Tri-District Physical Education Grade K - 12 Curriculum

Transcription

1 Tri-District Physical Education Grade K - 12 Curriculum 2013 Mr. Patrick Fletcher Superintendent River Dell Regional Schools Ms. Lorraine Brooks Principal River Dell High School Mr. Richard Freedman Principal River Dell Middle School Mr. Lawrence Hughes Interim Superintendent Oradell Public School Ms. Megan Bozios Principal Oradell Public School Mr. William Feldman Tri-District Supervisor Curriculum and Instruction Dr. Tova Ben-Dov Superintendent River Edge Public Schools Ms. Denise Heitman Principal Cherry Hill School Ms. Marisa Kossoy Principal Roosevelt School Tri-District Physical Education Committee Carolyn Brush Andrea Lauterbach Katie Lord Lisa Maiella Wendy Naimaister

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Rationale Page 3 2. By the End of Grade 2 Unit One: Movement Skills & Concepts Page 4 Unit Two: Team Sports Page 6 Unit Three: Lifetime Skills & Fitness Activities Page 8 Unit Four: Cooperative Learning & Team Building Page By the End of Grade 4 Unit One: Movement Skills & Concepts Page 12 Unit Two: Team Sports Page 14 Unit Three: Lifetime Skills & Fitness Activities Page 17 Unit Four: Cooperative Learning/Team Building Page By the End of Grade 6 Unit One: Movement Skills & Concepts Page 21 Unit Two: Team Sports Page 24 Unit Three: Lifetime Skills & Fitness Activities Page 26 Unit Four: Cooperative Learning/Team Building Page By the End of 8 th Grade Unit One: Movement Skills & Concepts Page 30 Unit Two: Team Sports Page 33 Unit Three: Lifetime Skills & Fitness Activities Page 36 Unit Four: Cooperative Learning/Team Building Page By the End of Grade 12 Unit One: Movement Skills & Concepts Page 41 Unit Two: Team Sports Page 43 Unit Three: Lifetime Skills & Fitness Activities Page 46 Unit Four: Cooperative Learning/Team Building Page 50 Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 2

3 Rationale The River Edge, Oradell, and River Dell Tri-District Physical Education department offers opportunities for students to participate in motor activities, to learn personal fitness skills, to interact within their social work and to develop lifetime habits and interests. As stated in Guidelines for Secondary School Physical Education, a position paper of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance: Physical Education is that integral part of total education which contributes to the development of the individual through the natural medium of physical activity human movement. It is a carefully planned sequence of learning experiences designed to fulfill the growth, development and behavior needs of each student. It encourages and assists each student to: DEVELOP the skills of movement, the knowledge of how and why one moves and the ways in which movement may be organized. LEARN to move skillfully and effectively through exercise, games, sports and dance ENRICH the understanding of the concepts of space, time and force related to movement. EXPRESS culturally approved patterns of personal behavior and interpersonal relationships in and through games, sports and dance. CONDITION the heart, lungs, muscles, and other organic system of the body to meet daily and emergency demands. ACQUIRE an appreciation and of a respect for good physical condition (fitness), a functional posture and a sense of well-being. DEVELOP an interest and a desire to participate in lifetime recreational sports. Therefore, our program contains the following elements: 1. Structured play through team sports and lifetime activities. 2. Physical fitness development to achieve neuromuscular skills, strength, agility, and comparable growth. 3. Experiences to enhance social growth and developmental skills such as loyalty, decision-making, camaraderie, cooperation, and a sense of sportsmanship through team building activities. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 3

4 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 2 UNIT ONE: MOVEMENT SKILLS AND CONCEPTS STANDARDS A A A A.4 Explain and perform movement skills with developmentally appropriate control in isolated settings (i.e., skill practice) and applied settings (i.e., games, sports, dance, and recreational activities). Demonstrate changes in time, force, and flow while moving in personal and general space at different levels, directions, ranges, and pathways. Respond in movement to changes in tempo, beat, rhythm, or musical style. Correct movement errors in response to feedback. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Developing competence and confidence in gross and fine motor skills provides a foundation for participation in physical activities. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Physical movement can be creative, enjoyable and individually rewarding. Movement skills are necessary to successfully participate in a variety of physical activities. ASSESSMENTS Rubrics Peer Assessment Self- Assessment Teacher Observation Physical Fitness Testing Anecdotal notes Checking for understanding by questions and answers Checklists ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Where do you see/use these skills in everyday life? What are the locomotor skills? Why are these skills important? Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 4

5 How do locomotor skills affect me? How do movement skills impact your games? Why is safety important? How do movement skills and concepts help you become a better mover? How can I move more effectively and efficiently? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand That movement skills are seen in play, team/individual sports, television That loco-motor skills are walking, jumping, skipping, galloping, hopping, leaping, running, sliding That movement skills are the foundation of human movement That loco-motor skills are the basic movements that create the ability to move in more complex ways As you master the different loco-motor skills you will see them gain more confidence That safety prevents injuries to self and others That movement skills and concepts engage you in various physical activities That by applying components of locomotor skills and spatial awareness you move more effectively and efficiently LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below develop and refine gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and use objects and props to develop spatial and coordination skills. Locomotor/non-locomotor skills Parachute Scooter Work/Games Small Group Games Tag Games-Partner Tag Relay races Obstacle course Station activities RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 5

6 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 2 UNIT TWO: TEAM SPORTS STANDARDS B B B B C C.2 Differentiate when to use competitive and cooperative strategies in games, sports, and other movement activities. Explain the difference between offense and defense. Determine how attitude impacts physical performance. Demonstrate strategies that enable team members to achieve goals. *Practicing appropriate and safe behaviors while participating in and viewing games, sports, and other competitive events contributes to enjoyment of the event. Explain what it means to demonstrate good sportsmanship. Demonstrate basic activity and safety rules and explain how they contribute to moving in a safe environment. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS Teamwork consists of effective communication and other interactions between team members. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Participation in team sports can provide an opportunity for developing an understanding and respect for differences among people. Rules, strategies and etiquette in team sports can make the experience both enjoyable and successful. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why is attitude important in team sports? Why is it important to practice fundamental skills? Why do we have rules? Where do you see these skills in everyday life? What skills are common to most sports? How do I interact with others during physical activity? How do rules of play make games safer and more fun for everyone? Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 6

