Unit 2 Diversity of Life
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1 Essential Question: A. Atomic Structure a. Defining an atom b. Structure of a nuclear atom c. Distinguishing among atoms What is an Atom? What are the three subatomic particles? What is an Element? Gizmo: Build an Element--- Due Date: Understanding Atomic Number The element nitrogen (N) has an atomic number of 7. How many protons and electrons are in a neutral nitrogen atom? Atomic Number and Mass Number Page 1 of 11
2 What is Mass Number? How are elements written? Determining the Composition of an Atom How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in each atom? What information is needed to determine the composition of a neutral atom of any element? More Practice. Page 2 of 11
3 Identify the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of the following: Activity: Subatomic Particles Due Date: What is an isotope? How are all the isotopes of elements similar? How are the atoms of one element different from the atoms of another element? How are isotopes of the same element different? Writing Chemical Symbols of Isotopes Diamonds are a naturally occurring form of elemental carbon. Two stable isotopes of carbon are carbon-12 and carbon-13. Write the symbol for each isotope using superscripts and subscripts to represent the mass number and the atomic number. More Practice. Page 3 of 11
4 The diagrams show models of carbon isotopes. Complete the diagrams by drawing in the rest of the atomic particles, including their charges. Nonradioactive carbon-13 Radioactive carbon-14 Identify two differences between carbon-12 and carbon-14. Identify two ways in which carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are alike. Why are atoms with different numbers of neutrons still considered to be the same element? Page 4 of 11
5 Part B: Bohr Diagram, Lewis Dot Structure, Formation of Ions and Compounds What part of the atom the protons and neutrons found? What do you call the part outside the nucleus of an atom? What subatomic particles are found in this part of an atom? The electron cloud is divided in energy levels. How many possible energy levels (n) are in an electron cloud? Each energy level can hold maximum number of electrons. Complete the table below: Energy Level (n) Maximum Number of Electrons Energy levels are further divided into sublevels. Each sublevel can hold maximum number of electrons only. Complete the data below. Sublevels s p d f Maximum Number of electrons Page 5 of 11
6 How do we determine the number of sublevel each energy level has? Complete the table below. Energy level (n) Sublevel Max number of electrons Draw the Bohr Diagram of the following atoms: 1. Sodium 2. Magnesium 3. Aluminum Page 6 of 11
7 4. Fluorine 5. Argon Energy levels are also call shells, thus sublevels are called subshells. What is a valence shell? What is valence electron? Lewis Electron Dot Symbol: It shows the symbol of the element plus one or more dot to represent the valence electrons. Draw the Lewis dot symbol of elements given above. Page 7 of 11
8 Octet Rule (Rule of eight): All atoms should have 8 valence electrons to become stable. What does stability mean? What elements in the periodic table have 8 valence electrons? These elements are also called. What element is stable but has only 2 valence electrons? What is the significance of valence electrons? In what ways compounds differ from their component elements differ? What is a compound? How are atoms in a compound held together? What are the two main types of compounds? Differentiate them. Page 8 of 11
9 What are ions? What are the two types of ions? How do ions form? Monoatomic Ions Cations (+) Anions (-) Why do atoms form ions? In what ways do they form ions? How would you know if an atom will lose or gain an electron? Page 9 of 11
10 C. Reading of the Periodic table What information can be displayed in a periodic table? The symbol for aluminum is printed in black. What do these colors indicate? Black Red Gray Blue What does the background color indicate? What does the column mean? How many columns are there in a periodic table? Name the group of each column Group/Family Name Page 10 of 11
11 What does the row mean? How many rows are there in a periodic table? The elements in the periodic table are generally grouped into two: Representative Elements (A group) and Transition Elements (B group). There are two types of transition elements, inner transition metals and transition metals. Using the periodic table, locate the position of the A group and the B group. Give examples of Transition metals: Give examples of Inner Transition metals: The elements in the periodic table are classified into three: Metals, non metals, and metalloids. List some properties of metals: List some properties of nonmetals: List the metalloids in the periodic table. Label your periodic table. Page 11 of 11
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