Focus on the Future Automotive Research Conference
|
|
- Ellen Franklin
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Focus on the Future Automotive Research Conference Powertrain Strategies for the 21 st Century: How Are New Regulations Affecting Company Strategies? University of Michigan July 15, 2009 Dan Kapp Ford Motor Company Director - Powertrain Research & Advanced Engineering 1
2 Global Market Drivers Customer Expectations Taxation Climate Change Energy Security Competition Available Income Fuel Cost & Infrastructure Population Density & Transportation Demand Regulatory Though there are varied, and region-specific, needs, Regulatory requirements play an increasing role with respect to strategic direction. 2
3 Automotive Industry Contribution to CO 2 Emissions Global and Industry Sources Russia, 6% India, 4% Japan, 4% U.S., 21% Residential, 6% Industrial, 15% Commercial, 4% Transportation, 33% Passenger Cars, 32% Europe, 17% China, 19% Other, 29% Electricity, 42% Light-Duty Trucks, 29% Global U.S. Sectors U.S. Transportation Passenger cars and light-duty trucks contribute approximately 20% of U.S. and ~11% of global CO 2 emissions. Vehicles are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions but are not the major source. 3
4 Fuel Economy / CO 2 Regulations 250 New Fleet Car + Truck Combined Gasoline Equivalent g CO2/km CAFE Standard Combined Car/Truck California AB1493 EU Pending Legislation (95 g/km in 2020) NHTSA NPRM CAFE Combined Car/Truck (31.6 mpg in 2015) Federal CAFE Legislation (35 mpg in %) NA WRE450 ppm with Biofuel EU WRE450 ppm Model Year Aggressive CO 2 / FE regulations in Europe and the U.S. require major product portfolio actions to achieve compliance. 4
5 U.S. Fuel Economy Regulations Combined Car/Truck California AB1493 Combined Car + Truck FE (mpg) Potential One National Standard (35.5 mpg in 2016) Historical Federal Car/Truck CAFE Federal CAFE Legislation (35 mpg in %) Model Year New government requirements in the U.S. reflect a significant increase in both the level and implementation timing of the fuel economy standard. 5
6 Systems Engineering Approach Inputs Vehicle segmentation Performance targets Fuel economy targets Technologies migration for: Powertrain architecture and technology attributes (gas, diesel, fuel efficiency, torque) Vehicle system technologies Weight reduction actions Cost models Technology Migration Optimization Model A vehicle systems approach to maximizing fuel economy and minimizing cost Primary Weight Reduction Secondary Weight Reduction Aerodynamic Improvement Electrical Loads Powertrain and Driveline Efficiency Outputs Projections for: Fuel economy Performance Costs Vehicle and technology glide paths Weight reduction actions Scenario futuring Ford employs a total vehicle approach to identify cost effective solutions, combining significant weight reduction, advanced technologies, and powertrain rematching. 6
7 Technology Migration Strategy Near Term Begin migration to advanced technology Mid Term Full implementation of known technology Long Term Volume roll-out of hybrid electric technologies and alternative energy sources Near Term Mid Term Long Term Significant number of vehicles with EcoBoost technology Transmission: Dual clutch & 6- speed replace 4- and 5-speeds Increased hybrid applications Increased unibody applications Introduction of smaller cars and CUVs Electric power steering Battery management systems Aero improvement up to 5% Research and development in hybrids, bio-fuels, and fuel cells Weight reduction of lbs Engine displacement reduction aligned with weight save EcoBoost available in nearly all vehicles Increased use of hybrids as a percentage of gas engines Diesel use as market demands Additional Aero improvements up to 5% EPAS approaching 100% on light-duty vehicles Introduction of plug-in hybrids and BEV Percentage of internal combustion dependent on renewable fuels Volume expansion of Hybrid technologies Continued leverage of PHEV, BEV Introduction of fuel cell vehicles Clean electric / hydrogen fuels In the Near- and Mid-term, Ford will broaden it s portfolio application of EcoBoost and hybridization technologies. 7
8 Advanced Gasoline Technology Pathways - Near-Term NA 4V DOHC PFI Variable Cam Timing DI Homogeneous (incl. CR) Variable Valve Lift CO 2 Turbocharger & Downsizing (architecture) EcoBoost Proven capability Under devel. There is a common technology path for 4V DOHC engines that employs Twin Independent Variable Cam Timing and may incorporate Direct Injection. A significant trend will be toward boosting and downsizing as an important fuel economy and CO 2 improvement opportunity. 8
9 EcoBoost Basics: Baseline Naturally Aspirated Engine BSFC vs. 2,000 rpm BMEP vs. RPM Naturally Aspirated C BMEP [bar] BMEP [bar] A B 53 kw/l BSFC [g/kwhr] ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 rpm [1/min] Baseline: Naturally aspirated PFI engine Torque / liter is modest A Good BSFC over a small region of the map B Fuel consumption is favorable only at high loads C The following slides explain the Steps to EcoBoost : 1. Boost the engine 2. Downsize to equal power 3. Downspeed to equal vehicle top speed CAT. 9