7 LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. Attitude is important to be a successful member of your team That fundamental skills are basic foundation of the skill progression That rules promote fair play That movement skills can be seen on the playground, classroom and home That teamwork, fair play, various gross motor skills, and spatial awareness are common to most sports. That interaction with others should be demonstrated by good sportsmanship By setting boundaries and showing respect to others make games safer and more fun LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below reinforce concepts of using strategies in sports, understanding concepts of offense and defense, and showing how individual and team effectiveness impacts outcomes. Soccer Basketball Tennis Volleyball Football T-ball/Whiffle Ball Hockey RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 7

8 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 2 UNIT THREE: LIFETIME SKILL AND FITNESS ACTIVITIES STANDARDS A A A.3 Explain the role of regular physical activity in relation to personal health. Explain what it means to be physically fit and engage in moderate to vigorous age-appropriate activities that promote fitness. Develop a fitness goal and monitor progress towards achievement of the goal. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Appropriate types and amounts of physical activity enhance personal health. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Fitness provides the opportunities to set and strive for personal, achievable goals. Positive decision making about fitness contributes to a healthy lifestyle ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why is it important to be physically fit? How can I stay fit? What does it mean to be fit? Where do you see these skills in everyday life? How can you maintain a healthy lifestyle? How does physical activity make you feel? What role does exercise play in physical fitness? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand Exercise leads to a healthy lifestyle By exercising one will stay fit To be fit, one must maintain a healthy weight with diet and exercise Lifetime fitness skills can be seen on the playground, organized sports, and on television That eating healthy and exercising maintains a healthy lifestyle Being fit makes one happy, healthy and gives a sense of accomplishment Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 8

9 LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities below help students develop a fitness goal and monitor progress towards achievement of the goal. Jump rope Warm up exercise Timed running Yoga Dance Heart Rate Monitoring Fitness Testing Gymnastics RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 9

10 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 2 UNIT FOUR: COOPERATIVE LEARNING/TEAM BUILDING STANDARDS B B B.4 Differentiate when to use competitive and cooperative strategies in games, sports, and other movement activities. Determine how attitude impacts physical performance. Demonstrate strategies that enable team members to achieve goals. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Teamwork consists of effective communication and other interactions between team members. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Physical and cognitive skills are necessary to successfully participate in a variety of cooperative activities and team building. Assuming leadership, cooperating with others, and accepting responsibility for their own behaviors and actions are part of team building. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How do I interact with others during physical activity? What does it mean to be part of a team? When should I talk? When should I listen? How can our group overcome problems? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand That positive interaction with others displays good sportsmanship That to be part of a team one must work together with others That when we need to solve a problem individuals share their opinions That when others are speaking they should engage listening skills By working together the group can overcome problems Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 10

11 LEARNING ACTIVITIES These activities reinforce the roles and responsibilities of players and observers to enhance sportsmanship-like behaviors and appreciate the social, emotional, and health benefits of selected physical experiences. Parachute Dance Group games Stations Partner/Small and Large group cooperative activities Scooters RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 11

12 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 4 UNIT ONE: MOVEMENT SKILLS AND CONCEPTS STANDARDS A A A A.4 Explain and perform ESSENTIAL elements of movement skills in both isolated settings (i.e., skill practice) and applied settings (i.e., games, sports, dance, and recreational activities). Use body management skills and demonstrate control when moving in relation to others, objects, and boundaries in personal and general space. Explain and demonstrate movement sequences, individually and with others, in response to various tempos, rhythms, and musical styles. Ongoing feedback impacts improvement and effectiveness of movement actions. Correct movement errors in response to feedback and explain how the change improves performance. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Understanding of fundamental concepts related to effective execution of actions provides the foundation for participation in games, sports, dance, and recreational activities. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Physical movement can be creative, enjoyable and individually rewarding. Movement skills are necessary to successfully participate in a variety of physical activities. ASSESSMENTS Rubrics Peer Assessment Self- Assessment Teacher Observation Physical Fitness Testing Anecdotal notes Checking for understanding by questions and answers Checklists Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 12

13 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How can I move more effectively and efficiently? How do movement skills impact your games? Why is safety important? How can movement skills and concepts make you a better mover? How do you move safely in a variety of ways in relation to your surroundings? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand That by applying components of locomotor skills and spatial awareness one can move more effectively and efficiently That mastery of locomotor skills increases confidence That safety is important to prevent injuries to self and others Movement skills and concepts make you a better mover by engaging you in various physical activities By demonstrating awareness of other people and objects one can move safely in a variety of ways LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below develop and refine gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and use objects and props to develop spatial and coordination skills. Locomotor/non-locomotor skills Parachute Scooter Work/Games Small Group Games Tag Games-Partner Tag Relay races Obstacle course Station activities RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 13

14 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 4 UNIT TWO: TEAM SPORTS STANDARDS B B C C.2 Explain and demonstrate the use of basic offensive and defensive strategies (e.g., player positioning, faking, dodging, creating open areas, and defending space). Acknowledge the contributions of team members and choose appropriate ways to motivate and celebrate accomplishments. *Practicing appropriate and safe behaviors while participating in and viewing games, sports, and other competitive events contributes to enjoyment of the event. Summarize the characteristics of good sportsmanship and demonstrate appropriate behavior as both a player and an observer. Apply specific rules and procedures during physical activity and explain how they contribute to a safe active environment. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Offensive, defensive, and cooperative strategies are applied in most games, sports, and other activity situations. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Participation in team sports can provide an opportunity for developing an understanding and respect for differences among people. Rules, strategies and etiquette in team sports can make the experience both enjoyable and successful. ASSESSMENTS Rubrics Peer Assessment Self- Assessment Teacher Observation Physical Fitness Testing Anecdotal notes Checking for understanding by questions and answers Checklists Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 14

