Behaviourism. MLS7123 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Neo Mai
|
|
|
- Alicia Hutchinson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 + Behaviourism MLS7123 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Neo Mai
2 Background Information n Learning theories allow teachers to better understand the process of learning n Together with the use of technology, learn theories have made a significant impact in the classroom. n There are many learning paradigms: n Behaviorism n Cognitivism n Constructivism
3 + Representations of the Learning Process n Behaviorism n Stimulus-Response n Reinforced Behavior n Antecedent Behavior Consequence n Sequenced knowledge and skills presented in logical limited steps n Cognitivism n Cognitivist Learning Perspective n Information Processing n Schema n Mental Models n Constructivism n Inquiry-based n Discovery learning
4 + Learning n Any relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or experience. Changes due to growth or maturation are not learning. What does this mean?
5 + Defining Learning Meaning: (1) Learning should endure time (2) Learning involves developing new actions or modifying existing ones (3) We learn through practice (4) We learn through experiences. This view was very popular in the early part of the 20th century. Well-known behaviourist theorists: Ivan Pavlov, E. Thorndike and B.F. Skinner.
6 + Defining Learning Behavourist view: n Behavourist are people who attempt to understand and describe learning by observing a person's behaviour. n They look at the stimulus-reponse relationship. They focus on: (i) Observable behaviour (responses) (ii) Environmental events (stimuli) that precede and follow those responses. "Action speaks louder than words".
7 + Defining Learning Behavourist view: For example: n A teacher watches a boy's footwork (boy's responses) while practicing football and gives the boy a praise (a stimulus) when the boy makes the right moves. n A response that is followed by a desired stimulus (reinforcement) is more likely to occur again.
8 + Behaviorism n The theory originates from the works of Ivan Pavlov s, classical conditioning, and B. F. Skinner s, operant conditioning. n Classical Conditioning is when an unconditioned stimulus and response is manipulated with a conditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response. n Operant Conditioning is a controlled response with a reward/ punishment system according to the behavior. n The learner needs reinforcements to keep interest. n Stimuli are effective in controlling behavior. n As a result, the behaviors can be measured to record learning success.
9 + Key Principles: Behaviorism n Learning happens when a correct response is demonstrated following the presentation of a specific environmental stimulus n Emphasis is on observable and measurable behaviors
10 + What can you teach a dog, a cat, and rat?
11 + CLASSICAL CONDITIONING n People (and animals) acquire certain behaviors through classical conditioning n Learning process in which associations are made between an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus.
12 + STIMULI Something that elicits a response. n NEUTRAL STIMULUS: n Initially does not elicit a response. n UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS): n elicits a predictable response w/o training. n UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR): n automatic or natural reaction to a stimulus w/o training
13 Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov Pavlov set out to discover how learning occurred (empirical) INVOLVES LEARNING WHAT EVENTS IN ENVIRONMENT GO TOGETHER ( ) IS LEARNING OF ASSOCIATIONS LEARNED BY HAVING EVENTS PAIRED WITH ONE ANOTHER
14 Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov n Pavlov s Dogs Experiment (US) Unconditioned Stimulus - food (UR) Unconditioned Response - saliva (NS) Neutral Stimulus - bell (CS) Conditioned Stimulus - bell (CR) Conditioned Response - saliva to bell Watch classical conditioning here: v=hhqumfpxuzi
15 + John B. Watson
16 + John B. Watson Watson changed the focus of psychology from introspection, to environmentalism. The principles of learning would account for the largest share of behavioral development and are exercised almost exclusively through environmental learning opportunities provided for children. (reflected in cultural diversity & learning studies)
17 + John B. Watson He believed that environmental shaping of behavior began prenatally, and focused his studies on infants and children. He demonstrated the conditioned response in the case of Little Albert (Watson, 1925), who was exposed to an alarming noise and a rat at the same time, and developed not only a fear of rats, but transferred the fear to all furry objects.