10 EcoBoost Basics 1/3: Boosting and Direct Injection BSFC vs. 2,000 rpm BMEP vs. RPM E Naturally Aspirated Ecoboost I G BMEP [bar] BMEP [bar] F 80 kw/l 53 kw/l BSFC [g/kwhr] ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 rpm [1/min] Step 1: Boost & convert to Direct Injection Torque / liter can be nearly doubled Power / liter increased by 1/3 to 1/2 Good BSFC region of the map significantly expanded DI required to minimize compression ratio loss Higher power & torque => potential to downsize E F D G D CAT. 10
11 EcoBoost Basics 2/3: Downsizing to equal Power BSFC vs. 2,000 rpm Naturally Aspirated Ecoboost I Torque vs. RPM I 80 kw BMEP [bar] Torque [Nm] 80 J K J BSFC [g/kwhr] ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 rpm [1/min] Step 2: Downsize the engine to equal power Now look at absolute torque and power About 1/3 less displacement needed for same power Typically means using the next smaller engine family H H => lower friction & cost More torque than original engine => better performance I Region of good BSFC shifted to operating areas of higher usage Lower rated speed => potential to downspeed K J CAT. 11
12 EcoBoost Basics 3/3: Downspeeding - Top gear BSFC vs. Tractive 2,000 rpm Naturally Aspirated Ecoboost I N Tractive Force [kn] Tractive Force [kn] Tractive Force vs. Vehicle Speed M Road Load L Torque req Ecoboost PP xls BSFC [g/kwhr] Vehicle Speed [km/h] Step 3: Downspeed the engine to match the vehicle top speed Now look at tractive force vs. vehicle speed Tractive force matches original => also grade, towing Freeway fuel consumption much improved - approx. 10% M N L L CAT. 12
13 Advanced Gasoline Technology Pathways Mid-term NA 4V DOHC PFI CO 2 Variable Cam Timing DI Homogeneous (incl. CR) Turbocharger & Downsizing (architecture) Increased BMEP Advanced Boosting Knock mitigation Improved BSFC: - Cooled EGR - Miller cycle EcoBoost Next Generation Proven capability Under devel CY EcoBoost Next Generation with increased BMEP capability will enable further downsizing, as well as improve BSFC through the application of cooled EGR. Next Generation technologies can be synergistic with hybrid applications. 13
14 EcoBoost - Next Generation: Performance & Fuel Economy Benefits BSFC vs. 2,000 rpm BMEP vs. RPM Naturally Aspirated Ecoboost I Ecoboost II BMEP [bar] BMEP [bar] kw/l 80 kw/l 53 kw/l BSFC [g/kwhr] Torque req Ecoboost PP xls 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 rpm [1/min] EcoBoost - Next Generation Advanced boosting for wider torque curve Cooled EGR for improved fuel consumption Knock mitigation: full load Ethanol Cooled EGR CAT. 14
15 Advanced Gasoline Technology Pathways Long-term NA 4V DOHC PFI CO 2 Variable Cam Timing DI Homogeneous (incl. CR) Turbocharger & Downsizing (architecture) Proven capability Increased BMEP Advanced Boosting Knock mitigation Improved BSFC: - Cooled EGR - Miller cycle Under devel. EcoBoost Advanced Multi-stage Boosting Full-range Cooled EGR Max. low-load efficiency (Lean, CVVL, HCCI, ) CY CY Long-term EcoBoost solutions may include more advanced, multi-stage boost systems for higher BMEP capability over a wider range, and extended dilute combustion range. Various types of lean operation are also being investigated for improved BSFC. Increasingly stringent emissions regulations drive significant research and development efforts in both engine combustion and aftertreatment systems design. 15
16 EcoBoost Advanced: Performance & Fuel Economy Benefits TBD BSFC vs. 2,000 rpm BMEP vs. RPM Naturally Aspirated Ecoboost I Ecoboost II Ecoboost III BMEP [bar] BMEP [bar] 8 90 kw/l 80 kw/l 53 kw/l 4 4 Torque req Ecoboost PP xls BSFC [g/kwhr] ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 rpm [1/min] EcoBoost - Advanced Multi-stage boosting for wider torque curve and broad application of cooled EGR Engine de-throttling technology for part load fuel consumption Cooled EGR CAT. 16
17 Near-term: Cold start crank and run-up emissions are much more challenging in a DI engine (versus PFI). Turbocharging negatively impacts engine cold-start since it requires more heat to light off catalyst due to heat lost to the turbo system. Fuel Mixing in: a DI engine is much more complicated than PFI, over the entire speed and load operation map. boosted operation is further complicated due to the denser intake flow pushing the fuel spray away from its designated trajectory. Higher torque density operation is more prone to knock than naturally aspirated engines. Mid-term: EcoBoost & Future Technologies Challenges Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI, a.k.a Mega-knock) is: sporadic pre-ignition followed by knock observed at low-speed / high-load Transient Control of cooled EGR - in large amounts - affects combustion rate, knock and misfire. Vehicle Launch will become a greater challenge with increased down-sizing as the initial torque is naturally aspirated. Long-term: Emissions Challenges become increasingly stringent Evolution of standards driven by stoich capability 100% SULEV becomes the next level Particulates will be added to the requirements Lean aftertreatment capability also improves, but is always substantially less than stoich capability 17