15 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why is attitude important in team sports? Why is it important to practice fundamental skills? Why do we have rules? Where do you see these skills in everyday life? What key skills are common to most sports? How do I interact with others during physical activity? How do rules of play make games safer and more fun for everyone? What can I learn from team sports? How are team and individual sports different? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand That positive attitude can help you to be an effective member of a team That fundamental skills are ESSENTIAL to build a strong foundation Rules are necessary to promote fair play That team sport skills can be seen on the playground, in professional, organized and recreational sports Gross motor skills and spatial awareness, are pathways common in most sports Positive interaction with others during physical activity promotes good sportsmanship That by having rules prevents injury Working with others makes you a valuable member of a team Team and individual sports differ by sharing ideas and strategies vs using your own LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below reinforce concepts of using strategies in sports, understanding concepts of offense and defense, and showing how individual and team effectiveness impacts outcomes. Soccer Basketball Tennis Volleyball Football T-ball/Whiffle Ball Hockey Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 15

16 RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 16

17 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 4 UNIT THREE: LIFETIME SKILLS AND FITNESS ACTIVITIES STANDARDS A A A A.4 Determine the physical, social, emotional, and intellectual benefits of regular physical activity. Participate in moderate to vigorous age-appropriate activities that address each component of health-related and skill-related fitness. Develop a health-related fitness goal and track progress using health/fitness indicators. Determine the extent to which different factors influence personal fitness, such as heredity, training, diet, and technology. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Each component of fitness contributes to personal health as well as motor skill performance. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Fitness provides the opportunities to set and strive for personal, achievable goals. Positive decision making about fitness contributes to a healthy lifestyle. ASSESSMENTS Rubrics Peer Assessment Self- Assessment Teacher Observation Physical Fitness Testing Anecdotal notes Checking for understanding by questions and answers Checklists Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 17

18 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why is it important to be physically fit? How do you stay fit? What other factors contribute to being fit? What are the ways to stay fit? What are the components of a healthy lifestyle? What are some other benefits of physical activities? What are the benefits of regular exercise? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. It is important to be physically fit to live a healthy lifestyle To stay fit one must engage in exercise To be fit means maintaining a healthy weight with diet and exercise Lifetime fitness can be seen on the playground, organized sports, and television That eating healthy and exercising helps to main a healthy lifestyle Physical activity makes you feel happy and healthy, with a sense of accomplishment. That regular exercise will give you more energy, strength and a healthier life. LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities below help students develop a fitness goal and monitor progress towards achievement of the goal. Calisthenics Timed power-walking, jogging, running Fitness testing Cardiovascular activities Jump Rope Measuring heart rate Station activities Gymnastics RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 18

19 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 4 UNIT FOUR: COOPERATIVE LEARNING/TEAM BUILDING STANDARDS A B C C.2 Use body management skills and demonstrate control when moving in relation to others, objects, and boundaries in personal and general space. Acknowledge the contributions of team members and choose appropriate ways to motivate and celebrate accomplishments. Summarize the characteristics of good sportsmanship and demonstrate appropriate behavior as both a player and an observer. Apply specific rules and procedures during physical activity and explain how they contribute to a safe active environment. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Understanding of fundamental concepts related to effective execution of actions provides the foundation for participation in games, sports, dance and recreational activities. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Physical and cognitive skills are necessary to successfully participate in a variety of cooperative activities and team building. Assuming leadership, cooperating with others, and accepting responsibility for their own behaviors and actions are part of team building. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are the characteristics of a good team player? How can our group overcome problems? What does it mean to be part of a team? What key relationships are there within a group? What role does respect play in a group activity? What activities can we engage in to accomplish our goal? How do we work together as a team or with a partner? Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 19

20 LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. That a good team player listens actively, participates, and is reliable That by sharing ideas and working together a group can overcome problems That working together means to be part of a team Respect for others, communication, sharing ideas, and good sportsmanship are key relationships within a group Respecting others causes a feeling of respect by your teammates Team building encourages engages us to listen, learn then speak to accomplish our goal That a successful team or partnership works together well with determination and good sportsmanship LEARNING ACTIVITIES These activities reinforce the roles and responsibilities of players and observers to enhance sportsmanship-like behaviors and appreciate the social, emotional, and health benefits of selected physical experiences. Parachute Dance Group games Stations Partners/Small and large group cooperative activities Scooters RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 20

21 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 6 UNIT ONE: MOVEMENT SKILLS AND CONCEPTS STANDARDS A A A A.4 Explain and perform movement skills that combine mechanically correct movement in smooth flowing sequences in isolated settings (i.e., skill practice) and applied settings (i.e., games, sports, dance, and recreational activities). Explain concepts of force and motion and demonstrate control while modifying force, flow, time, space, and relationships in interactive dynamic environments. Create and demonstrate planned movement sequences, individually and with others, based on tempo, beat, rhythm, and music (creative, cultural, social, and fitness dance). *Performing movement skills effectively is often based on an individual s ability to analyze one s own performance as well as receive constructive feedback from others. Use self-evaluation and external feedback to detect and correct errors in one s movement performance. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Understanding of fundamental concepts related to effective execution of actions provides the foundation for participation in games, sports, dance, and recreational activities. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Physical movement can be creative, enjoyable and individually rewarding. Movement skills are necessary to successfully participate in a variety of physical activities. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 21