18 + E.L. Thorndike
19 + E.L. Thorndike First scientific theory of learning- Theory of Connectionism Comprehensive analogy of human learning- Three volume work, Educational Psychology ( 1913a, 1913b, 1914 ) Initial work with animal learning in laboratory setting- cat in box experiment
20 + Thorndike s Theory of Connectionism Law of Effect If Situation + Response is followed by a positive consequence then the connection between the Situation + Response is strengthened. If Situation + Response is followed by a negative consequence then the connection between the Situation + Response is weakened.
21 + B.F. Skinner RS80DVvrg&list=PLXfgHteUJ3qrgpTS1qXOwZzBP5VMDmPl1
22
23 + Inventions Operant conditioning chamber or Skinner Boxes - rats would press on a bar to receive a food (positive reinforcement), or could be set up to give an electric shock (negative reinforcement). - pigeons would peck to receive food if a light was on, but not receive food when a light was off. Extinction of the operant behavior occurs when you stop giving the rat a food pellet as a reward for pushing the pedal. Cumulative recorder records the rate of response of the animal in the operant conditioning chamber Air Crib a crib that maintained constant temperature and humidity, easy to clean.
24 + Operant Conditioning Chambers
25 + Shaping Shaping can be used to help an animal to behave in a manner that it would never do in its ordinary daily patterns. Shaping occurs when a reward is given if the animal does a behavior that is even slightly close to the desired behavior. Then, as the animal continues to exhibit the behavior that closer and closer resembles the desired action, rewards are given. Eventually, the desired behavior will exist. (ie. Pigeons that bowl or play ping pong.)
26 Cognitivism n Information Processing looks at how information is retrieved and stored. n This theory focuses on how to store and retrieve information. n Learning is attained through rehearsal and consistent use of the information. n Retention strategies such as breaking down information and comparing the information to long term storage are great techniques.
27 + Key Principles: Cognitivism n Learning is a change of knowledge state n Knowledge acquisition is described as a mental activity that entails internal coding and structuring by the learner. n Learner is viewed as an active participant in the learning process n Emphasis is on the building blocks of knowledge (e.g. identifyng prerequisite relationships of content) n Emphasis on structuring, organising and sequencing information to facilitate optimal processing
28 + Constructivism n Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner constructs knowledge based on their past experiences. n The teacher only acts as a facilitator who encourages students to explore within a given framework n Learners may collaborate with others to organize their ideas and learn from each other to construct their own knowledge.
29 + Key Principles: Constructivism n Learners build personal interpretation of the world based on experiences and interactions n Knowledge is embedded in the context in which it is used (authentic tasks in meaningful realistic settings) n Create novel and situation-specific understandings by "assembling" knowledge from diverse sources appropriate to the problem at hand (flexible use of knowledge)
30 + Putting It All Together Learning Theory Learning Process Technology Support Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism Through positive/ negative reinforcement and punishment Rehearsing information and then storing it for long term use Constructing ones own knowledge through past experiences and group collaboration Educational software can be used to measure the students assessment Flashcards and memory games can help retain information taught in a lesson Group PowerPoint projects allow students to work together and combine their knowledge to learn
Chapter 7 Conditioning and Learning
Chapter 7 Conditioning and Learning Chapter Summary Definitions Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. A stimulus is anything that comes in through your senses.