18 Summary / Conclusions EcoBoost engines are now in production. They will provide significant performance and fuel economy benefits to our customers at good value. Many new technical challenges faced during development. Many lessons learned and new CAE and experimental capabilities developed along with the countermeasures which will be applied to future programs. EcoBoost Next Generation, currently under Advanced development, will provide greater performance and fuel economy benefits to our customers, but will provide challenges in transient EGR control and vehicle launch with more aggressive downsizing. Next Gen technologies can be synergistic within hybrid applications EcoBoost Advanced technologies, including multi-stage boost systems and dilute / lean combustion systems, offer potentially significant incremental fuel economy improvements. Realizing these benefits will require substantial developments in combustion and aftertreatment technology. EcoBoost will continue to be a key part of the future engine technology strategy, with significant technology growth potential. 18
19 BACKUP 19
20 Technology Compatibility Percent of Total Cycle Fuel Burned L-3V and 3.5L GTDI 6-speed AT: Cumulative Fuel over Drive Cycle Cylinder Deactivation (VDE) HCCI Lean Continuously Variable Valve Lift and Timing Nat. Aspirated Boosted Camless Valve Actuation Twin Independent VCT 3.5L GTDI EPA City 3.5L GTDI EPA Highway 3.5L GTDI US06 Decreasing benefit at higher loads Cooled EGR 5.4L EPA City 5.4L EPA Highway 5.4L US Engine BMEP (bar) Certain technologies are synergistic when combined with downsizing & boosting, especially in higher-load applications, while others offer limited incremental fuel economy benefit. 20
21 Electrification Today / 2011 Ford continues to expand electrification offerings across the portfolio. Advanced ( Next Gen ) EcoBoost engines will play a key role in optimizing hybrid applications. 21
22 Engine Technology Path Diesel Gasoline Hybrid P/T Bio-Fuels and Flex Fuel Base Engine EcoBoost Ethanol E10-E100 Butanol Ethanol Boosting PZEV Challenges Reduced Throttling VCT CVVL Dilute Combustion EGR Lean HCCI Friction Reduction Advanced Cooling Fast Warm up EcoBoost I GDI Turbo-Charged EcoBoost II Advanced Boost Cooled EGR EcoBoost III Multi-stage Boosting Un-throttled 22
International Experience and Trends: Vehicle fuel economy and CO2 measurement
International Experience and Trends: Vehicle fuel economy and CO2 measurement Stuart Rayner: National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa/Ford Motor Company: July 2013 Presentation
More informationResearch Report. Impact of Vehicle Weight Reduction on Fuel Economy for Various Vehicle Architectures
Impact of Vehicle Weight Reduction on Fuel Economy for Various Vehicle Architectures Research Report Conducted by Ricardo Inc. for The Aluminum Association 2008-04 Impact of Vehicle Weight Reduction on
More informationUS Heavy Duty Fleets - Fuel Economy
US Heavy Duty Fleets - Fuel Economy Feb. 22, 2006 Anthony Greszler Vice President Advanced Engineering VOLVO POWERTRAIN CORPORATION Drivers for FE in HD Diesel Pending oil shortage Rapid oil price increases
More informationLow sulphur fuel benefits: Vehicle fuel economy and emissions
Low sulphur fuel benefits: Vehicle fuel economy and emissions Stuart Rayner: National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa/Ford Motor Company: July 2015 Presentation sections Fuel economy
More informationAutomotive Powertrain Technologies through 2016 and 2025
Automotive Powertrain Technologies through 2016 and 2025 University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Conference. Marketing New Powertrain Technologies: Strategies in Transition February 15,
More informationAlternative Drivetrains Volkswagen Group s Solutions for Sustainable Mobility
Alternative Drivetrains Volkswagen Group s Solutions for Sustainable Mobility Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Steiger Group External Relations Future Technologies 2013-10-02 E-mobil BW Technologietag Stuttgart, Germany
More informationDaimler s Super Truck Program; 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency
Daimler s Super Truck Program; 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency 2012 Directions in Engine-Efficiency and Emissions Research (DEER) Conference Marc Allain, David Atherton, Igor Gruden, Sandeep Singh, Kevin
More informationJing Sun Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA
Automotive Powertrain Controls: Fundamentals and Frontiers Jing Sun Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA Julie Buckland Research & Advanced Engineering
More informationTransport Sector in India
Transport Sector in India Carbon Emissions: Technology Mitigation Options through 2030 Ankur Chaudhary Indian Institute of Technology Delhi GHG emissions from the Transport Worldwide: Sector 23% of all
More informationFPT FIAT POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES PRESENTS ITS ENGINE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS AT INTERMAT 2009
FPT FIAT POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES PRESENTS ITS ENGINE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS AT INTERMAT 2009 FPT Fiat Powertrain Technologies, is the Fiat Group Company dedicated to the research, development,