22 ASSESSMENTS Rubrics Peer Assessment Self- Assessment Teacher Observation Physical Fitness Testing Anecdotal notes Checking for understanding by questions and answers Checklists ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Where do you see/use these skills in everyday life? What are the locomotor skills? Why are these skills important? How do locomotor skills affect me? How do movement skills impact your games? Why is safety important? How do movement skills and concepts help you become a better mover? How can I move more effectively and efficiently? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. That effective locomotor skills are necessary to develop an appreciation for lifelong activities Taking the appropriate time and steps to self-evaluate helps refine and increase control when performing movement skills Building on prior knowledge and practice determines which skills are applicable to various physical activities That demonstrating mature form in locomotor movements is critical to performing a variety of skills with proficiency That effective movement skills can be used in everyday living That practice and effort is critical to building a successful movement skills foundation That locomotor skill development impacts the quality of performance That applying ESSENTIAL elements to improves personal performance and movement skills Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 22

23 LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below develop and refine gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and use objects and props to develop spatial and coordination skills. Locomotor/non-locomotor skills Parachute Scooter Work/Games Small Group Games Tag Games-Partner Tag Relay races Obstacle course Station activities RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 23

24 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 6 UNIT TWO: TEAM SPORTS STANDARDS C C B B.2 Compare the roles and responsibilities of players and observers and recommend strategies to enhance sportsmanship-like behavior. Apply rules and procedures for specific games, sports, and other competitive activities and describe how they enhance participation and safety. Demonstrate the use of offensive, defensive, and cooperative strategies in individual, dual, and team activities. Compare and contrast strategies used to impact individual and team effectiveness and make modifications for improvement. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Practicing appropriate and safe behaviors while participating in and viewing games, sports, and other competitive events contributes to enjoyment of the event. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Participation in team sports can provide an opportunity for developing an understanding and respect for differences among people. Rules, strategies and etiquette in team sports can make the experience both enjoyable and successful. ASSESSMENTS Rubrics Peer Assessment Self- Assessment Teacher Observation Physical Fitness Testing Anecdotal notes Checking for understanding by questions and answers Checklists Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 24

25 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why is attitude important in team sports? Why is it important to practice fundamental skills? Why do we have rules? Where do you see these skills in everyday life? What skills are common to most sports? How do I interact with others during physical activity? How do rules of play make games safer and more fun for everyone? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. Strategy helps develop critical thinking skills and to be successful That the ESSENTIAL components of teamwork are listening, reliability, being an active participant, cooperation, and commitment That the value of playing team sports is learning to work with others and the feeling of accomplishment shared with teammates The value of team sports is to learn offense/defense and communication That being aware of the rules of the game leads to successful play That if one does not succeed, re-evaluate, try a different strategy, and practice That safety is important to prevent injury to yourself and others LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below reinforce concepts of using strategies in sports, understanding concepts of offense and defense, and showing how individual and team effectiveness impacts outcomes. Soccer Basketball Tennis Volleyball Football T-ball/Whiffle Ball Hockey RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 25

26 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 6 UNIT THREE: LIFETIME SKILLS AND FITNESS ACTIVITIES STANDARDS A A A A.2 Analyze the social. emotional, and health benefits of selected physical experiences. Predict how factors such as health status, interests, environmental conditions, and available time may impact personal fitness. Relate physical activity, healthy eating, and body composition to personal fitness and health. Determine to what extent various activities improve skill-related fitness versus health-related fitness. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Knowing and applying a variety of effective fitness principles over time enhances personal fitness level, performance, and health status. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Fitness provides the opportunities to set and strive for personal, achievable goals. Positive decision making about fitness contributes to a healthy lifestyle. ASSESSMENTS Rubrics Peer Assessment Self- Assessment Teacher Observation Physical Fitness Testing Anecdotal notes Checking for understanding by questions and answers Checklists Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 26

27 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why is it important to be physically fit? How can I stay fit? What does it mean to be fit? Where do you see these skills in everyday life? How can you maintain a healthy lifestyle? How does physical activity make you feel? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. That the amount of exercise required to remain fit varies from one individual to the next, due to such factors as age, health, and fitness goal. Lifetime fitness improves your chances of living a long healthy lifestyle. Goal setting helps keeps consistency and motivation That the ability to perform physical activities measures physical fitness By being consistently physically active maintains one s health That fitness improves mobility, strength and flexibility Fitness helps to control weight, increase energy, and promote better sleep LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities below help students develop a fitness goal and monitor progress towards achievement of the goal. Calisthenics Timed power-walking, jogging, running Fitness testing Cardiovascular activities Jump Rope Measuring heart rate Station activities Gymnastics RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 27

28 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K-12 BY THE END OF GRADE 6 UNIT FOUR: COOPERATIVE LEARNING/TEAM BUILDING STANDARDS B B C C.2 Demonstrate the use of offensive, defensive, and cooperative strategies in individual, dual, and team activities. Compare and contrast strategies used to impact individual and team effectiveness and make modifications for improvement. *Practicing appropriate and safe behaviors while participating in and viewing games, sports, and other competitive events contributes to enjoyment of the event. Compare the roles and responsibilities of players and observers and recommend strategies to enhance sportsmanship-like behavior. Apply rules and procedures for specific games, sports, and other competitive activities and describe how they enhance participation and safety. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD There is a relationship between applying effective tactical strategies and achieving individual and team goals when competing in games, sports, and other activity situations. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Physical and cognitive skills are necessary to successfully participate in a variety of cooperative activities and team building. Assuming leadership, cooperating with others, and accepting responsibility for their own behaviors and actions are part of team building ASSESSMENTS Rubrics Peer Assessment Self- Assessment Teacher Observation Physical Fitness Testing Anecdotal notes Checking for understanding by questions and answers Checklists Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 28

29 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How do I interact with others during physical activity? What does it mean to be part of a team? When should I talk? When should I listen? How can our group overcome problems? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. That effective strategies are needed for problem solving Building collaborative relationships enhances cooperative activities Collaborating and being successful promotes an effective cooperative team Learning team building activities helps students to work together as a group and value the ideas and opinions of others Successful strategies are communication, motivation to achieve goals, and problem solving skills That by being a good listener and respecting the ideas of others helps one to reach a common goal Relationships are built with trust and respect That respect promotes a feeling of encouragement by your teammates LEARNING ACTIVITIES These activities reinforce the roles and responsibilities of players and observers to enhance sportsmanship-like behaviors and appreciate the social, emotional, and health benefits of selected physical experiences Dance Group games Stations Partners/Small and large group activities Scooters Team Building/cooperative activities RESOURCES Text, web, teacher manuals, PE equipment, teacher collaboration Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 29

