PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MAJOR BODY SYSTEMS AND HOW THESE SYSTEMS RESPOND TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY...

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1 Table of Contents DOMAIN I. COMPETENCY 1.0 PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MAJOR BODY SYSTEMS AND HOW THESE SYSTEMS RESPOND TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY...1 Skill 1.1 Skill 1.2 Skill 1.3 Describe the general structure and components of the major body systems and their functions...1 Analyze how body systems produce movement and adapt to Physical activity and fitness...11 Identify physiological changes that result from regular physical activity and the relationship between physical activity and health...12 COMPETENCY 2.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF LIFELONG PHYSICAL ACTIVITY...13 Skill 2.1 Skill 2.2 Skill 2.3 Skill 2.4 Skill 2.5 Skill 2.6 Distinguish among basic components of health-related physical fitness...13 Relate appropriate types of activities to specific purposes and components of fitness...13 Compare and contrast basic principles of physical conditioning and training and types of training approaches and conditioning programs...15 Apply appropriate guidelines and procedures for exercises and vigorous physical activity (e.g., warm-ups)...18 Identify strategies and activities for integrating fitness principles and concepts into everyday physical activity experiences...19 Recognize the importance of developing physically educated individuals and the benefits of a physically active lifestyle...21 ii

2 COMPETENCY 3.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND ACTIVITIES FOR PROMOTING HEALTH-RELATED CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS...23 Skill 3.1 Skill 3.2 Skill 3.3 Skill 3.4 Skill 3.5 Recognize principles, skills, and physiological processes involved in developing aerobic endurance, including use of submaximal Intensity activities...23 Demonstrate an understanding of techniques and resources, including technology for monitoring intensity, duration, and endurance levels during aerobic activities...24 Apply techniques for promoting student self-assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness...25 Select appropriate cardiorespiratory fitness and recreational activities for various developmental levels and purposes...26 Identify strategies and activities for integrating cardiorespiratory fitness and recreational activities into daily life...27 iii

3 COMPETENCY 4.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND ACTIVITIES FOR PROMOTING HEALTH-RELATED MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE...28 Skill 4.1 Skill 4.2 Skill 4.3 Skill 4.4 Skill 4.5 Skill 4.6 Identify principles, skills, exercises, and proper form for promoting strength and endurance of the muscles for the abdomen, lower back, upper body, and legs...28 Recognize types of progressive-resistance exercises and appropriate practices and considerations for progressive-resistance exercise...41 Describe techniques and procedures for evaluating muscular strength and endurance and determining appropriate levels of intensity, duration, and frequency of training to improve muscular strength and endurance...43 Evaluate safety and effectiveness of various strengthening exercises and types of strength training...44 Select appropriate muscular strength and endurance activities for various developmental levels and purposes...44 Recognize the benefits of regular participation in muscular strength and endurance activities and strategies for integrating strength and endurance activities into daily life...45 iv

4 COMPETENCY 5.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND ACTIVITIES FOR PROMOTING HEALTH-RELATED FLEXIBILITY...46 Skill 5.1 Skill 5.2 Skill 5.3 Skill 5.4 Skill 5.5 Skill 5.6 Describe the functions of components of flexibility and procedures for evaluating flexibility...46 Identify principles, safety practices, and proper form for exercises that promote flexibility of the major joints and areas of the body...47 Analyze principles and techniques for developing proper posture and efficient body mechanics (e.g., for lifting and carrying)...48 Distinguish among types of stretching and flexibility training approaches and selecting appropriate flexibility activities for various developmental levels and purposes...49 Evaluate the safety and effectiveness of various exercises and various types of flexibility training...50 Recognize the benefits of regular participation in flexibility activities and strategies for integrating flexibility activities into daily life...51 COMPETENCY 6.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND ACTIVITIES FOR DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING LEVELS OF BODY COMPOSITION THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH...52 Skill 6.1 Skill 6.2 Skill 6.3 Skill 6.4 Skill 6.5 Skill 6.6 Identify basic principles of nutrition and body composition management and ways in which diet and eating habits may affect physical development and health...52 Recognize potential risk factors and signs and symptoms of eating disorders...54 Analyze the relationships between and among diet, physical activity, eating habits, and body composition...56 Recognize and distinguish between principles, techniques, and resources for evaluating body composition...56 Analyze procedures, activities, resources, and benefits involved in developing and maintaining healthy levels of body composition...57 Recognize strategies for integrating healthy eating patterns and effective body composition management practices into daily life...58 v