More informationEngine Optimization Methodologies: Tools and Strategies for Diesel Engine Design
Engine Optimization Methodologies: Tools and Strategies for Diesel Engine Design George Delagrammatikas Dennis Assanis, Zoran Filipi, Panos Papalambros, Nestor Michelena The University of Michigan May
More informationThe Next Generation Near-Zero Emission Natural Gas Vehicles
The Next Generation Near-Zero Emission Natural Gas Vehicles Jeff Reed Director of Emerging Technologies Southern California Gas Company November 29, 2011 1 2006 The Gas Company. All copyright and trademark
More informationTechnology trends and developments towards 2022-25 MidTerm Review"
Technology trends and developments towards 2022-25 MidTerm Review" Resources for the Future! Identifying Research Priorities for the Midterm Review! John German, Senior Fellow! International Council on
More informationICCT mission and activities
Global Best Practices in Fuel Efficiency Policies Anup Bandivadekar CSE Workshop on Transport and Climate 24-25 July 2013, New Delhi ICCT mission and activities The mission of ICCT is to dramatically improve
More informationApplication and Design of the ebooster from BorgWarner
Application and Design of the ebooster from BorgWarner Knowledge Library Knowledge Library Application and Design of the ebooster from BorgWarner With an electrically assisted compressor, the ebooster,
More informationLight-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2015. Executive Summary
Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2015 Executive Summary EPA-420-S-15-001 December 2015 Executive Summary IntroductIon This report is the
More informationISX15 and ISX Well Servicing Applications. ISX15 (EPA 2010) 2-3 400-600 hp (298-447 kw) ISX (EPA 2007) 4-5 400-600 hp (298-447 kw)
ISX15 and ISX Well Servicing Applications Model Pages ISX15 (EPA 2010) 2-3 400-600 hp (298-447 kw) ISX (EPA 2007) 4-5 400-600 hp (298-447 kw) Better Every Mile. ISX15 For EPA 2010. n Cooled Exhaust Gas
More informationL ingegno è motore. Alfredo Altavilla CEO
L ingegno è motore Alfredo Altavilla CEO FPT Powertrain Technologies Mission The Fiat Group company dedicated to powertrain business Technology leadership and transfer of results to product range Synergies
More informationWhy Some Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Are Not Sold Domestically
Why Some Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Are Not Sold Domestically Bill Canis Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business August 17, 2012 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress
More informationEfficiency & Reducing CO2
Technologies for Improving Truck Fuel Efficiency & Reducing CO2 Making Transportation and Goods Movement tleaner, Cleaner & Greener June 17, 2011 Sponsored by the Diesel Technology Forum Volvo Group Business
More informationK. G. Duleep President, H-D Systems Presented at the Michelin Bibendum Berlin, May 2011
K. G. Duleep President, H-D Systems Presented at the Michelin Bibendum Berlin, May 2011 Light-duty vehicles have received a lot of attention in the last 10 years and GHG reduction cost is understood. Only
More informationTHE TECHNOLOGY TO REACH 60 MPG BY 2025
THE TECHNOLOGY TO REACH 60 MPG BY 2025 Putting Fuel-Saving Technology to Work to Save Oil and Cut Pollution Increasing the fuel efficiency of new cars and trucks is a critical step towards cutting America
More informationThe Volkswagen Hybrid Strategy
The Volkswagen Hybrid Strategy - Hybrid Tour with MainFirst Bank 28 th March 2006 Dr. Tobias Böhm Volkswagen AG Sustainability Based Aspects in Mobility Energy Greenhouse Gases CO 2 Exhaust Emissions CO,NOx,HC,PM
More informationFuture directions in natural gas injection: Is CNG an alternative to gasoline or Diesel for passenger cars?
Future directions in natural gas injection: Is CNG an alternative to gasoline or Diesel for passenger cars? Jean-Francois Preuhs, Guy Hoffmann, Joachim Kiefer, Camille Feyder Bascharage, 6. November 2014
More information48V eco-hybrid Systems
48V eco-hybrid Systems Jean-Luc MATE Vice President Continental Engineering Services France President Automotech cluster www.continental-corporation.com Division Naming European Conference on Nanoelectronics
More informationStructure of this presentation
Michael Matthias Structure of this presentation The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
More informationIntroduction. Why Focus on Heavy Trucks?
Introduction Heavy-duty long-haul trucks are critical to the movement of the Nation s freight. These vehicles, which currently consume about 10 percent of the Nation s oil, are characterized by high fuel
More informationTransformation of the powertrain and implication for business strategy. Dr. Bernd Hense, Daimler AG
Transformation of the powertrain and implication for business strategy 1 The Global Challenge Limited Resources Creeping Mobility Law / Legislation 100 $/barrel 80 60 40 E.g.: Oil Price? 11/09: $78 Megacities
More informationHow To Test Aerify
A Study about Particle Filter Application on a State-of-the-Art Homogeneous Turbocharged 2L DI Gasoline Engine Dr. Ingo Mikulic, Hein Koelman, Steve Majkowski, Paul Vosejpka Dow Automotive Systems 19.
