Conservation Agriculture in Argentina: Development and Perspectives AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
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1 FOOD GROWING DEMAND Berlin, Germany January 2014 Conservation Agriculture in Argentina: Development and Perspectives AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEM Ing. Agr. Maria Beatriz (PILU) Giraudo Vice President Aapresid ARGENTINA
2 Aapresid s Mission ARGENTINIAN NO TILL FARMERS ASSOCIATION TopromotetheNo Tillsystemin order to achieve an economically, environmentally and socially sustainableagriculturalactivitybasedontechnological, organizational and institutional innovation, undertaking the commitment to interact with public and private organizations to achieveanintegral developmentof ournation.
3 CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE PARADIGM Virgin soil Structure Porosity Fertility SOM: 5-6% ROUTE FOLLOWED UNTIL THE PRESENT ATMOSPHERE CO2 R. Fogante/ 98 HUMAN FACTOR CURRENT SOIL Loss of fertility Loss of porosity Loss of structure SOM: 2-3% TILLAGE = DEGRADATION UNSUSTAINABLE SYSTEM PRODUCTION QUALITY WITH BIG AMOUNTS OF EXTERNAL INPUTS
4 Aapresid foundation-1989 La sustentabilidad como programa
5 NO TILL SYSTEM ROUTE TO FOLLOW NO TILL Virgin soil Structure Porosity Fertility SOM: 5-6% COVERED SOILS BIODIVERSITY PROPORTIONALLY LESS EXTERNAL INPUTS R. Fogante/ 98 HUMAN FACTOR CURRENT SOIL Loss of fertility Loss of porosity Loss of structure SOM: 2-3% ATMOSPHERE CO2
6
7 FOOD GROWING DEMAND
8 FARMER AGRONOMIST PIONEER
9 MR. HUGO O. GHIO s HISTORY 1890, the arrival from Italy Camilo Aldao, Cordoba province in the centro of Argentina 200 ha. 5 children, 32 grandchildren Agricultural and livestock production based on tillages From 1965 Continuos agriculture Mechanical harvesting From 1975 No Till system
10 Evolutionof NT surfacein Argentina Aapresid GMOs
11 Field under crop rotation Typical Argiudol after 47 years of agriculture (last10 in No till) Croprotationin thepast10 years: 5 Wheat/Soy2-5 maize Infiltration Measurement Continuous Soybean Typical Argiudol after 50 years of agriculture (last10 in No till) Croprotationin thepast10 years: 9 Soy 1-1 maize In thefieldwithsoybeancereal rotation, water circulation was 80% higher thanthatin theonewith soybean as a monocrop Source: INTA Oliveros S. Bacigaluppo, 2005.
12 WATER USE AND USE EFFICIENCY UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERTILIZATION - LATE SOYBEAN 2006/07 Control S Treatment NP Treatment NPS Treatment NPS Reposition Phenological Stages S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF Total available Water (2.5m) Rainfall P to PM mm AW Planting (mm) Consumption by Crop (mm) Yield(kg/ha) Water Use Efficiency (kg of grain/mm) Agr. Eng. Guillermo Beltramo AAPRESID Internship
13 WATER USE AND USE EFFICIENCY UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERTILIZATION MAIZE 2007/08 Control S Treatment NP Treatment NPS Treatment NPS Reposition Phenological Stages S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF S Fl MF Total available Water (2.5m) Rainfall P to PM 274mm AW Planting (mm) Consumption by Crop (mm) Yield (kg/ha) 4,640 6,222 5,656 7,947 8,497 Water Use Efficiency (kg of grain/mm) Rainfall 15 days before flowering 16mm Agr. Eng. Guillermo Beltramo AAPRESID Internship
14 SURFACE per crop MARCOS JUÁREZ county Wheat/ Barley 2 Soy 1 Soy Maize Surface % Average for the last 5 years: 4.22 Tn/ha/year SURFACE per crop MARCOS JUÁREZ county Wheat/ Barley 2 Soy 1 Soy Maize Surface % Average for the last 5 years: Tn/ha/year
15 SURFACE per crop BRAGADO County Wheat/ Barley 2 Soy 1 Soy Maize Surface % Average for the last 5 years: 4.22 Tn/ha/year SURFACE per crop BRAGADO County Wheat/ Barley 2 Soy 1 Soy Maize Surface % Average for the last 5 years: 8.28 Tn/ha/year
16 NO TILL + GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES FOOD GROWING DEMAND CROP ROTATIONS BALANCED NUTRITION INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBLE PHYTOSANITARY MANAGEMENT Better physical, chemical and biological soil conditions Increased soil biological activity and biodiversity Improved soil fertility and nutrients cycling Higher water use efficiency (less consumption and plus storage) Carbon sequestration Higher yields and increased yield stability
17 BIOlogía del Suelo y Producción Agraria Sustentable (Soil Biology and Sustainable Agricultural Production) Ministryof Scienceand Technology(MINCyT) + 1 NGO(AAPRESID) + 2 Companies NE + 12 Research Units GAP NSAP CONCLUSION GAP ismore similar tone thannsap and it is in between those situations
18 BIOTECHNOLOGY FOOD GROWING DEMAND
19 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE JV FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW COMPANIES Founded in 2001 by 23 argentinean farmer, all members of Aapresid 249 private shareholders, farmers from Latin America Shareholders and its team work an aproximate area of 2,5 mill ha in Latin America
20 Responsible advance of the agricultural frontier with the development of technologies adapted to the specific area FOOD GROWING DEMAND Avance frontera agrícola Aprovechamiento del agua dulce que se vierte al mar en forma permanente Interacción con INTA, Universidades
21 IfthiswastheEarth (total area50,9 billionsof hectares) USA 21% Argentina 20% Brasil 20% Australia 14% Canada 11% 8% CA 125 M ha* + 75 % in AMERICA (60 % South America) Overviewof global Spread of ConservationAgriculture, T. Firiedrich, R. Derpsch, A. Kassam, 2012 Global agricultural area (1,5 billions of hectares ~ 3%)
22 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 CO2 Alimentos Fibras Energía H2O AGUA SUELO AIRE 22
23 It is not matter of size, extensive and intensive familiar farmers can adapt the system to its productie, social and environment situation FOODcultural, GROWING DEMAND Private-public interaction importance in national and international scale CAAPAS GPPS ; GSP o o o o o Government role to generate public politics to boost sustainable managment GAP incentives to guarantee food security and climate change mitigation Infraestructure investment Zoning and others regulations Bioenergy and added value promotion Others
24 THE 4th ELEMENT and SUSTAINABILITY ARGENTINIAN NO TILL FARMERS ASSOCIATION TopromotetheNo Tillsystemin order to achieve an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable agricultural activity basedontechnological, organizationaland institutional innovation, undertaking the commitment to interact with public and private organizationstoachieveanintegral developmentof ournation.
25 LOCALLY REGIONALLY GLOBALLY!!!! FOOD GROWING DEMAND THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!! SOIL + WATER + AIR SECURITY BIODIVERSITY CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION RENEWABLE ENERGIES FOOD SECURITY
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