5 COMPETENCY 7.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES FOR DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING INDIVIDUALIZED FITNESS AND WELLNESS PLANS...59 Skill 7.1 Skill 7.2 Skill 7.3 Skill 7.4 Skill 7.5 Skill 7.6 Recognize expected developmental progression, ranges of individual variation, and levels of readiness for fitness activities...59 Use appropriate strategies, instruments, and technology to assess, monitor, and provide feedback about personal fitness levels Recognize lifestyle factors that affect health and strategies for evaluating personal health risk factors and individual health, fitness, and nutritional needs...61 Identify principles and techniques for designing and implementing individualized fitness and wellness plans...63 Identify techniques for self-assessment, goal-setting, and monitoring skills in relation to physical activity and health-related lifestyle decisions...63 Apply strategies for promoting understanding of physical fitness and wellness concepts through the development of individualized fitness and wellness plans...65 vi

6 DOMAIN II. COMPETENCY 8.0 LIFELONG MOVEMENT ACTIVITIES AND SPORTS APPLY PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICS TO MOVEMENT ACTIVITIES...66 Skill 8.1 Skill 8.2 Identify movement elements related to time, space, and force...66 Identify movement concepts related to body awareness, space awareness, and effort...66 Skill 8.3 Relate biomechanical principles to various movement activities...67 Skill 8.4 Skill 8.5 Skill 8.6 Apply movement concepts and biomechanical principles to enhance performance of motor skills...69 Recognize techniques for promoting students analysis of their own movement skills and strategies in the context of physical activities...76 Recognize how competence in movement forms and skills contributes to daily living tasks and participation in a variety of recreational and competitive physical activities...76 vii

7 COMPETENCY 9.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTOR DEVELOPMENT...78 Skill 9.1 Skill 9.2 Skill 9.3 Skill 9.4 Skill 9.5 Skill 9.6 Identify critical elements and appropriate sequencing of basic motor skills...78 Identify principles and components of perceptual-motor development, such as body awareness and visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic discrimination and their relationship to motor performance...79 Analyze the relationship of motor development to physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development...80 Analyze the influence of societal, psychological, environmental, cultural, economic, familial, and health factors on motor development and fitness...81 Recognize elements and characteristics of immature and mature motor patterns as they relate to a variety of activities, games, and sports...82 Recognize appropriate techniques for detecting errors in motor performance and providing positive corrective feedback...83 COMPETENCY 10.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES, ACTIVITIES, AND TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR SKILLS...85 Skill 10.1 Recognize principles and stages of motor learning...85 Skill 10.2 Skill 10.3 Skill 10.4 Skill 10.5 Recognize characteristics and elements of locomotor skills nonlocomotor skills, rhythmic skills, and manipulative skills...86 Demonstrate knowledge of techniques, equipment, and activities designed to develop motor skills...88 Demonstrating knowledge of concepts such as practice, feedback, self assessment, observational learning, skill analysis, and extension as they relate to motor skill acquisition...89 Recognize appropriate practice opportunities and game like conditions based on expected progress and individual variations and levels of readiness...90 viii

8 COMPETENCY 11.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND ACTIVITIES FOR DEVELOPING, COMBINING, AND INTEGRATING LOCOMOTOR, NONLOCOMOTOR, RHYTHMIC, AND MANIPULATIVE SKILLS IN COMPLEX MOVEMENT ACTIVITIES...92 Skill 11.1 Skill 11.2 Skill 11.3 Skill 11.4 Skill 11.5 Skill 11.6 Apply principles and techniques for combining and integrating fundamental locomotor, nonlocomotor, rhythmic, and manipulative skills in various movement sequences and patterns...92 Identify techniques, stages of development, and motor patterns for throwing, catching, dribbling, kicking, and striking skills, and combinations of manipulative skills...93 Analyze movement activities and games in which motor skills are applied in complex forms...95 Identify principles and techniques for encouraging the development and integration of motor skills in complex activities and the understanding of game form, tactical awareness, and proper skill execution...98 Demonstrate knowledge of how to help students combine and integrate motor skills in games and sports and adjust techniques and tactics based on feedback...99 Recognize the skill-related components of fitness...99 ix

