Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer

Transcription

1 Chapter 4 Worksheet 1 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) About what percent of Earth's water can be found in the oceans? a) 97% b) 90% c) 70% d) 53% 2) All of the following are properties that make water unique among other substances on Earth EXCEPT: a) water does not participate easily in hydrogen bonding. b) water's solid phase is less dense than its liquid phase. c) water exists naturally in all three phases (solid, liquid, vapor) and changes easily from one to another. d) water is able to store large quantities of heat. 3) The attractive forces between the hydrogen atoms in one water molecule and the oxygen atoms in another molecule are known as: a) water bonds b) liquid bonds c) hydrogen bonds d) dark forces 4) Which of the following requires the GREATEST RELEASE of latent heat energy into the atmosphere? a) melting of 1 gram of water b) freezing of 1 gram of water c) evaporation of 1 gram of water d) condensation of 1 gram of water 5) In which phase do water molecules have the lowest kinetic energy? a) vapor b) liquid c) ice d) It has the same kinetic energy in all three phases. 6) Which of the following processes requires the highest RELEASE of energy from the water molecules? a) melting b) freezing c) condensation d) deposition 7) As liquid water is evaporated into the atmosphere, heat energy is: a) absorbed by the remaining liquid. b) given off by the water vapor. c) released by the evaporating water. d) absorbed by the evaporating water. e) absorbed by the surrounding air.

2 8) Evaporation is a process which tends to keep temperatures cooler where it occurs. This is because the atmosphere: a) increases the outgoing radiation. b) reduces the absorption of solar energy. c) increases the reflection of solar energy. d) uses energy to change the phase of water instead of increasing air temperature. e) increases the specific heat. 9) The two changes of state that are the most important part of the water cycle for the atmosphere would be: a) condensation, freezing. b) condensation, melting. c) melting, sublimation. d) melting, freezing. e) evaporation, condensation. 10) The heat released when water vapor condenses to form a cloud or when liquid droplets freeze in a cloud: a) makes the air heavier. b) adds water to the cloud. c) cools off the cloud. d) evaporates more water. e) helps the cloud to rise higher. 11) The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed: a) 4 percent. b) 14 percent. c) 100 percent. d) 28 percent. e) 40 percent. 12)? = mass of water vapor (grams) mass of dry air (kilograms) The formula shown above defines the humidity measure known as: a) the mixing ratio. b) absolute humidity. c) vapor pressure. d) relative humidity. 13)? = mass of water vapor (grams) volume of air (cubic meters) The formula shown above defines the humidity measure known as: a) the mixing ratio b) absolute humidity c) vapor pressure d) relative humidity

3 14) Water vapor constitutes about this much of the atmosphere by volume. a) 0 4 percent b) 0 12 percent c) percent d) 4 25 percent e) 4 12 percent 15) Refer to the diagram of a simple parcel to the left. What is the absolute humidity of this parcel? a) 0.2 g/kg b) 10 g/m3 c) 2 g/m3 d) 5 g/kg 16) Refer to the diagram of a simple parcel above. What is the mixing ratio of this parcel? a) 10 g/m3 b) 2 g/m3 c) 0.2 g/kg d) 5 g/kg 17) Refer to the diagram of a simple parcel above. What would the absolute humidity be if the volume were to double? a) 5 g/m3 b) 20 g/m3 c) 2.5 g/m3 d) The absolute humidity would remain unchanged. 18) Refer to the diagram of a simple parcel above. What would the mixing ratio be if the volume were to double? a) 5 g/m3 b) 20 g/m3 c) 2.5 g/kg d) The mixing ratio would remain unchanged. 19) Refer to the diagram of a simple parcel above. What additional information would you need in order to be able to calculate the relative humidity of this parcel? a) air pressure inside the parcel b) temperature outside of the parcel c) current temperature/capacity to hold water vapor inside the parcel d) current vapor pressure inside the parcel 20) Saturation is best defined as: a) a mixing ratio of at least 100 g/kg. b) equal numbers of water molecules evaporating from and condensing into a water surface. c) the point when water molecules completely stop evaporating from a water surface. d) a vapor pressure greater than 1000 mb.

4 21) The capacity of the air to hold water vapor: a) increases with a decrease in temperature. b) decreases with an increase in temperature. c) increases with an increase in temperature. d) increases with an increase in pressure. 22) The property which primarily controls how much water can be present as a gas is: a) number of particulates present. b) availability of latent heat. c) temperature of the air. d) water's specific heat. e) amount of dry air gases present. 23) Relative humidity indicates the: a) probability of precipitation. b) chance of cloud formation. c) chance for evaporation of water. d) nearness to saturation for the air. e) actual amount of water in the air. Circle T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false T F 24) Plants release water to the atmosphere through the process of sublimation. T F 25) More water is evaporated from the oceans than is returned to the oceans by precipitation. T F 26) The average annual precipitation for the earth is equal to the annual amount of evaporated water. T F 27) It takes 1 calorie to raise 1 gram of water 1 C. T F 28) Evaporation is a cooling process. T F 29) The formation of frost is an example of deposition. T F 30) If the temperature remains unchanged and the mixing ratio drops, the relative humidity will increase. T F 31) If the mixing ratio remains unchanged and the temperature drops, the relative humidity will increase. T F 32) When discussing the water vapor in the air, meteorologists prefer to use absolute humidity rather than mixing ratio. T F 33) Both absolute humidity and relative humidity change if the temperature of the air changes. Answer the following questions 34) Once precipitation has fallen on land, it may take one of three paths. List these three possible routes.

5 35) Plants release water to the atmosphere through the process of. 36) If you know the amount of heat it takes to melt 1 gram of water and turn it to vapor, you also know the 37) That part of the total atmospheric pressure attributable to its water vapor content is termed.