Learning Theories 4- Behaviorism
LEARNING THEORIES - BEHAVIORISM CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER Learning Theories 4- Behaviorism LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain the principles of classical conditioning,
Programmed Learning Review
Programmed Learning Review L-HO1-121907 Take another sheet of paper and cover the answers located in the right hand column. Then read through the unit filling in the blanks as you go. After filling in
GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 LEARNING REVISION
GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 LEARNING REVISION GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING LEARNING LEARNING= Is a relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience Some behaviours are learnt, but
IMPORTANT BEHAVIOURISTIC THEORIES
IMPORTANT BEHAVIOURISTIC THEORIES BEHAVIOURISTIC THEORIES PAVLOV THORNDIKE SKINNER PAVLOV S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING I. Introduction: Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) was a Russian Physiologist who won Nobel Prize
Learning. Relatively permanent behavior change that is acquired through experience
Learning Relatively permanent behavior change that is acquired through experience Learning vs Maturation Not all behavior change is best described as learning Maturation (neuromuscular development) usually
Introduction to Learning. Chapter 1
Introduction to Learning Chapter 1 A Definition of Learning Learning is: An experiential process Resulting in a relatively permanent change Not explained by temporary states, maturation, or innate response
A BEHAVIORAL VIEW OF LEARNING
Chapter 10 Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning: The Story of Dogs and Little Albert A BEHAVIORAL VIEW OF LEARNING As you read below you may come to think that behavioral learning theories seem
Behavioural Therapy A GUIDE TO COUNSELLING THERAPIES (DVD) Published by: J & S Garrett Pty Ltd ACN 068 751 440
Behavioural Therapy A GUIDE TO COUNSELLING THERAPIES (DVD) Published by: J & S Garrett Pty Ltd ACN 068 751 440 All Case Histories in this text are presented as examples only and any comparison which might
Encyclopedia of School Psychology Conditioning: Classical And Operant
Encyclopedia of School Psychology Conditioning: Classical And Operant Contributors: Merilee McCurdy & Michelle Swanger Edited by: Steven W. Lee Book Title: Encyclopedia of School Psychology Chapter Title:
A View on Behaviorist Learning Theory. view of behaviorism assumes that all behavior is determined via the environment or how one has
A View on Behaviorist Learning Theory Introduction Behaviorism is a learning theory that emphasizes observable behavior. The most radical view of behaviorism assumes that all behavior is determined via
Today. Learning. Learning. What is Learning? The Biological Basis. Hebbian Learning in Neurons
Today Learning What is Learning? Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Intro Psychology Georgia Tech Instructor: Dr. Bruce Walker What is Learning? Depends on your purpose and perspective Could be
GCSE Psychology Learning
GCSE Psychology Learning Student: Tutor: Unit 2: Understanding other people 1 Learning What is classical conditioning? What do we mean when we say we have learnt something? Read the statements below and
Outline. General Psychology PSYC 200. Definition. Habituation. Habituation. Classical Conditioning 3/17/2015. Learning
/17/015 General Psychology PSYC 00 Outline 0) Definition of Learning 1) Habituation ) Classical Conditioning ) Operant Conditioning Learning Definition Learning = change in behavior or thought as a result
A. Learning Process through which experience causes permanent change in knowledge or behavior.
Woolfolk, A. (2010). Chapter 6: Behavioral Views of Learning. In A. Woolfook (Ed.), Educational psychology (11th ed.). Columbus, OH: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. This chapter begins by defining learning and
Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning
Psychology Behavior 01 Notes Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning Behaviorism is essentially the study of how we learn. Humans are different from many animals in that we possess very little instinct, or
Okami Study Guide: Chapter 7
1 Chapter in Review 1. Learning is difficult to define, but most psychologists would agree that: In learning the organism acquires some new knowledge or behavior as a result of experience; learning can
HONORS PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW QUESTIONS
HONORS PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW QUESTIONS The purpose of these review questions is to help you assess your grasp of the facts and definitions covered in your textbook. Knowing facts and definitions is necessary
Behaviorism & Education
Behaviorism & Education Early Psychology (the use of nonobjective methods such as Introspection) Learning = behavior change movement toward objective methods Behaviorism Pavlov, Skinner (Focus on Sà R)
Learning from Experience. Definition of Learning. Psychological definition. Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
Learning from Experience Overview Understanding Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Definition of Learning Permanent change Change in behavior or knowledge Learning
Behavioral Principles. S-R Learning. Pavlov & Classical Conditioning 12/2/2009
Behavioral Principles S-R Learning Classical conditioning The most basic form of learning; one stimulus comes to serve as a signal for the occurrence of a second stimulus (the response) Stimulus a physical
Educational Psychology (EDP304) Comprehensive Course Review
Educational Psychology (EDP304) Comprehensive Course Review Research Methods 1. The discipline or field that studies learners, learning and teaching is? 2. Explain the difference between external and internal
Psychology with Mr. Duez UNIT 3 "Learning" LEARNING TARGETS
Psychology with Mr. Duez UNIT 3 "Learning" LEARNING TARGETS If you learn only 6 things from this chapter... 1. Learning refers to a relatively permanent change in behavior based on experience. 2. Classical
Chapter 5: Learning I. Introduction: What Is Learning? learning Conditioning II. Classical Conditioning: Associating Stimuli Ivan Pavlov
Chapter 5: Learning I. Introduction: What Is Learning? A. Psychologists define learning as a process that produces a relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of an individual s experience.