More informationSpark Ignited Natural Gas Engine Technology
Spark Ignited Natural Gas Engine Technology Clean Fleets Technology Conference Sugar Land, TX, June 2014 Jorge Gonzalez Regional Manager Agenda Corporate Overview Natural Gas Technology Evolution Products
More informationAll-new Mondeo now offers 14 powertrain combinations as part of a comprehensive four-door, five-door and wagon body-style range, including:
18-Feb-2015 Cologne Ford Delivers Power of Choice to Mondeo Customers; 14 Petrol, Diesel and Hybrid Models Now Available to Order All-new Ford Mondeo now available to order with 14 powertrain combinations
More information2 September 2015. Andaz London Liverpool Street
2 September 2015 Andaz London Liverpool Street Catalysis Speaker Pascal Reymondet Executive Vice-President Catalysis Business Group profile Catalysis Precious Metals Chemistry (PMC) Automotive Catalysts
More informationEngine Optimization Concepts for CVT-Hybrid Systems to Obtain the Best Performance and Fuel Efficiency. Professor Andrew A. Frank Univ.
Engine Optimization Concepts for CVT-Hybrid Systems to Obtain the Best Performance and Fuel Efficiency Professor Andrew A. Frank Univ. of CA-Davis Abstract: The objective of the advanced transmission system
More informationDYNAMICS AND EFFICIENCY: THE ALL NEW BMW i8 PLUG-IN-HYBRID.
Wien, 20.November 2014 DYNAMICS AND EFFICIENCY: THE ALL NEW BMW i8 PLUG-IN-HYBRID. CHRISTIAN LANDERL. IN A CHANGING WORLD, E-MOBILITY IS AN INTERESTING APPROACH. Environment Emissions and climate change
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE VALVE ACTUATION ON THE PART LOAD FUEL ECONOMY OF A MODERN LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE
--8 THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE VALVE ACTUATION ON THE PART LOAD FUEL ECONOMY OF A MODERN LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE Copyright 998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Tim Lancefield Mechadyne International
More informationPassenger car fuel-efficiency, 2020 2025
Working paper 2013-3 Passenger car fuel-efficiency, 2020 2025 Comparing stringency and technology feasibility of the Chinese and US standards Author: Hui He, Anup Bandivadekar Date: August 2013 Keywords:
More informationEngine Efficiency and Power Density: Distinguishing Limits from Limitations
Engine Efficiency and Power Density: Distinguishing Limits from Limitations Chris F. Edwards Advanced Energy Systems Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Exergy to Engines
More informationVOLKSWAGEN GROUP. Powertrain and Fuel Strategy. Oliver Schmidt. General Manager, Engineering and Environmental Office (EEO)
VOLKSWAGEN GROUP Powertrain and Fuel Strategy Oliver Schmidt General Manager, Engineering and Environmental Office (EEO) AGENDA Vision of Volkswagen Group: Global Automotive Leader 2018 Powertrain- and
More informationDiesel and gas engine systems for EURO VI on-highway applications
Diesel and gas engine systems for EURO VI on-highway applications Mercedes-Benz engines in the OM 93X and OM 47X model series. Outstanding design and efficiency. Specifically developed to comply with the
More informationAdvanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis (ALPHA) Tool User s Guide for Off-Cycle Credit Evaluation
Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis (ALPHA) Tool User s Guide for Off-Cycle Credit Evaluation Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis (ALPHA) Tool User s Guide for Off-Cycle Credit
More informationEngine Heat Transfer. Engine Heat Transfer
Engine Heat Transfer 1. Impact of heat transfer on engine operation 2. Heat transfer environment 3. Energy flow in an engine 4. Engine heat transfer Fundamentals Spark-ignition engine heat transfer Diesel
More informationR.A.Giannelli and E.Nam U.S. EPA NVFEL Ann Arbor, MI MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY DIESEL VEHICLE MODELING USING A FUEL CONSUMPTION METHODOLOGY
RAGiannelli and ENam US EPA NVFEL Ann Arbor, MI MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY DIESEL VEHICLE MODELING USING A FUEL CONSUMPTION METHODOLOGY Abstract Recent efforts of the EPA MOVES emission modeling team include
More informationContinuously variable transmission (CVT)
Continuously variable transmission (CVT) CVT CVT allows for the operation at the lowest possible speed and highest possible load, partially avoiding the low efficiency region of the engine map. A continuously
More informationOPTIMISATION OF THE 2.2 LITER HIGH SPEED DIESEL ENGINE FOR PROPOSED BHARAT STAGE 5 EMISSION NORMS IN INDIA
Ghodke, P. R., Suryawanshi, J. G.: Optimisation of the 2.2 Liter High Speed Diesel... THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2014, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 169-178 169 OPTIMISATION OF THE 2.2 LITER HIGH SPEED DIESEL ENGINE
More informationAnalysis of knocking phenomena in a high performance engine
Analysis of knocking phenomena in a high performance engine Federico Millo, Luciano Rolando 1 st GTI Italian User Conference March 18 th, 2013 Turin OUTLINE Introduction Experimental setup Results & discussion
More informationEVERY ROUTE. ISB FOR SCHOOL BUS APPLICATIONS
EVERY ROUTE. TM ISB FOR SCHOOL BUS APPLICATIONS SCHOOL BUS APPLICATIONS. The Cummins ISB is the perfect engine to power your school bus. Reliable, efficient and quiet, the ISB delivers the power you need
More informationNew Jeep Cherokee Technical specifications
New Jeep Cherokee Technical specifications Specifications are based on the latest product information available at the time of publication. All dimensions are in millimeters at curb weight and with standard
More informationHybrid Electric Powertrain Fuel Consumption Reduction Cost Effectiveness Trade-Offs
Hybrid Electric Powertrain Fuel Consumption Reduction Cost Effectiveness Trade-Offs Presentation at the 24 th USAEE/IAEE North American Conference Energy, Environment and Economics in a New Era July 8-10,
More informationFEV Parallel Mode Strategy
FEV Parallel Mode Strategy Peter Janssen MSc. Dipl.-Ing Glenn Haverkort FEV Motorentechnik As the automotive industry has to react to the global concern about climate change related to CO2 emissions and
More informationVectra Caravan 1.8 90kW/122hp 5-speed station wagon 5 doors 1
Vectra Caravan 1.8 90kW/122hp 5-speed station wagon 5 doors 1 1.8 ECOTEC front, transverse in front of axle, 7 50' forward inclined Bore (mm): 80.5 Stroke (mm): 88.2 Displacement (cc): 1796 Compression
More informationCorsa 1.0 44kW/60hp 5-speed hatchback 3 doors 1
Corsa 1.0 44kW/60hp 5-speed hatchback 3 doors 1 1.0 TWINPORT ECOTEC Cylinders, number: 3 Stroke (mm): 78.6 Displacement (cc): 998 in line; 4 main bearings multi point fuel injection, Motronic 3-way cat.
