS Volcano Volcano: Hill or mountain constructed from erupted materials Volcano Causes Magma is liquid rock and is less dense than solid rock Magma will float upwards through the crust forming a magma chamber In some places magma can reach the surface erupting as lava 5
6 Volcano Volcanoes form at convergent and divergent boundaries and over hot spots nimations/volcanoes/main.html Volcano Hot spots: Mantle plumes rise to crust, forming temporary volcanoes As plates move, mantle plumes stay stationary, forming new volcanoes in the same spot science/terc/content/visualizations/es09 04/es0904page01.cfm?chapter_no=visu alization 6
7 Lava Basaltic: Thin lava, dark in color, high in temperature, flows quickly Rhyolitic: Thicker lava, light in color, lower temperature, flows slowly Andesitic: In-between other 2 types Lava Pyroclasts: Other substances that erupt from volcanoes Can be ash, small rocks, large rocks Pyroclastic flow: A combination os hot ash, dust, and gases that travel at high speeds Lava Quiet eruptions: Lava only Explosive eruptions: Pyroclastic material and lava 7
8 Types Shield Volcanoes: Broad based, small sloped, cone shaped volcanoes that from many basaltic lava flows Types Volcanic dome: Felsic lava that forms rounded, steep volcano Types Cinder Cones (Strato volcano): Steep slopes made from pyroclastic explosions Types Composite: Alternating layers of pyroclastic material and lava; high elevation 8
9 Types Geysers Caldera: A violent eruption can cause magma chamber to empty, causing it to collapse forming a large basin Volcanoes and Humans science/terc/content/visualizations/es09 05/es0905page01.cfm?chapter_no=visu alization Volcanic eruptions (lava, pyroclastic flow) can cause death (about 300,000 since 1500), destruction of buildings/roads/etc Serious volcanic eruptions could cause mass extinction 9
10 Volcanoes and Humans Scientists monitor volcanoes for signs of eruptions (earthquake activity, uplifting or tilting of ground, increase of carbon dioxide or UV rays) Volcanoes and Humans Scientists don t usually use active, dormant, extinct ; instead, use a warning system 10
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