How do we Learn? How do you know you ve learned something? CLASS OBJECTIVES: What is learning? What is Classical Conditioning? Chapter 6 Learning
How do we Learn? Chapter 6 Learning CLASS OBJECTIVES: What is learning? What is Classical Conditioning? How do you know you ve learned something? 1 Can our beliefs and attitudes be a result of learning??
Classical Conditioning
Chapter 5 Learning Classical Conditioning Learning relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Behaviorism emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role of the environment as determinant
LEARNING THEORIES Ausubel's Learning Theory
LEARNING THEORIES Ausubel's Learning Theory David Paul Ausubel was an American psychologist whose most significant contribution to the fields of educational psychology, cognitive science, and science education.
Final Exam Review for EDP304 Prague
Final Exam Review for EDP304 Prague Types of Instruction 1. The term used to describe lessons in which the teacher provides information directly to students, structuring class time to reach a clearly defined
Chapter 15. Historical Perspective. How the world creates who you are: behaviorism and social learning theory
Chapter 15 How the world creates who you are: behaviorism and social learning theory Learning 2 stimuli events, things, or people repeatedly experienced together will eventually come to elicit the same
UNIT 6: LEARNING. 6. When the US is presented prior to a neutral stimulus, conditioning DOES NOT (does/does not) occur.
UNIT 6: LEARNING HOW DO WE LEARN? OBJECTIVE 1: Define learning, and identify two forms of learning. 1. A relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience is called LEARNING. 2. More
Learning. Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. Permanent Experience Practice
Learning Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice Permanent Experience Practice Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Russian Physiologist Father= Village Priest Father-in-law=
Learning: Classical Conditioning
How Do We Learn? Learning Learning: Classical Conditioning Chapter 7 One way is through Classical Conditioning Pavlov s Experiments Extending Pavlov s Understanding Pavlov s Legacy Psy 12000.003 1 2 Definition
Chapter 7. Behavioral Learning Theory: Operant Conditioning
Chapter 7 Behavioral Learning Theory: Operant Conditioning Overview Operant Conditioning Educational Applications of Operant Conditioning Principles Using Computer-Based Instruction in Your Classroom Copyright
LEARNING. Chapter 6 (Bernstein), pages 194-229
LEARNING Chapter 6 (Bernstein), pages 194-229 What is LEARNING? LEARNING is the adaptive process through which experience modifies preexisting behavior and understanding; relatively permanent change in
Classical Conditioning. Classical and Operant Conditioning. Basic effect. Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning Classical and Operant Conditioning January 16, 2001 Reminder of Basic Effect What makes for effective conditioning? How does classical conditioning work? Classical Conditioning Reflex-basic
Operant Conditioning. Skinner and Thorndike
Operant Conditioning Skinner and Thorndike Operant Conditioning Organisms learn to do things, or not to do things, because of the consequences of their behavior Example: Avoid M&M s because they made you
Heather Maurin, MA, EdS, PPS, LEP, BICM School Psychologist-Stockton Unified School District THE ABC S OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
Heather Maurin, MA, EdS, PPS, LEP, BICM School Psychologist-Stockton Unified School District THE ABC S OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS WHAT IS BEHAVIOR Every behavior has a purpose. There is no behavior that
A Study in Learning Styles of Construction Management Students. Amit Bandyopadhyay, Ph.D., PE, F.ASCE State University of New York -FSC
A Study in Learning Styles of Construction Management Students Amit Bandyopadhyay, Ph.D., PE, F.ASCE State University of New York -FSC Abstract Students take in and process information in different ways.