30 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K 12 BY THE END OF GRADE 8 UNIT ONE: MOVEMENT SKILLS AND CONCEPTS STANDARDS A A A A B.2 Explain and demonstrate the transition of movement skills from isolated settings (i.e., skill practice) into applied settings (i.e., games, sports, dance, and recreational activities). Apply the concepts of force and motion (weight transfer, power, speed, agility, range of motion) to impact performance. Create, explain, and demonstrate, as a small group, a planned movement sequence that includes changes in rhythm, tempo, and musical style (creative, cultural, social, and fitness dance). Detect, analyze, and correct errors and apply to refine movement skills. Assess the effectiveness of specific mental strategies applied to improve performance. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS Movement skills are the foundation component which allows all physical sport and fitness activities to be based off of. With this foundation students are more likely to succeed and continue their physical endeavors ENDURING UNDERSTANDING The three types of movement are locomotor movement which occurs when a person moves from one place to another. Non-locomotor occurs when the person moves in a self-space without appreciable movement, and manipulative movement which occurs when the person is able to control a variety of objects with different body parts. These skills and manipulative movements encompass all the primary needs of a physical education student. ASSESSMENTS Teacher observation Cognitive understandings through question & answering Peer assessment Personal assessment Daily fulfillment of classroom responsibilities PE Rubric Informal based visual observation Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 30

31 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why are movement skills important when dealing with physical activity? How is proper balance and body control imperative when trying to attain a high level of self-control? How can lead up exercises be utilized when trying to master movement skills and concepts? Why is understanding proper instructions important when learning a new movement skill? Why should you practice new skills before trying to master them? How do concepts, such as force and motion, impact performance? How can peer evaluations help to improve your overall skill level? How can movement skills and concepts be transferred to all areas of physical activity? Why is it important to use your cognitive abilities as well as your physical during an athletic performance? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand that. Movement skills are a vital element when dealing with how the human body moves and reactions to physical activity. Being able to control the body and its movements will lead to a high level of success when dealing with movement skills and concepts. Students must first learn the basic skills that make up the whole sport to help fully understand the game as an entirety. Instructions inform the student of directions and motor coordination cues that will help lead to successful motor coordination skills. Practicing the basic skills will help the student gain motor coordination helping to aid in the future mastering of the sport. Force and motion help to create a sense of body position and over all understanding of the human body. Different observations and evaluations may lead to a greater understanding of key elements and further physical growth. Mastering the basic motor skills and concepts will help improve all areas of physical activity as many sports and physical activity overlap in there movement skills. Being mentally strong and applying specific mental strategies can help you overcome a lack of physical ability or an opponent. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 31

32 LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below develop and refine gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and use objects and props to develop spatial and coordination skills. Throwing Catching Striking Agility Visual tracking Dynamic warm-up skills Mastering motor skills at a level higher than the grammar school RESOURCES Supplies: Equipment that enhances the development of listed skills. Texts: Resources in Physical Education offices Website: for lesson/small development game ideas, for video examples Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 32

33 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K 12 BY THE END OF GRADE 8 UNIT TWO: TEAM SPORTS STANDARDS B B C C C.3 Compare and contrast the use of offensive, defensive, and cooperative strategies in a variety of settings. Analyze individual and team effectiveness in achieving a goal and make recommendations for improvement. Assess player behavior for evidence of sportsmanship in individual, smallgroup, and team activities. Summarize types of equipment, products, procedures, and rules that contribute to the safety of specific individual, small-group, and team activities. Analyze the impact of different world cultures on present-day games, sports, and dance. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS There is no I in team. Success is achieved through the process of team work. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Team sports involve the development of offense and defense while promoting personal and group success, team cooperation and communication, ethical behavior, and the understanding of the strategy of the game. ASSESSMENTS Teacher observation Cognitive understandings through question & answering Peer assessment Personal assessment Daily fulfillment of classroom responsibilities PE Rubric Informal based visual observation Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 33

34 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What is the difference between an offense and defensive position when dealing with team sports? How can creating team goals help improve overall outcome? How can you analyze team effectiveness when competing in team sports? Why is making recommendations for improvements a good idea when dealing with team sports? How can you assess a player who is showing good sportsmanship? Why is good sportsmanship so important in everyday life? How can you make sure you are following the rules of the game, and contributing to team safety? How can cultural difference be learned and respected? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand that.. There are two ESSENTIAL parts of any team sports, offense which tries to score and defense which is defending their teams goal. Creating goals can help keep a group of students focused and force them to work together as a whole. In order to be perceived as successful a team must work together as a unit to beat their opponent. Finding the teams weakness and working on ways to improve will aid in their future success as a whole. Assessments of good sportsmanship can be any of the following; positive selftalk, cooperation with others, encouragement of others, showing respect, and following the rules of the game without complaint. Students who practices good sportsmanship are more likely to carry the respect and appreciation of other people into every other aspect of life As a player you should be able to adhere to rules of the game, have proper team etiquette, ethnical behavior, and positive self-interaction with others. There are differences and similarities between sports throughout the world and in the United States. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 34

35 LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below reinforce concepts of using strategies in sports, understanding concepts of offense and defense, and showing how individual and team effectiveness impacts outcomes. Soccer Flag Football Basketball Volleyball Pillow Polo Hockey Softball Lacrosse Handball RESOURCES Supplies: Equipment/supplies based on each sport listed. Texts: Resources per sport in Physical Education Office Website: national sporting websites for each sport (ie. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 35

