5 th Grade FCAT Science Review

Transcription

1 5 th Grade FT Science Review irections: ircle or write the best answer for each question. 1On the Fourth of July, Molly's family watched fireworks at the park. What are two main forms of energy released by exploding fireworks? electrical and mechanical sound and light thermal and nuclear mechanical and chemical 2. Kevin and Tony are loading a carton into a van. The carton is too heavy to lift. They decide to use a ramp to help get the job done. ramp is a simple machine called an inclined plane. It is made of a flat surface with one end higher than the other. Explain how an inclined plane can make work easier. It requires less force over a longer distance. It only works with cars. It requires more force over a shorter distance. It increases the speed of motion

2 3. dam and his friends are playing marbles. Near the end of the game, there is one gray marble in the center of the circle. The gray marble is not moving. dam shoots a white marble into the circle and hits the gray marble. The marbles make a clinking sound as they hit. dam s white marble stops, but the gray marble rolls a little further. escribe the forces that make the marbles roll. Explain your answer. 4. Teresa knows that there are day and night at most places on Earth in a 24 hour period. What causes day and night? Earth s rotation on its axis The phases of the Moon Earth s distance from the Sun Earth s orbit of the Sun 5. Peter visited a zoo. While looking at the snakes in the reptile house, he realized they reminded him of the fish in his aquarium at home. How are the fish and reptiles similar? They are amphibians. They have scales. They are invertebrates. They belong to the plant kingdom

3 6. Each living thing in a food chain plays a role in the flow of energy in an ecosystem. elow is a picture of a simple food chain. The Sun helps the grass grow. The grasshopper eats the grass. The toad eats the grasshopper. The snake eats the toad. sunlight grass grasshopper toad snake In the food chain above, which living thing receives the least amount of energy? the grass the grasshopper the toad the snake 7. Kathy and Nita decided to do a science experiment to find out the effect of a fertilizer on plants. They each took a plant and added fertilizer to the soil. Kathy put her plant in a place with sunlight and Nita put her plant in the dark. When Nita s plant died, they concluded that the fertilizer was bad for plants. Their results are invalid. How could Nita and Kathy improve their experiments to get valid results? Explain your answer.

4 8. fter studying the water cycle, avid drew the illustration shown below. Identify which process arrow #2 represents. evaporation sublimation precipitation condensation 9. Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to make sugar for food. f What do plants need to make food and oxygen? air, leaves, soil, and roots sunlight, soil, and clouds sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen

5 Write to answer the following question: Most of Earth s surface is covered with water, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater. bout 75% of the surface fresh water on Earth is frozen into ice. ir always has water vapor in it. Rain and melted snow soak into the ground and become groundwater. ir is a thick blanket of a mixture of gases that covers Earth. ir pressure decreases as you go higher into the atmosphere, because gas particles in the air get farther apart. Winds move masses of air over Earth s surface. They carry storms and other kinds of weather with them. People use instruments to collect information about weather. They use this data to make forecasts. limate is the pattern of weather conditions in an area over a long period of time. Earth is separated into layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is made of several plates that float on the mantle. The movements of these plates cause earthquakes and many volcanoes. The surface of the Earth is constantly changing. Rocks break into smaller pieces through the process of weathering. Erosion is the process of water, wind, or ice moving weathered materials. When materials are deposited they make new landforms. Rocks have different properties depending on how they were formed and the minerals they contain. Resources are things we get from the Earth that meet our needs. Renewable resources can be replaced. Moving water, sunlight, and wind are renewable sources of energy. Mineral resources are nonrenewable. There is a limited amount of these resources on Earth. It is important to conserve our resources so that we will have them to use in the future. We can conserve resources by using less, reusing products, and recycling materials. Use What You Know To write your answer to each question, you need to read the passage and the test question carefully. Write your answers in complete sentences. Then read your answer to make sure it is complete, correct, and focused. 1. What is the source of groundwater? 2. How and why does air pressure change as you go higher in the atmosphere? 3. What is climate? 4. How does the surface of the Earth change? 5. What is the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource?

6 The Sun is a star at the center of the solar system. Its gravity holds all the planets in their orbits. Like most stars, the Sun is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. Planets and other objects orbit the Sun. The inner planets are made mostly of rock. Most outer planets are almost entirely spheres of gases. The largest planets have many satellites. These objects include moons and particles in the rings that surround them. The smaller planets have one or two satellites, or none at all. wide variety of stars are in the universe, very far from the solar system. The biggest stars are called supergiants. The smallest are called dwarfs. Stars come in a variety of colors and temperatures. They give off many kinds of radiation that are not visible to our eyes. stronomers depend on technology to study stars. y using special tools, they can record, focus, magnify, and analyze the light and other radiation that distant stars give off. 1. What is found at the center of our solar system? a planet an asteroid a comet a star 2. Which of the following statements about planets is NOT true? Every planet has many satellites Inner planets are made mostly of rock. Some planets are made mostly of gas. The Moon is a satellite of the Earth.

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