Emerging Theories of Learning and Preservice Teachers
Emerging Theories of Learning and Preservice Teachers Demetria L. Ennis-Cole, Ph.D., Associate Professor Technology & Cognition, College of Education University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311337 Denton,
Empirical Background for Skinner s Basic Arguments Regarding Selection by Consequences
Empirical Background for Skinner s Basic Arguments Regarding Selection by Consequences Iver Iversen University of North Florida, Jacksonville Presentation at NAFO, April 2016 Gol, Norway Skinner was Controvercial
Section 2 - Behavior Modification Section 2.2 - Reinforcement
Section 2 - Behavior Modification Section 2.2 - Reinforcement Positive versus Negative Reinforcement Wiki - reinforcement is an increase in the strength [or frequency] of a response following the change
Chapter 5. Learning. Outline
Chapter 5 Learning Outline I. What Is Learning? A. Learning is demonstrated by a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as the result of practice or experience. 1. Learning cannot be observed
Schema Theory of Learning
Schema Theory of Learning Learning Goals Understand the concept of a schema and how they influence perception. Understand how schemas relate to instructional practices. 1 Memory Memories tend to include
Teaching Toolkit. How Students Learn 1
Teaching Toolkit How Students Learn 1 Author: Paul Surgenor Email: paul.surgenor@ucd.ie Date: January 2010 Learning Theories An Overview Defining learning Learning is a latent construct & everyone has
Chapter 3 Behavioral Approach and Multimedia-Learning Environments
Chapter 3 Behavioral Approach and Multimedia-Learning Environments The behavioral approach to learning and development, which has for the most part dominated the psychology of curriculum design and educational
Chapter 12: Observational Learning. Lecture Outline
Chapter 12: Observational Learning Lecture Outline Observational learning Observational learning in Classical conditioning Observational learning in operant conditioning Observational learning in animals
7/17/2014. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy Overview. Applied Behavior Analysis Therapy. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Applied Behavior Analysis Therapy Continuum Autism Spectrum Alliance Presented: Tram Chum Newcomb B.A. ABA Program Coordinator and Junior Consultant www.autismspectrumalliance.com Applied Behavior Analysis
Social Forces Human Development Learning and Learning Styles
Social Forces Human Development Learning and Learning Styles Change in individual s knowledge or behavior that results from experience Types of learning Behavioral Cognitive Emphasize observable changes
Operant Conditioning. PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers. Module 22
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, 2007 1 Operant Conditioning Module 22 2 Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning
Chapter 1: Educational Psychology - A Foundation for Teaching. 1. Define educational psychology and state its main purpose.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Educational Psychology - Slavin, Ninth Edition Psychology 207 Mr. Conjar Chapter 1: Educational Psychology - A Foundation for Teaching 1. Define educational psychology and state its
Learning. Chapter 5. How have you used reinforcement to modify your own behavior or the behavior of others? Video 00:00 / 02:28
Chapter 5 Learning Yoshiko s first-grade teacher started a reading contest. For every book read, a child would get a gold star on the reading chart, and at the end of one month the child with the most
Learning Theories Taught in EDFL 2240: Educational Psychology. Behavioral Learning Theories (Learning is defined as a change in behavior)
Learning Theories Taught in EDFL 2240: Educational Psychology Behavioral Learning Theories (Learning is defined as a change in behavior) Pavlov & Watson s Classical (Reflexive) Conditioning Definition:
SECOND LANGUAGE THEORIES
SECOND LANGUAGE THEORIES BEHAVIORIST THEORIES (INCLUDING THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS HYPOTHESIS) Behaviorists: Pavlov, Skinner, and Bruner Definition: It is the theory saying human and animal learning are
9/14/2015. Innate behavior. Innate behavior. Stimuli that trigger innate behaviors are called releasers.