9 COMPETENCY 12.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES, TECHNIQUES, STRATEGIES, SKILLS, AND SAFETY PRACTICES FOR TEAM PASSING SPORTS, NET/WALL SPORTS, STRIKING/FIELD SPORTS, TARGET SPORTS Skill 12.1 Skill 12.2 Skill 12.3 Skill 12.4 Skill 12.5 Skill 12.6 Skill 12.7 Identify techniques, skills, skills progressions, offensive and defensive strategies, safety practices, and types and uses of equipment for team passing sports Identify techniques, skills, skills progressions, offensive and defensive strategies, safety practices, and types and uses of equipment for net/wall sports Identify techniques, skills, skill progressions, offensive strategies, safety practices, and types and uses of equipment for striking/fielding sports Identify techniques, skills, skills progressions, strategies, safety practices, and types of uses of equipment for target sports Apply knowledge of basic rules, etiquette, safety practices, and appropriate expectations for participant and spectator behaviors in sport and group activities Analyze ways in which group processes, group dynamics, and various levels of cooperation and competition can promote mutual respect and support; safe and cooperative participation; and analytical, problem-solving, teamwork, and leadership skills Recognize the benefits of lifelong participation in sports and strategies for promoting enjoyment of and participation in sports throughout life x

10 COMPETENCY 13.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES, TECHNIQUES, STRATEGIES, SKILLS, AND SAFETY PRACTICES FOR DANCE, AND AESTHETIC ACTIVITIES, PERSONAL PERFORMANCE ACTIVITIES, ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES, AND OUTDOOR PURSUITS Skill 13.1 Skill 13.2 Skill 13.3 Skill 13.4 Skill 13.5 Skill 13.6 Identify techniques, skills, skill progressions, steps, safety practices, and types and uses of equipment for dance and aesthetic activities Identify techniques, skills, skills progressions, strategies, safety practices, and types and uses of equipment for personal performance activities Identify techniques, skills, skills progressions, strategies, safety practices, and types and uses of equipment for outdoor pursuits Recognize techniques, sequences, skills, safety practices, and types and uses of equipment for adventure activities Apply knowledge of ways in which aesthetic, personal performance, outdoor, recreational, adventure, cooperative, and challenge activities can promote critical-thinking, decision-making, problemsolving, conflict management, leadership, and collaborative skills Recognize the benefits of lifelong participation in dance and aesthetic activities, personal performance activities, and outdoor and adventure activities, and strategies for promoting enjoyment of and participation in these activities throughout life xi

11 DOMAIN III. COMPETENCY 14.0 PERSONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDERSTAND HOW INDIVIDUALS GROW AND DEVELOP PHYSICALLY, COGNITIVELY, SOCIALLY, AND EMOTIONALLY Skill 14.1 Skill 14.2 Skill 14.3 Skill 14.4 Skill 14.5 Skill 14.6 Recognize phases and characteristics of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development Recognize factors that influence physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth and development Analyze developmental issues during the different stages of human growth Demonstrate knowledge of physical activity and ways to foster critical-thinking and evaluative skills in the context of physical education and health-related activities Analyze the influence of expectations related to gender, body image, physical appearance, skill level, the media, and culture on the development of self-concept Analyze the influence of peers and others on students' social attitudes and behaviors xii

12 COMPETENCY 15.0 UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSITIVE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND TRAITS Skill 15.1 Skill 15.2 Skill 15.3 Skill 15.4 Analyze the relationship between physical activity and the development of personal identity and emotional and mental well-being Identify ways in which physical activity provides opportunities for enjoyment; challenge; risk taking; and personal expression, satisfaction, and achievement Analyze how physical education activities can promote positive personal behaviors; civility; citizenship; character; and traits such as self-esteem, self-control, responsibility, confidence, honesty, dignity, ability to cope with success and failure, and appropriate attitudes and winning and losing Analyze ways in which physical education activities can promote positive social behaviors and traits such as improved relations with adults and peers; collaboration; cooperation; loyalty; compassion; consideration of others; fairness; being a follower and a leader; valuing and respecting diversity and individual differences; and valuing physical activity; teamwork, and sportsmanship xiii

13 COMPETENCY 16.0 UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMER SKILLS IN RELATION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS Skill 16.1 Skill 16.2 Skill 16.3 Skill 16.4 Skill 16.5 Skill 16.6 Apply strategies for locating physical activity information, products, and services and for promoting consumer awareness skills in relation to physical activity, recreation, and fitness and wellness Compare and evaluate information related to health, fitness, and recreational activities, products, facilities, and services Analyze media advertising and marketing practices related to fitness, recreational, and sports products and programs Demonstrate knowledge of community resources for physical activity and the benefits of participating in physical activity with others Apply knowledge of strategies for improving or maintaining personal and community resources in relation to physical activity and fitness Demonstrate an understanding of how to use a variety of activities, technologies, and resources to enhance research, decision-making, problem-solving, cost-benefit analysis, and other consumer skills in the physical education program xiv

