Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the answer choice that best completes each statement or best answers each question.
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1 Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Igneous Rock 1. When magma cools and hardens, it forms. 2. Most igneous rock can be identified as because the minerals in the rock usually crystallize as igneous rock forms from magma. THE FORMATION OF MAGMA In the space provided, write the letter of the answer choice that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 3. Magma forms when rock a. cools. b. solidifies. c. weathers. d. melts. 4. Rock melts when a. its temperature drops below the melting point of minerals in the rock. b. its temperature rises above the melting point of minerals in the rock. c. the air temperature reaches 38 C. d. it breaks into fragments. 5. The melting temperature of a mineral is determined by the mineral s a. size. b. color. c. chemical composition. d. physical composition. 6. Three factors that affect whether rock melts include temperature, pressure, and the a. presence of fluids in the rock. b. chemical composition of the rock. c. composition of the fluid in the rock. d. chemical-to-fluid ratio of the rock. 7. Adding fluids to hot rock generally a. increases the melting point of certain minerals in the rock. b. has no effect on the melting point of certain minerals in the rock. c. decreases the melting point of certain minerals in the rock. d. causes the rock to crystallize. Holt McDougal Earth Science 11 Rocks
2 8. The first minerals to melt have the a. highest melting point. b. lowest melting point. c. darkest color. d. lightest color. 9. The process by which different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures is called a. meltdown. b. partial melting. c. total melting. d. decomposition. 10. How does the cooling process of magma compare with the melting process? a. The cooling process is the same as the process of partial melting. b. The cooling process is slower than the process of partial melting. c. The cooling process is faster than the process of partial melting. d. The cooling process is the reverse of the process of partial melting. 11. As temperature drops, the first minerals to crystallize from magma have a. the lowest freezing point. b. the highest freezing point. c. no freezing point. d. the same freezing points. 12. The crystallization and removal of different minerals from the cooling magma, as it occurs in Bowen s reaction series, is called a. partial cooling. b. total freezing. c. crystallization. d. fractional crystallization. 13. Minerals that form during fractional crystallization a. settle in the middle of the magma chamber. b. settle at the bottom or stick to the walls and ceiling of the magma chamber. c. leave the magma chamber. d. dissolve in the magma chamber. Holt McDougal Earth Science 12 Rocks
3 14. In some crystals, why is the chemical composition of the inner part different than that of the outer part? a. The crystallization took place very quickly. b. The crystallization happened over a long period. c. The temperature of the magma changed during crystallization. d. The composition of the magma changed while the crystal was growing. TEXTURES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 15. intrusive igneous rock 16. extrusive igneous rock 17. coarse-grained texture 18. fine-grained texture 19. porphyritic texture 20. obsidian 21. vesicular texture a. the texture of quickly cooled magma that has a mixture of large and small crystals b. the texture of quickly cooled magma that contains dissolved gases that become trapped as bubbles c. the texture of igneous rock that is composed of small crystals d. rock formed from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth s surface e. rock formed by quickly cooling magma; has a glassy texture f. rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth s surface g. the texture of igneous rock that is composed of large mineral grains 22. How do intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks differ from each other? 23. What determines the texture of igneous rock? 24. What determines the size of crystals in igneous rock? 25. Large mineral crystals are commonly found in. Holt McDougal Earth Science 13 Rocks
4 26. An example of igneous rock with a coarse-grained texture is. 27. Two examples of igneous rock with a fine-grained texture are and. 28. Few crystals are able to grow when cools quickly. 29. Holes in a rock that result from rapid cooling are called. 30. An example of igneous rock that has a vesicular texture is. COMPOSITION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 31. What determines the mineral composition of an igneous rock? 32. Define felsic. 33. List five mineral components of felsic rock. 34. Name four examples of felsic rock. Holt McDougal Earth Science 14 Rocks
5 35. Define mafic. 36. List the main mineral components of mafic rock. 37. What two components are responsible for the dark color of mafic rock? 38. Name two examples of mafic rock. 39. What four minerals make up rocks in the intermediate family? 40. How does the silica content of an intermediate rock compare with that of felsic and mafic rock? 41. Name two rocks from the intermediate family. Holt McDougal Earth Science 15 Rocks
6 INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 42. intrusion 43. batholith 44. stock 45. laccolith 46. sill 47. dike a. the largest of all intrusions; spreads out at least 100 km 2 when exposed on Earth s surface b. a dome that forms when magma flows between rock layers and spreads c. an igneous rock mass that forms underground d. a mass that forms when magma flows between rock layers and hardens; lies parallel to the rock layers that surround it e. an intrusion similar to a batholith; covers less than 100 km 2 of Earth s surface f. a mass that forms when magma flows and hardens across layers of rock rather than parallel to them EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 48. extrusion 49. volcano 50. volcanic neck 51. lava flow 52. lava plateau 53. tuff a. an extrusion that takes the form of a flat mass of rock b. the volcanic rock formed when a volcano releases ash and other solid particles c. an igneous rock mass that forms on Earth s surface d. a series of lava flows that cover a vast area with thick rock e. the solidified central vent that remains after the soft parts of a volcano are eroded by wind and water f. a vent through which magma, gases, or volcanic ash is expelled Holt McDougal Earth Science 16 Rocks
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Objectives You will learn about how the land of North Dakota was formed. Introduction North Dakota is a wonderful place to live. Have you ever though about how it was formed? To answer that question, you
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