& & has a fixed, genetic component. Despite differing environments, the behavior develops in all individuals. Learned behavior is acquired and modified over development. s can be triggered or enhanced
Behaviorism: Laws of the Observable
Behaviorism: Laws of the Observable The Backdrop to Watson: Functionalism at the Univ. of Chicago John Dewey, like James, was influenced by both Peirce and Darwin Moved to the University of Chicago in
Content / Topic Teaching / Learning Activity Duration Assessment Resources
Name of Unit Psychology Unit 4 Area of Study Learning Sample out line Learning Outcomes Area of Study 1: Learning Outcome 1 On completion of this unit, the student should be able to explain the neural
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Stages Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development Kay C. Wood, Harlan Smith, Daurice Grossniklaus Department of Educational Psychology and Instructional Technology, University of Georgia Contents
Jean Piaget: Cognitive Theorist 1. Theorists from centuries ago have provided support and research about the growth of
Jean Piaget: Cognitive Theorist 1 Theorists from centuries ago have provided support and research about the growth of children in many different developmental areas. Theorists have played and still play
Classical vs. Operant Conditioning
Classical vs. Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning (R S RF ) A voluntary response (R) is followed by a reinforcing stimulus (S RF ) The voluntary response is more likely to be emitted by the organism.
psychology the science of psychology CHAPTER third edition Psychology, Third Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli J. Noland White
psychology third edition CHAPTER 1 the science of psychology Learning Objectives LO 1.1 Definition and Goals of Psychology LO 1.2 Structuralism and Functionalism LO 1.3 Early Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, and
Psychology Ciccarelli and White
1 Psychology Ciccarelli and White What is Learning? -Any relatively permanent change in behavior based on experience or practice Chapter Five: Learning -Learning is not maturation. Maturation is change
Image Source: Markstivers.com
Classical Conditioning Image Source: Markstivers.com What is Learning? Relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Behaviorism Types of Learning Classical Conditioning Operant
Behavior Analysis: A Science of Behavior. Created by: Division 25, J. Miller, D. Reed, B. Kaplan, & J. Hirst
Behavior Analysis: A Science of Behavior Created by: Division 25, J. Miller, D. Reed, B. Kaplan, & J. Hirst For more information, visit: Division 25 @ http://www.auburn.edu/~newlamc/apa_div25/ Behavior
Behavior Analysis and Strategy Application after Brain Injury: Addressing the long-term behavioral outcomes of brain injury
Behavior Analysis and Strategy Application after Brain Injury: Addressing the long-term behavioral outcomes of brain injury Chris M. Schaub, MS Ed., BCBA Christina M. Peters, MS Ed., CBIS Stephanie A.
Theories for Child Development: What are they and why should you care? Lifespan Developmental Theory
Theories for Child Development: What are they and why should you care? Wednesday, August 24 th, 2005 Covering: Lifespan Developmental Theory, Psychoanalytic Theory, Erikson, Behavioral and Social Learning,
What Teachers Need to Know About Learning
BORICP04.doc - 1 Part II What Teachers Need to Know About Learning Chapter 4 The Behavioral Science Approach to Learning Chapter 5 Cognitive Learning I: Understanding Effective Thinking Chapter 6 Chapter
AP Psychology 2008-2009 Academic Year
AP Psychology 2008-2009 Academic Year Course Description: The College Board Advanced Placement Program describes Advanced Placement Psychology as a course that is designed to introduce students to the
PSYC2011 Exam Notes. Instrumental conditioning
PSYC2011 Exam Notes Instrumental conditioning Also called operant conditioning Response learning - Stimulus -> Response -> Outcome - Learning about the consequences of your actions, behaviour change Distinct
Operant Conditioning: An Overview
Operant Conditioning: An Overview Classical, or Pavlovian, conditioning is a process by which new emotional and glandular reactions develop in response to previously neutral stimuli in the environment.