36 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K 12 BY THE END OF GRADE 8 UNIT THREE: LIFETIME SKILLS AND FITNESS STANDARDS A A A A A A.6 Summarize the short- and long-term physical, social, and emotional benefits of regular physical activity Use health data to develop and implement a personal fitness plan and evaluate its effectiveness. Analyze how medical and technological advances impact personal fitness. Determine ways to achieve a healthy body composition through healthy eating, physical activity, and other lifestyle behaviors. Use the primary principles of training (FITT) for the purposes of modifying personal levels of fitness. Determine the physical, behavioral, legal, and ethical consequences of the use of anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing substances. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS Maintaining an active lifestyle will lead to overall well being ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Incorporating lifetime skills and fitness activities throughout life has many benefits. They include improved cardiovascular health, the elimination of obesity and disease, improvement of self-esteem and self-worth, and a higher level of cognitive function. ASSESSMENTS Teacher observation Cognitive understandings through question & answering Peer assessment Personal assessment Presidential Fitness Testing Pedometer logging Daily fulfillment of classroom responsibilities PE Rubric Informal based visual observation Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 36

37 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are examples of the short term benefits of regular physical activity on a physical, social, and emotional level? How can personal fitness goals help you improve performance throughout the life time fitness unit? How can you evaluate the success of your personal fitness? What are examples of medical and technological advancements that help aid in personal fitness? How can you attain a healthy level of body composition through healthy eating and physical fitness? What does FITT mean? How can FITT be modified to work for all levels of fitness? What are the dangers of using anabolic steroids and other performanceenhancing substances? How can lifetime fitness improve your quality of life? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand that Understand that regular physical activity benefits the body in many ways; physically to keep our body healthy and strong, socially allowing the student to build positive relationships, and emotional growth and self-confidence. Creating goals at or just above the student s personal fitness level will allow for success through progression and gratification of the personal goal. That they can test their physical fitness level at the beginning of the marking period for a starting point and check their progression with a final fitness test at the completion of the unit. Goals prior to the unit will also be set, and then relooked at the completion of the unit to check for success. The use of body fat analyzers and pedometers allows the students to calculate their individual calorie expenditure, body fat compositing, calculate distance and track progress. One can achieve a healthy body composition by using the information provided about portion sizes, daily food recommendations, living a non-sedentary lifestyle, and being physically active for the correct amount of time for your age and lifestyle. That FITT is the principle that describes how to safely apply the principles of over load and progression through F- frequency, I intensity, T- time, and T- type of specific exercise. One is empowered to construct and tailor their workouts to meet their individual fitness levels. For beginners the level of each component should start lower, for Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 37

38 example time levels for beginners should begin under 20 minutes and build as their fitness levels progress. Also, a T- type change can be a light jog to a full out run as the fitness level grows. That the use of illegal substances to improve performance is correlated to many negative consequences; health related complications, negative behavioral traits, legal consequences, and dealing with the ethnical ramifications associated with these drugs. That physical activity not only improves your body composition and lowers your chance of obesity and other related illness, it also boosts emotional status while being related to higher levels of cognitive function. LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities below help students develop a fitness goal and monitor progress towards achievement of the goal. Bocce ball Badminton Tennis Frisbee Yoga Pilates Bosu Ball Workouts Presidential Fitness Testing Cardiovascular training Muscular strength and endurance training Weight room activities RESOURCES Supplies: Specialized equipment based on the activity listed (yoga mats, Pilates balls, jump ropes, hand weights, pedometers, weight applications). Texts: Resources in Physical Education office Website: BMI calculator site: Target Heart Rate Calculator: Fitness YOGA Pilates Spinning Power Walking Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 38

39 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K 12 BY THE END OF GRADE 8 UNIT FOUR: COOPERATIVE LEARNING/TEAM BUILDING STANDARDS A B B B C C.2 Create, explain, and demonstrate, as a small group, a planned movement sequence that includes changes in rhythm, tempo, and musical style (creative, cultural, social, and fitness dance). Compare and contrast the use of offensive, defensive, and cooperative strategies in a variety of settings. Assess the effectiveness of specific mental strategies applied to improve performance. Analyze individual and team effectiveness in achieving a goal and make recommendations for improvement. Assess player behavior for evidence of sportsmanship in individual, smallgroup, and team activities. Summarize types of equipment, products, procedures, and rules that contribute to the safety of specific individual, small-group, and team activities. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS Solving problems through cooperative learning and developing team building skills will increase the likelihood of success in future endeavors. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Pre-meditated strategies contributes to team building, serves to improve positive mental attitudes and increase competent skill levels and self-initiated behaviors. ASSESSMENTS Peer assessment Personal assessment Teacher Observation -Cognitive understandings through question & answering Daily fulfillment of classroom responsibilities PE Rubric Informal based visual observation ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are some of the positive repercussions from cooperative learning when working in small groups to create a planned movement sequence? Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 39

40 How can individual and team execution in team games, and other activity s in a cooperative setting be successful? How can you measure the level of sportsmanship and provision of safety being used during a cooperative game setting? What is the role of the student during a team building activity? What is the role of the teacher during a team building activity? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand that. When working on cooperative learning and team building students are able to gain insight from others that will help aid in their development as well as build social skills. Team work, competent skill levels, positive mental attitudes, and the use of tactical strategies are all ways cooperative and team building skills can turn out to be successful. Sportsmanship can be measured by the level of participation of the group as a cohesive unit, adherence to the rules, etiquette used by the students, cooperation levels, ethnical behavior, and positive social interactions. The student should be willing to promote personal and group success while following special directions, adhering to rules and safety practices, while working together to solve the common goal. The teacher should provide clear and precise instructions, create firm rules and promote cooperative learning and sportsmanship. LEARNING ACTIVITIES These activities reinforce the roles and responsibilities of players and observers to enhance sportsmanship-like behaviors and appreciate the social, emotional, and health benefits of selected physical experience Adventure games Dance Large group activity RESOURCES Supplies: Specialized equipment based on the activity. Low ropes course elements such as the Whale Watch. Radio and music selections. Texts: Resources in Physical Education office Website: Project Adventure Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 40