More informationPerfectly Adapted. ISB Euro 6 Diesel Engines 150-310PS. Cummins Ltd. Address Line One Address Line Two Address Line Three
Perfectly Adapted ISB Euro 6 Diesel Engines 150-310PS Cummins Ltd. Address Line One Address Line Two Address Line Three Tel: +00 0000 000000 Fax: +00 0000 000000 Internet: cummins.com Bulletin 0000000
More informationJeep Renegade Technical specifications
Jeep Renegade Technical specifications Specifications are based on the latest product information available at the time of publication. All dimensions are in millimeters at curb weight and with standard
More informationGlobal Trends in Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards
Global Trends in Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Drew Kodjak, Executive Director GFEI Fuel Economy Symposium Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Development 27 rue de la Convention, Paris
More informationImpact of altitude on the fuel consumption of a gasoline passenger car
Impact of altitude on the fuel consumption of a gasoline passenger car EFTHIMIOS ZERVAS* Department of Environmental Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Vas. Sofias 12, 671 Xanthi GREECE ezervas@env.duth.gr
More informationThe Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems in Stationary Natural Gas Engines. The Engine Manufacturers Association August 2004
www.enginemanufacturers.org Two North LaSalle Street Suite 2200 Chicago, Illinois 60602 Tel: 312/827-8700 Fax: 312/827-8737 The Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems in Stationary Natural Gas
More informationInto the Future WIth e-mobility ZF ProDuCtS For hybrid AnD electric VehICleS
Into the Future With e-mobility ZF PRODUCTS FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES Contents Electric mobility page 4 a megatrend with potential Diversity in efficiency: page 6 electrification of the driveline
More informationVolvo Cars, Plug-In Hybrid Concept Development
Volvo Cars, Plug-In Hybrid Concept Development The background of V60 Plug-In Hybrid Concept as presented internally at Volvo Car Corporation in May 2008 Klas Niste Project leader for Advanced Project for
More informationEvery. Innovation. ISG12. Global Heavy-Duty Engine 350-500 HP (361-373 kw)
Every Innovation. ISG12. Global Heavy-Duty Engine 350-500 HP (361-373 kw) Use Less, Deliver More. The G Series is Cummins latest global Heavy- Duty engine platform, with the capability to meet worldwide
More informationWelcome to IAV. We Develop Cars and Your Career. GACC Midwest Innovation Seminar October 29, 2014
Welcome to IAV We Develop Cars and Your Career GACC Midwest Innovation Seminar October 29, 2014 IAV North America Ann Arbor Office Northville Development Center IAV Group Rebranding (2011) Over 150 employees
More informationOur New MIT Report: On the Road towards 2050. John B. Heywood Sloan Automotive Laboratory, M.I.T.