Evolutionary Perspective: Wrap Up
Psych 305A: Lecture 18 Evolutionary Approach Wrap Up The Cognitive Approach Part I Learning and Behaviorism 1 Evolutionary Perspective: Wrap Up 2 1 Importance of Good Financial Prospect When Selecting
Learning Theory and Instructional Design
Learning Theory and Instructional Design Gregory McLeod Introduction Designing effective instruction goes beyond systematically executing various steps within an instructional design model. Among a host
Theories of Learning and Student Development
VOLUME 22, NUMBER 3, 2012 Theories of Learning and Student Development Jose Victor Lineros, MBA Doctoral Candidate Higher Education Leadership Department of Educational Leadership College of Education
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN: A Comparison of Models Instructional Design Spring Semester 2012 MEDT-7461-N01
Instructional Design Spring Semester MEDT-7461-N01 Heather North 3/20/ Instructional Design has many definitions. Although each model is different, they all incorporate student centered components that
Research Basis for Catchup Math
Research Basis for Catchup Math Robert S. Ryan, Ph. D. Associate Professor of Cognitive Psychology Kutztown University Preface Kutztown University is a 4 year undergraduate university that is one of 14
Chapter 5. Chapter 5 Lectures Outline
Chapter 5 Finishing up Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes & Practical Applications Chapter 5 Lectures Outline Underlying processes in Pavlovian conditioning S-R vs. S-S learning Stimulus-substitution
Learning UNIT 6 UNIT PREVIEW UNIT GUIDE
UNIT 6 Learning UNIT PREVIEW Learning helps us adapt to our environment. Pavlov explored classical conditioning, in which we learn to anticipate events, such as being fed or experiencing pain. In his famous
ABA. History of ABA. Interventions 8/24/2011. Late 1800 s and Early 1900 s. Mentalistic Approachs
ABA Is an extension of Experimental Analysis of Behavior to applied settings Is not the same as modification Uses cognition in its approach Focuses on clinically or socially relevant s Is used in many
LEARNING THEORIES: INSIGHT INTO THE MOVE TOWARDS OUTCOMES BASED EDUCATION SESSION OUTCOMES:
LEARNING THEORIES: INSIGHT INTO THE MOVE TOWARDS OUTCOMES BASED EDUCATION SESSION OUTCOMES: Participants will discuss and define the concepts of Learning, Knowledge and Teaching. Participants will demonstrate
A Brief Explanation of Applied Behavior Analysis. conditioning to identify the contingencies affecting a student s behavior and the functions of the
A Brief Explanation of Applied Behavior Analysis Applied Behavior Analysis is the procedure for using the principles of operant conditioning to identify the contingencies affecting a student s behavior
History/Approaches. 1. A cognitive psychologist would likely be most interested in
History/Approaches 1. A cognitive psychologist would likely be most interested in (A). concentration of neutral transmitters in the spinal cord (B). unconditional positive regard in the therapeutic setting
EDUC 2112 Foundations of Education
Chapter 11: Educational Theory in American Schools: Philosophy in Action Philosophy Provides the Foundation for Educational Theories Dr. Stewart EDUC 2112 Foundations of Education Fall 2006 EDUC 2112 Foundations
Okami Study Guide: Chapter 7
1 Chapter Test 1. Knowing how to do something, like drive a car or play a sport, is referred to as a. explicit knowledge b. behavioral knowledge c. procedural knowledge d. implicit knowledge 2. All of
Module - 6 CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Module - 6 CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Sangeeta Sahney Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India Email. sahney@vgsom.iitkgp.emit.in Joint Initiative IITs and IISc Funded by MHRD - 1 -
TWO - FACTOR THEORY OF LEARNING: APPLICATION TO MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
School and Health 21, 2010, Health Education: Contexts and Inspiration TWO - FACTOR THEORY OF LEARNING: APPLICATION TO MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR Michaella BUCK Abstract: Two-factor theory of avoidance remains
What is Psychology? A set of questions about mental functioning trace back to philosophy Aristotle asked about memory, personality, emotions, etc.
