Harald Ibach Hans Lüth. Solid-State Physics. An Introduction to Principles of Materials Science. Second Edition. With 232 Figures.
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1 Harald Ibach Hans Lüth Solid-State Physics An Introduction to Principles of Materials Science Second Edition With 232 Figures Springer
2 Contents 1 Chemical Bonding in Solids The Periodic Table of the Elements Covalent Bonding Ionic Bonding Metallic Bonding The Hydrogen Bond The van der Waals Bond 15 Problems 16 2 Crystal Structures The Crystal Lattice Point Symmetry Reflection in a Plane Inversion Rotation Axes Rotation-Inversion Axes The 32 Crystal Classes (Point Groups) The Significance of Symmetry Simple Crystal Structures The Face-Centered Cubic Structure Hexagonal Close Packing The Body-Centered Cubic Structure The Diamond Structure The Zinc Blende Structure Ionic Structures 32 Problems 33 3 Diffraction from Periodic Structures General Theory of Diffraction Periodic Structures and the Reciprocal Lattice The Scattering Conditions for Periodic Structures The Bragg Interpretation of the Laue Condition Brillouin Zones The Structure Factor Methods of Structure Analysis Types of Probe Beam Procedures for Determining Structure 50 Problems 52 Panel I: Diffraction Experiments with Various Particles.. 54 Panel II; X-Ray Interferometry and X-Ray Topography... 60
3 X Contents 4 Dynamics of Atoms in Crystals The Potential The Equation of Motion The Diatomic Linear Chain Scattering from Time-Varying Structures Phonon Spectroscopy 75 Problems 77 Panel III: Raman Spectroscopy 79 5 Thermal Properties of Crystal Lattices The Density of States The Thermal Energy of a Harmonic Oscillator The Specific Heat Capacity of the Lattice Effects Due to Anharmonicity Thermal Expansion Heat Conduction by Phonons 94 Problems 100 Panel IV: Experiments at Low Temperatures "Free" Electrons in Solids The Free Electron Gas in an Infinite Square-Well Potential The Fermi Gas at T= OK Fermi Statistics HI 6.4 The Specific Heat Capacity of Electrons in Metals Electrostatic Screening in a Fermi Gas - The Mott Transition Thermionic Emission of Electrons from Metals 121 Problems The Electronic Bandstructure of Solids General Symmetry Properties The Nearly-Free-Electron Approximation The Tight-Binding Approximation Examples of Bandstructures The Density of States 146 Problems 150 Panel V: Photoemission Spectroscopy Magnetism Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism The Exchange Interaction Exchange Interaction Between Free Electrons The Band Model of Ferromagnetism The Temperature Behavior of a Ferromagnet in the Band Model Ferromagnetic Coupling for Localized Electrons Antiferromagnetism 175.<
4 Contents XI 8.8 Spin Waves 179 Problems 183 Panel VI: Magnetostatic Spin Waves 184 Panel VII: Surface Magnetism Motion of Electrons and Transport Phenomena Motion of Electrons in Bands and the Effective Mass Currents in Bands and Holes Scattering of Electrons in Bands The Boltzmann Equation and Relaxation Time The Electrical,Conductivity of Metals Thermoelectric Effects The Wiedemann-Franz Law 214 Problems 216 Panel VIII: Quantum Oscillations and the Topology of Fermi Surfaces Superconductivity Some Fundamental Phenomena Associated with Superconductivity Phenomenological Description by Means of the London Equations Instability of the "Fermi Sea" and Cooper Pairs The BCS Ground State Consequences of the BCS Theory and Comparison with Experimental Results Supercurrents and Critical Currents Coherence of the BCS Ground State and the Meissner-Ochsenfeld Effect Quantization of Magnetic Flux Type II Superconductors Novel "High Temperature" Superconductors 265 Problems 273 Panel IX: One-Electron Tunneling in Superconductor Junctions 275 Panel X: Cooper Pair Tunneling - The Josephson Effect Dielectric Properties of Materials The Dielectric Function Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation The Dielectric Function for a Harmonic Oscillator Longitudinal and Transverse Normal Modes Surface Waves on a Dielectric Reflectivity of a Dielectric Half-Space The Local Field The Polarization Catastrophe and Ferroelectrics The Free Electron Gas 304
5 XII Contents Interband Transitions Excitons Dielectric Energy Losses of Electrons 315 Problems 319 Panel XI: Spectroscopy with Photons and Electrons Panel XII: Infrared Spectroscopy 324 Panel XIII: The Frustrated Total Reflection Method Semiconductors Data for a Number of Important Semiconductors Charge Carrier Density in Intrinsic Semiconductors Doping of Semiconductors Carrier Densities in Doped Semiconductors Conductivity of Semiconductors The p-n Junction The p-n Junction in Thermal Equilibrium The Biased p-n Junction - Rectification Semiconductor Heterostructures and Superlattices. 361 Problems 374 Panel XIV: The Hall Effect 376 Panel XV: Cyclotron Resonance in Semiconductors Panel XVI: Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations and the Quantum Hall Effect 380 Panel XVII: Semiconductor Epitaxy 384 References 389 Subject Index 399 Periodic Table of the Elements (Inside front cover) Table of Constants and Equivalent Values (Inside back cover)
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