CHAPTER 11 MUSCLE part 2
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1 CHAPTER 11 MUSCLE part 2 anterior hip posterior hip lateral hip medial hip anterior knee posterior knee anterior leg at ankle posterior leg at ankle anterior leg at foot posterior leg at foot LE - what action? anterior quadriceps femoris (4) iliopsoas sartorius posterior medial hamstrings (3) adductors (3) gracilis (flexes knee) flex hip extend knee extend hip flex knee adduct hip iliopsoas O: iliacus - iliac fossa psoas - lumbar vertebra I: lesser trochanter sartorius O: ASIS I: medial, proximal tibia (pes anserinus) rectus femoris O: AIIS (anterior ilium) I: tibial tuberosity (patellar ligt) thigh compartments hip - anterior adductors longus, brevis, magnus O: pubis I: femur, medially (linea aspera) adductor tubercle gracilis O: pubis I: medial, proximal tibia hip - medial
2 pectineus O: pubis, pectineal line I: lesser trochanter, medial femur to linea aspera adduction ; medial rotation hip - posterior _ gluteus maximus O: ilium, sacrum (posterior) I: gluteal tuberosity; iliotibial tract hamstring group (in general) O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia (posterior) biceps femoris I: lateral tibia condyle ; fibular head semitendinosus I: medial tibial condyle semimembranosus I: medial tibial condyle gluteus medius (and minimus) O: ilium (laterally) I: greater trochanter tensor fascia lata O: iliac crest ; ASIS I: iliotibial tract (into lateral knee ligaments) O: I: piriformis superior gemellus obturator internus inferior gemellus obturator externus quadratus femoris sacrum ; obturator membrane ; ischium greater trochanter pectineus O: pubis, pectineal line I: lesser trochanter, medial femur to linea aspera adductor ; medial rotator hip - lateral hip lateral rotators hip medial rotators hamstrings : biceps femoris long head short head semitendinosus semimembranosus O: femur thigh / knee - posterior
3 gastrocnemius sartorius popliteus O: lateral condyle of femur I: proximal tibia quadriceps femoris rectus femoris vastus muscles O: vastus lateralis - linea aspera (lateral) I: tibial tuberosity quadriceps tendon patellar ligament vastus medialis - linea aspera (medial) vastus intermedius - femur (anterior) inserts into patella thigh / knee - anterior anterior tibialis anterior extensor digitorum, hallucis posterior gastrocnemius ; soleus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum, hallucis lateral fibularis muscles tibialis anterior O: tibial shaft (anterior) I: medial cuneiform (tarsal) extensor digitorum longus O: tibia and fibula I: phalanges (dorsum) extensor hallucis longus I: great toe (dorsum) dorsiflexion extend foot, toes plantarflex flex foot, toes eversion ; plantarflex leg compartments lower leg - anterior gastrocnemius O: medial and lateral femoral condyles I: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon) soleus O: tibia and fibula (posterior) I: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon) triceps surae = gastrocnemius + soleus lower leg - posterior
4 calcaneal (Achilles) tendon plantaris O: lateral femoral condyle I: calcaneus tibialis posterior O: tibia and fibula I: tarsals and metatarsals (plantar) flexor digitorum longus O: tibia (posterior) I: phalanges flexor hallucis longus I: great toe (plantar) fibularis (peroneus) longus I: 1 st metatarsal and cuneiform (under foot) fibularis (peroneus) brevis I: 5 th metatarsal base rectus abdominis O: pubic crest and symphysis I: xiphoid and ribs 5-7 other muscles : lower leg - posterior lower leg - lateral abdominals O: external oblique - lower ribs internal oblique - lumbar fascia, iliac crest transversus abdominis - lumbar fascia I: linea alba diaphragm O: lower ribs, sternum, lumbar vertebra I: central tendon external intercostal muscles O: inferior border of rib I: superior border of rib below internal intercostal muscles O: superior border of rib I: inferior border of rib above breathing
5 erector spinae paravertebral muscles (PVM) paraspinals O: multiple vertebrae and ribs I: multiple vertebrae semispinalis O: TP s of multiple vertebrae I: multiple vertebrae quadratus lumborum O: iliac crest I: TP s of upper lumbar vertebrae lateral flexion pelvic diaphragm = levator ani + coccygeus supports pelvic organs external uretral sphincter external anal sphincter levator ani coccygeus pubococcygeus iliococcygeus A: acting bilaterally acting unilaterally back - muscles pelvic floor neck - anterior sternocleidomastoid O: manubrium, clavicle (medial) I: mastoid process scalenes anterior, middle, posterior O: TP s of cervical vertebrae ( anterior ) I: ribs 1-2 splenius O: SP s C7-T5, ligamentum nuchae I: mastoid, occipital bone neck - posterior semispinalis ; spinalis O: TP s of multiple vertebrae I: multiple vertebrae (cephalad)
6 A: temporalis O: temporal bone (fossa) I: coronoid process (mandible) masseter O: zygomatic bone and arch I: mandible medial pterygoid O: pterygoid plate I: mandible (near angle) mastication (TMJ) lateral pterygoids O: pterygoid plate I: mandibular condyle digastric O: mastoid I: mandible (through hyoid) also aids swallowing platysma name indicates O and I suprahyoid group aid swallowing, stabilize hyoid mylohyoid mandible - hyoid stylohyoid styloid - hyoid geniohyoid mandible - hyoid infrahyoid group aid swallowing and speaking sternohyoid sternum - hyoid sternothyroid sternum - thyroid cartilage thyrohyoid thyroid cartilage - hyoid omohyoid scapula - hyoid occipitofrontalis = Epicranius raise eyebrows orbicularis oris closes, protrudes lips orbicularis oculi closes eyelids buccinator smile zygomaticus smile risorius smile mentalis protrude lower lip levator labii superioris elevates upper lip depressor labii inferioris depresses lower lip levator anguli oris elevates corner of mouth depressor anguli oris depresses corner of mouth platysma lowers mandible muscles that open jaw (TMJ) neck anterior (swallowing) facial muscles
7 genioglossus hyoglossus styloglossus intrinsic muscles pharyngeal muscles laryngeal muscles palatine muscles protracts tongue depresses tongue retracts tongue aid swallowing aid vocalizing aid swallowing close nasopharynx tongue movement other muscles A: swallowing constrictor muscles stylopharyngeus palatopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus A: move larynx cricothyroid cricoarytenoid thyroarytenoid arytenoid muscles aid vocal production pharyngeal muscles laryngeal muscles A: swallowing levator veli palatini depressor veli palatini close nasopharynx palatine muscles
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