What is? The science of behavior and the mind behavior - observable actions of a person or animal mind - thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions, memories, dreams, motives and other subjective experiences
Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.
Content Outline Lesson 1 Attributes of Learning and Classical Conditioning I. Attributes of learning Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.
Applied Behavior Analysis. Session 1: Course overview and basic concepts
Applied Behavior Analysis Session 1: Course overview and basic concepts My background Special Ed teacher in Victoria Special Ed teacher in junior vocational high schools in Canada BEd, MSc University of
Assumptions of Instructional Systems Design
Assumptions of Instructional Systems Design 1 The ISD Model Design Analysis Development Evaluation Implementation 2 ISD is Empirical Science 4 In its classical sense, ISD is a systematic method for designing
As a teacher or a trainer, you must have taught, conducted or attended a
Instructional Design for Multimedia 5 As a teacher or a trainer, you must have taught, conducted or attended a number of classes or training sessions. You would have noticed that some classes were well
Classical Conditioning
OpenStax-CNX module: m49048 1 Classical Conditioning OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 By the end of this section, you
Historical Reflection on Learning Theories and Instructional Design. Vianna Madrid. Cognition and Development EPSY 6304.
Vianna Madrid Cognition and Development EPSY 6304 June 18, 2015 Instructor: Alejandro Garcia Synopsis The article titled Historical Reflection on Learning Theories and Instructional Design published on
Role of Learning Theories in Training While Training the Trainers
Role of Learning Theories in Training While Training the Trainers Abstract Arshad Ahmad Researcher, Management department, college of business administration King Saud University, KSA Email: aarshad@ksu.edu.sa,
Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne)
Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne) http://tip.psychology.org/gagne.html Overview: This theory stipulates that there are several different types or levels of learning. The significance of these classifications
Psychological Models of Abnormality
Several Different Models Psychological Models of Abnormality Psychoanalytic Models Learning Models Cognitive Models Psychology 311 Abnormal Psychology Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides
Is the stimulus/response something that was learned or something that occurs naturally, by instinct?
Chapter 5: Learning: Classical Conditioning Notes & Exercises Many students get confused with the terms of classical conditioning. There are four major components to this type of learning: unconditioned
Instructional Design. Educating Today s Students for Tomorrow. Susan Owens MS OTR
Instructional Design Educating Today s Students for Tomorrow Susan Owens MS OTR Instructional Design Instructional Design is the systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and
Instructional Design: A Postcard View. Brian Querry EDTECH 503 Spring 2011
Instructional Design: A Postcard View Brian Querry EDTECH 503 Spring 2011 List of Postcards SLIDES CONTENT 3-4 The History of Instructional Design 5-6 Definition of "Instructional Design" 7-8 Systematic
Theories of learning and curriculum design Key positionalities and their relationships
Theories of learning and curriculum design Key positionalities and their relationships Tony Cunningham, Julie Gannon, Mary Kavanagh, John Greene, Louise Reddy, Laurence Whitson Foreword One of the challenges
The Application of Applied Behavior Analysis in the Special Education Classroom
The Application of Applied Behavior Analysis in the Special Education Classroom Tonight s Agenda Review course requirements Discuss foundational principles and history of ABA SPC ED 519 Spring 2015 Professor:
Relational Frame Theory
Relational Frame Theory Basic concepts and clinical implications Cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBT) A psychological treatment which is based on talking but that lacks a scientific theory of this