Our New MIT Report: On the Road towards 2050 John B. Heywood Sloan Automotive Laboratory, M.I.T. Presentation at 11 th Concawe Symposium Brussels, February 24, 2015 Issued a Series of Reports On the Road
More informationDrive Towards Zero, Volvo Cars Manufacturing Engineering, Luc Semeese Issue date: 2010-04-20, Security Class: Propriety Page 1
Page 1 Volvo Cars Electrification Strategy DRIVe Towards Zero Brussels April 20th 2010 Luc Semeese Director - Volvo Cars Manufacturing Engineering Page 2 Company philosophy : DRIVe towards Zero! Zero accidents
More informationTechnical Service Information
Technical Service Information COMPLAINT: CAUSE: 1996-20 DEFINITIONS When a VW/Audi vehicle is exhibiting a symptom or is in fail-safe, the technician, in many cases, is unable to communicate with the on-board
More informationNHTSA and EPA Set Standards to Improve Fuel Economy and Reduce Greenhouse Gases for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks for Model Years 2017 and Beyond
NHTSA and EPA Set Standards to Improve Fuel Economy and Reduce Greenhouse Gases for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks for Model Years 2017 and Beyond The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
More informationElectronic Diesel Control EDC 16
Service. Self-Study Programme 304 Electronic Diesel Control EDC 16 Design and Function The new EDC 16 engine management system from Bosch has its debut in the V10-TDI- and R5-TDI-engines. Increasing demands
More informationMichael Bitter, Robert Bosch GmbH
Perspective on CO 2 - Penetration in CV-Market Michael Bitter, Robert Bosch GmbH 1 CO 2 Emission [g/km] Perspective on CO 2 - Penetration in CV-Market Development of average CO 2 -emission in Europe Heavy
More informationShell Eco-Marathon. Engineering Analysis Document
Shell Eco-Marathon By Abdul Alshodokhi, John Gamble, Nikolaus Glassy, and Travis Moore Team 14b Engineering Analysis Document Submitted towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for Mechanical Engineering
More informationCummins Westport, Inc. Engine Overview. March 2015
Cummins Westport, Inc. Engine Overview March 2015 Cummins Westport Inc. (CWI) A Cummins JV Company CWI was established in 2001 as a 50/50 joint venture company between Cummins Inc and Westport Innovations.
More informationC18 ACERT Fire Pump Tier 3 448 bkw/600 bhp @ 1750 rpm
CATERPILLAR ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS I-6, 4-Stroke-Cycle Diesel Bore...145.0 mm (5.71 in) Stroke...183.0 mm (7.2 in) Displacement... 18.1 L (1,104.53 in3) Aspiration...Turbocharged Aftercooled Compression
More informationGasoline engines. Diesel engines. Hybrid fuel cell vehicles. Model Predictive Control in automotive systems R. Scattolini, A.
Model Predictive Control in automotive systems R. Scattolini, A. Miotti Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Outline Gasoline engines Diesel engines Hybrid fuel cell vehicles Gasoline engines 3 System
More informationHEAVY-DUTY, REDEFINED. REDEFINED.
HEAVY-DUTY, REDEFINED. TO GET YOUR TOUGHEST JOBS DONE, you need an engine that works even harder than you do. That s why Caterpillar offers the CT13 engine for our vocational trucks. It delivers every
More informationQuestions and Answers
Fuel Economy Testing and Labeling 1. Why should I trust EPA s fuel economy values? The MPG estimates on the EPA/DOT Fuel Economy and Environment Label (or window sticker) are based on standardized laboratory
More informationCREATING POWER SOLUTIONS. 2L41C 3L41C 3L43C 4L41C 4L42C 4L43C. Hatz Diesel. www.hatz-diesel.com
CREATING POWER SOLUTIONS. 2L41C 3L41C 3L43C 4L41C 4L42C 4L43C Hatz Diesel EN www.hatz-diesel.com Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) For years already the Hatz 4L42C has been successfully fitted with a robustly
More informationREFINED ENGINE COMPONENTS
MBE 900 FIRE & EMERGENCY The Obvious Choice for commercial fire and emergency apparatus Since diesel engines were first installed in fire apparatus, Detroit Diesel has been the leader. Combining our long
More informationNatural Gas and Transportation
1 M.J. Bradley & Associates Potential for NG as a Vehicle Fuel Natural Gas and Transportation Options for Effective Resource Management Dana Lowell Senior Consultant Roundtable on Low Sulfur and Alternative
More informationAlternative drivmidler
Alternative drivmidler Hvilke muligheder er der for lastvogne og busser? Præsenteret af Steffen Müller The Volvo Group Volvo Trucks Renault Trucks Mack Trucks UD Trucks Buses Construction Equipment Volvo
More informationClear Advantage. EveryTMEngine. QSB6.7 And QSL9 (190-400 hp) Tier 4 Interim/Stage IIIB
Clear Advantage. EveryTMEngine. QSB6.7 And QSL9 (190-400 hp) Tier 4 Interim/Stage IIIB Clear Advantage. Every Engine. Your Best Solution. Every Time. With the arrival of more stringent emissions regulations,
More informationAdvanced ADEPT 48V affordable hybrid on path to meet future ultra-low vehicle emissions
29 June 2016 Advanced ADEPT 48V affordable hybrid on path to meet future ultra-low vehicle emissions Ricardo-led ADEPT programme aims to demonstrate technology capable of providing near full-hybrid equivalent
More informationThe Mazda way to improve relations between people, the automobile and the planet
New Technology [Reference exhibit] The Mazda way to improve relations between people, the automobile and the planet Mazda is committed to creating better relations between the motorized society and the
More informationElectric Coolant Pumps. Always at the Correct Temperature
Electric Coolant Pumps Always at the Correct Temperature Electric coolant pumps Conventional pumps for engine cooling are driven by toothed belts and hence their output is coupled to engine RPM. Coolant
More informationUPGRADED KIA CEE D TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (EUROPE)
UPGRADED KIA CEE D TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (EUROPE) Body and chassis Three- or five-door, five-seater C-segment hatchback, with all-steel unitary construction bodyshell. Choice of diesel and gasoline
More informationV Foro de Eficiencia Energética en el Transporte. La tecnología diésel en vehículos ligeros. Alexander Freitag System Development Diesel Systems
V Foro de Eficiencia Energética en el Transporte 1 La tecnología diésel en vehículos ligeros Alexander Freitag System Development V Foro de Eficiencia Energética en el Transporte Market & Regulatory Overview
More informationA.Pannirselvam*, M.Ramajayam, V.Gurumani, S.Arulselvan and G.Karthikeyan *(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University)
A.Pannirselvam, M.Ramajayam, V.Gurumani, S.Arulselvan, G.Karthikeyan / International Journal of Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 212, pp.19-27 Experimental Studies on the Performance and Emission Characteristics
More informationTechnical Data Valid for model year 2013. The Caddy
Technical Data Valid for model year 13 The Information on fuel consumption and O2 emissions can be found within the technical data. Not all combinations of engine, gearbox and auto body design are possible.