41 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K 12 BY THE END OF GRADE 12 UNIT ONE: MOVEMENT SKILL AND CONCEPT STANDARDS A A A A.4 Explain and demonstrate ways to transfer movement skills from one game, sport, dance, or recreational activity to another (e.g., striking skills from/to tennis, badminton, ping pong, racquetball). Analyze application of force and motion (weight transfer, power, speed, agility, range of motion) and modify movement to impact performance. Design and lead a rhythmic activity that includes variations in time, space, force, flow, and relationships (creative, cultural, social, and fitness dance). Critique a movement skill/performance and discuss how each part can be made more interesting, creative, efficient, and effective. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Movement skills are the foundation which all physical sport and fitness activities are based off of. With this foundation, students would be more likely to succeed and continue with their physical endeavors. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS The three types of movement are locomotor movement which occurs when a person moves from one place to another. Non-locomotor occurs when the person moves in a self-space without appreciable movement, and manipulative movement which occurs when the person is able to control a variety of objects with different body parts. ASSESSMENTS Informal based observation, including question and answer, teacher/peer observation, and daily fulfillment of classroom responsibilities. Please refer to Physical Education Rubric. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 41

42 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS In the sport we are currently practicing, what skills are similar/different from other sports? How are the striking skills for each sport similar and different? (tennis to badminton, golf to softball, ping pong to pickle ball) What are different intensity levels of running that can vary from sport to sport? How do concepts like force and motion impact performance? Why is rhythm a crucial part of many basic skills? How does critiquing performance of their execution of skill benefit the participant? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. There are similarities and differences between movement skills that are used in various skills such as striking, kicking, running, etc. That the forehand strikes in some sports are similar while the swings in other sports are different. In a soccer game, running is more consistently performed than during football play, when running during play is intermittent. When someone increases the force of a throw, they may increase the speed but may not result in improving overall accuracy without proper mechanics. Dribbling a basketball has a rhythm associated with it. An aerobic routine is created to go along with music and progressively add on to the beats of music. Observation of movement from a coach or peer can positively affect skill execution and often times, overall performance. LEARNING ACTIVITIES Mastering of motor skill such as throwing, catching, striking, agility work, dynamic warm-up skills, and visual tracking. All of these are to be worked towards at a higher level than those attained at the Middle School level. RESOURCES Supplies: Equipment that enhances the development of listed skills. Texts: Resources in Physical Education offices Website: for lesson/small development game ideas, for video examples Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 42

43 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K 12 BY THE END OF GRADE 12 UNIT TWO: TEAM SPORTS STANDARDS A B B B C C.2 Explain and demonstrate ways to transfer movement skills from one game, sport, dance, or recreational activity to another (e.g., striking skills from/to tennis, badminton, ping pong, racquetball). Demonstrate and assess tactical understanding by using appropriate and effective offensive, defensive, and cooperative strategies. Apply a variety of mental strategies to improve performance. Analyze factors that influence intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and employ techniques to enhance individual and team effectiveness. Analyze the role, responsibilities, and preparation of players, officials, trainers, and other participants and recommend strategies to improve their performance and behavior. Develop rule changes to existing games, sports, and activities that enhance safety and enjoyment. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD There is no I in TEAM. Success is achieved through the process of team work. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Team sports involve the development of offense and defense while promoting personal and group success, team cooperation and communication, ethical behavior embodied in sports activities, and the understanding of the strategy of the game. ASSESSMENTS Informal based observation, including question and answer, teacher/peer observation, and daily fulfillment of classroom responsibilities. Please refer to Physical Education Rubric. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 43

44 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are the similarities between sports and the skills that are developed within them? What is the difference between offense and defense within a team sport? What is confidence? Why is confidence a crucial part of the team in order to be successful? What develops team confidence? What is the role of the team player, officials, and trainers? How do the roles of the player, official, and trainer help prepare the team for the game? What rule changes can enhance safety of the players with a physical education class? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand. If they are skilled at one sport that has similar skills associated with it, these skills can carry over to another sport or life skill. The offense of a team has a main focus of scoring a goal while the defense develops strategies to prevent the scoring of a goal. It is crucial for a team to work cooperatively for both tasks. Confidence is general belief in one s ability. Confidence is important to reduce indecision and hesitation as well as reduce overwhelming expectations. Confidence can be developed by being committed to practice and attaining performance achievement. The role of the player is to play to their best ability each practice and game. The role of the coach is to educate players as well as develop methods that strengthen the skills associated with the game. The trainer s role is to develop a strength/fitness plan that will prepare the players for game play. The team player should be committed to the practices, demonstrate perseverance, and follow the instructions of the coaches, officials and trainers. The coaches should attend practices with a training plan as well as strategy development for the players. Each coach should keep the personal needs and abilities of the players in mind in an effort to push them to the top of their game play. The trainers should be educated in the physical needs of the players as well as muscle development that coordinates with the skills associated with each sport. Altering equipment used as well as lead up games can aid in the safety of the students in a Physical education class. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 44

45 LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities listed below reinforce concepts of using strategies in sports, understanding concepts of offense and defense, and showing how individual and team effectiveness impacts outcomes. Soccer Flag Football Basketball Pillow Polo Volleyball Hockey Softball Lacrosse RESOURCES Supplies: Equipment/supplies based on each sport listed. Texts: Resources per sport in Physical Education Office Website: national sporting websites for each sport (ie. Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 45