14 DOMAIN IV. COMPETENCY 17.0 THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION, GOALS, AND PURPOSES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS Skill 17.1 Skill 17.2 Skill 17.3 Skill 17.4 Skill 17.5 Skill 17.6 Demonstrate knowledge of the structure, organization, goals, and purposes of physical education programs Analyze the relationships and interactions among physical education and other subject areas and methods for integrating physical education into the overall school curriculum and district plan Identify past and present philosophies, significant major historic events, and contributions of key leaders associated with the field of physical education and the context of human movement Analyze current issues and trends in physical education and their impact on the goals, scope, and components of contemporary physical education programs Apply communication techniques and collaborative strategies to establish partnerships with families, community members, and school professionals that support the achievement of goals of the physical education program and the school Identify criteria and procedures for assessing physical activity and evaluating physical education programs, and ways to adapt or modify activities and programs based on evaluation xv

15 COMPETENCY 18.0 UNDERSTAND ISSUES AND PROCEDURES INVOLVED IN MANAGING THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING MODIFICATIONS AND ADAPTATIONS FOR STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATION NEEDS Skill 18.1 Skill 18.2 Skill 18.3 Skill 18.4 Skill 18.5 Identify general principles for managing heterogeneous groups of children in physical activity settings Recognize appropriate principles and methods for handling logistics related to the availability and use of facilities, materials, staff, and technological resources in the physical education environment..189 Recognize appropriate principles and methods for principles and practices related to the appropriate selection, care, maintenance, storage, and use of physical education equipment Demonstrate knowledge of physical education techniques, technology, media, and activities for various objectives, situations, and developmental levels Apply techniques for adapting and modifying rules, games, equipment, instructional approaches, activities, settings, and grouping strategies to accommodate students with special education needs COMPETENCY 19.0 UNDERSTAND PHYSICAL EDUCATION ASSESSMENT METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS Skill 19.1 Skill 19.2 Skill 19.3 Skill 19.4 Skill 19.5 Compare and contrast types, characteristics, advantages, and limitations of various assessment methods and instruments Relate developmentally appropriate assessment strategies to various physical education learning goals and situations Select appropriate informal and formal assessment materials and techniques to assess student progress Use technology for analysis of student progress, fitness, and performance Demonstrate knowledge of appropriate use, interpretation, and communication of assessment results xvi

16 COMPETENCY 20.0 UNDERSTAND LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES RELATED TO PHYISCAL EDUCATION Skill 20.1 Demonstrate knowledge of professional and ethical standards and codes and of legal requirements and responsibilities associated with teaching physical education Skill 20.2 Analyze legal and ethical issues related to physical education Skill 20.3 Skill 20.4 Skill 20.5 Skill 20.6 Demonstrate knowledge of state and federal laws and guidelines regarding physical education, gender equity, special education, privacy, and other aspects of students rights Relate ethical, legal, and professional guidelines to various physical education settings and situations Apply knowledge of effective strategies for advocating the development of an exemplary physical education program and for accessing resources and opportunities for physical activity during and beyond the school day and year Demonstrate knowledge of how to locate and evaluate commercial and professional sources of information on physical activity, fitness and wellness, and physical education xvii

17 COMPETENCY 21.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES RELATED TO SAFETY, INJURY PREVENTION, AND FIRST AID Skill 21.1 Skill 21.2 Skill 21.3 Skill 21.4 Skill 21.5 Skill 21.6 Identify concepts, considerations, and practices related to establishing and maintaining a safe physical education environment Identify purposes and procedures for CPR and principles and procedures for providing first aid Analyze principles and techniques of injury prevention and risks of injury if physical activity is performed incorrectly or in extreme Evaluate physical and environmental dangers and relate appropriate preventive measures to health conditions Analyze potential safety hazards and risk associated with games, sports, and outdoor activities and appropriate precautions to take to avoid hazards and minimize risk in the physical education environment Demonstrate knowledge of appropriate procedures for following up after an injury occurs xviii

18 COMPETENCY 22.0 UNDERSTAND CAREERS RELATED TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FITNESS AND WELLNESS, RECREATION, SPORTS, AND THE STUDY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT Skill 22.1 Skill 22.2 Skill 22.3 Skill 22.4 Skill 22.5 Recognize the contributions of participation in physical activity to students development of competence and workplace skills Describe career opportunities associated with physical activity, fitness and wellness, and sports and recreation, and associated qualifications, educational requirements, and job responsibilities Recognize principles, procedures, and resources, including technological resources, for developing career awareness and job search skills Demonstrate knowledge of the variety of training courses, college courses, and occupations associated with the study of human movement Recognize the goals and functions of national, state, and local organizations relevant to professions concerned with the study of human movement ANNOTATED LIST OF RESOURCES SAMPLE TEST ANSWER KEY RATIONALES WITH SAMPLE QUESTIONS SAMPLE WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT WITH RESPONSE xix