More informationAIR POWERED ENGINE INTRODUCTION. Pramod Kumar.J Mechanical Engineer, Bangalore, INDIAs
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2016, pp. 66 72, Article ID: IJMET_07_02_010 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=7&itype=2
More informationFuture Automotive Aftertreatment Solutions: The 150 C Challenge Workshop Report
Future Automotive Aftertreatment Solutions: The 150 C Challenge Workshop Report ACEC Low Temperature Aftertreatment Group Michael Zammit and Craig DiMaggio(Chrysler), Chang Kim(GM),Christine Lambert(Ford),
More informationPlanetary Module for Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid vehicles
Planetary Module for Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid vehicles FEV e-pgs, the one fits all solution? Shanghai, September 17 th 2015 P. Janssen MSc, FEV GmbH 1 Introduction 1487 Leonardo da Vinci Helicopter 1900
More informationFault codes DM1. Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16. Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 INSTALLATION MANUAL. 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1
Fault codes DM1 Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16 Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1 DM1...3 Abbreviations...3 Fault type identifier...3...4 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 2 DM1 DM1 Fault
More informationPrinciples of Engine Operation
Internal Combustion Engines ME 422 Yeditepe Üniversitesi Principles of Engine Operation Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay Information Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Makina Fakültesi Otomotiv Laboratuvarı
More informationCapital Market Days 2011 August 23 24
Capital Market Days 2011 August 23 24 Oerlikon Drive Systems Gary Lehman August 24, 2011 Agenda 1 Did you know? 2 Technological Leadership 3 Markets & Customers 4 Operational Excellence 5 Tactics & Financials
More informationCLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES VARIOUS TYPES OF ENGINES
CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES VARIOUS TYPES OF ENGINES CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1. Application 2. Basic Engine Design 3. Operating Cycle 4. Working Cycle 5. Valve/Port
More informationImpact of the climate change discussion on the
Investor Visit, Credit Suisse, Ingolstadt, 19 May 2009 Impact of the climate change discussion on the Dr. Guido Haak Central Functions/Processes, Product Management, AUDI AG Facts regarding CO 2 and the
More informationOregon Fuel Injection
FORD POWERSTROKE DIAGNOSTICS 1994-2003 This guide is not a substitute for the proper diagnostic manuals and a scan tool. It is intended to be used with the proper tools to help diagnose and solve drivability
More informationInternal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS)
Internal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS) Optical Engine Indication The ICOS System In-Cylinder Optical Indication 4air/fuel ratio 4exhaust gas concentration and EGR 4gas temperature 4analysis of highly
More informationON-Board Diagnostic Trouble Codes
ON-Board Diagnostic Trouble Codes The list below contains standard diagnostic trouble codes (DTC s) that are used by some manufacturers to identify vehicle problems. The codes provide below are generic
More informationŠKODA Rapid Petrol engines
ŠKODA Rapid Petrol engines Technical specifications 1.2 MPI/55 kw 1.2 TSI/63 kw 1.2 TSI/77 kw 1.6 MPI/77 kw 1.6 MPI/77 kw (A) 1.4 TSI/90 kw (A) Engine Engine type turbocharged petrol petrol engine, in-line,
More informationand fuel consumption from new cars: Assessing the near-term technology potential in the EU
www.theicct.org Briefing January 2013 Reducing CO 2 and fuel consumption from new cars: Assessing the near-term technology potential in the EU 1. Effect of the EU-CO 2 regulation The average CO 2 emissions
More informationChapters 7. Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines. Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines con t. SI vs CI Performance Comparison
Chapters 7 SI vs CI Performance Comparison Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines The CI engine cycle can be carried out in either 2 or 4 strokes of the piston, with the 4-cycle CI engine being more
More informationIntroductory Study of Variable Valve Actuation for Pneumatic Hybridization
2007-01-0288 Introductory Study of Variable Valve Actuation for Pneumatic Hybridization Copyright 2007 SAE International Sasa Trajkovic, Per Tunestål and Bengt Johansson Division of Combustion Engines,
More informationSimpósio Internacional de Engenharia Automotiva SIMEA 2008. Engine Downsizing and CO 2 Emissions Reduction
Simpósio Internacional de Engenharia Automotiva SIMEA 2008 Engine Downsizing and CO 2 Emissions Reduction Marcos Clemente Desenvolvimento Experimental e Computacional MAHLE Powertrain Brasil September
More information