46 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K 12 BY THE END OF GRADE 12 UNIT THREE: LIFETIME SKILLS AND FITNESS ACTIVITIES STANDARDS C A A A A A.5 Determine the current impact of globalization and technology on the development of, participation in, and viewing of games, sports, dance, and other movement activities, and predict future impact. Compare the short- and long-term impact on wellness associated with physical inactivity. Design, implement, and evaluate a fitness plan that reflects knowledge and application of fitness-training principles. Determine the role of genetics, gender, age, nutrition, activity level, and exercise type on body composition. Compare and contrast the impact of health-related fitness components as a measure of fitness and health. Debate the use of performance-enhancing substances (i.e., anabolic steroids and other legal and illegal substances) to improve performance. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Maintaining an active lifestyle will lead to overall well-being. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Incorporating lifetime skills and fitness activities throughout life has many benefits. They include improved cardiovascular health, the elimination of obesity and disease, improvement of self-esteem and self-worth, and a higher level of cognitive function. ASSESSMENTS Informal based observation, including question and answer, teacher/peer observation, and daily fulfillment of classroom responsibilities. Please refer to Physical Education Rubric. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How has technology development impacted the involvement in sports/fitness activities? How has technology impacted physical activity levels? What kinds of technology have helped improve fitness levels? Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 46

47 How can fitness based activities impact overall wellness over a few months? How can fitness based activities impact overall wellness when done over long periods of time, such as a year? When developing a personal fitness plan, what factors should be considered? What are the benefits of keeping fitness in your life? What role does fitness play at various ages and how does the level of intensity differ? What should teens consider when debating the use of performance enhancing substances? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand that Technology has increased the ability for sporting events to be seen globally on a larger scale than ever before. The more people that view sporting events, the more interest that can be developed. There is the ability to more widely promote events and gain more interest in physical activities in a town, state, or country. i.e., National dance day, little league world series, 5K/marathon/iron man. Technology may reduce the participation in physical activity for people of all ages to stay indoors and watch TV or play video games. On the flip side, technological advances have led to the development of items that make physical activity more interesting such as phone applications and heart rate monitors for all fitness needs. There are many tools for developing interest in physical activity like the MP3, the lap pool, arm bikes and treadmills, applications on wireless phones, heart rate monitors for heart rate training. Short term effects of implementing fitness such as increasing heart rate can have positive lift in energy and help the body burn increased calories for weight loss. There are also the social and emotional components of life that can be positively affected with the participation in a sport or fitness based plan. Long term effects of fitness can strengthen the heart, overall musculature, and contribute to weight loss if combined with a healthy eating plan. It is important to make fitness a part of your life even when life gets in the way (family, work, etc.). Personal plans will vary. Applying the principles of the FITT (Frequency, intensity, time, and type of specific exercise) program can aid in goal setting. Physical ability due to current weight will affect the type of exercises in your plan. Intensity can increase as your strength improves. For example, starting with walking and moving to a walk/jog combination will show improvement as well as Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 47

48 increase the calorie burning. The age of the participant can influence your plan as younger bodies are known to be more able but prior fitness activity is also a contributing factor. Nutrition is a key factor and is often the most difficult to alter. Health practices in the household are often learned from parents. Altering this may have to be influenced throughout the home and family to truly make a difference. The benefit of incorporating fitness into your lives is overall health and strength. It can mean losing weight after a pregnancy, increasing strength to overcome a personal battle, or to be able to keep up with your grandchildren. First to consider when using performance enhancing drugs is the health consequences and the legal ramifications associated with many of these substances. Then the ethical side brings up the argument of the use of drugs being considered an unfair advantage to sport, or cheating. The addiction of the effects of these drugs can also lead to the use/abuse of other substances that could create a larger effect. LEARNING ACTIVITIES The activities below help students develop a fitness goal and monitor progress towards achievement of the goal. Badminton Tennis Frisbee Yoga Pilates Step Aerobics Cardiovascular Training (Heart Rate Training) Weight Room Bocce Golf Pickle Ball Table Tennis Archery X Box Kinect Activities Lecture Video Resources Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 48

49 RESOURCES Supplies: Specialized equipment based on the activity listed (yoga mats, hand weights, weight applications). Fitness videos for DVD, Xbox system and Kinect games. Texts: Resources in Physical Education office Website: BMI calculator site Target Heart Rate Calculator Fitness YOGA Pilates Spinning Power Walking Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 49

50 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM GRADE K 12 BY THE END OF GRADE 12 UNIT FOUR: COOPERATIVE LEARNING/TEAM BUILDING STANDARDS A C.1 Design and lead a rhythmic activity that includes variations in time, space, force, flow, and relationships (creative, cultural, social, and fitness dance). Analyze the role, responsibilities, and preparation of players, officials, trainers, and other participants and recommend strategies to improve their performance and behavior. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREAD Solving problems through cooperative learning and developing team building skills will increase the likelihood of success in future endeavors. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Pre-meditated strategies contributes to team building and serves to improve positive mental attitudes, increase competent skill levels and self-initiated behaviors. ASSESSMENTS Informal based observation, including question and answer, teacher/peer observation, and daily fulfillment of classroom responsibilities. Please refer to Physical Education Rubric. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What is the role of a choreographer in a fitness class? Name a few benefits of rhythmic activities? What is the role of the teacher in cooperative/team building activities? What is the role of the students during cooperative/team building activities? LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to understand A choreographer is someone who builds rhythmic movements and focuses on time, space, and often develops movements that use force to demonstrate the Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 50

51 power that builds with timing of the music. The goal is to develop a routine that maintains an increased healthy heart rate level. Rhythmic activities can increase heart rates to beneficial fitness levels. Creative building of rhythmic movements can develop cooperation and social skills, while also working with the concepts of time, special relationships, force and flow of movement. The role of the teacher is to provide instruction of the task, create safe environment to work in, oversee activity, as well as look for improvements. The teacher will develop higher thinking questions for the students to answer about each activity. The role of the students is to be attentive and perform at their own levels. Each student should remain actively involved in the activity as well as the class discussion. LEARNING ACTIVITIES These activities reinforce the roles and responsibilities of players and observers to enhance sportsmanship-like behaviors and appreciate the social, emotional, and health benefits of selected physical experience Adventure Based Games Adventure Low Elements Larger Group Activities Dance RESOURCES Supplies: Specialized equipment based on the activity. Low ropes course elements such as the Whale Watch. Radio and music selections. Texts: Resources in Physical Education office Oradell, River Dell, and River Edge Public Schools 51