Section 2: Concentration and Solubility
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1 Section 2: In a given amount of solvent, concentration is the amount of solute actually dissolved and solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned
2 Essential Questions How are the concentrations of solutions expressed? What is solubility? What are saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions? How do pressure and temperature affect the solubility of gases?
3 Vocabulary Review solution New concentration solubility saturated solution unsaturated solution supersaturated solution
4 Concentration A solution can be described as concentrated containing a large amount of solute, or dilute containing a little amount of solute The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute actually dissolved in a given amount of solvent. One way is to state the percentage by volume of the solute.
5 How much can dissolve? Comparing solubilities Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. Often expressed as grams of solute per 100g of water (g/100 g water) Solubility can vary based on temperature, pressure, and other factors
6 Types of Solutions Saturated solutions Saturated solution is a solution that contains all of the solute that it can hold at a given temperture Generally, as the temperature of a liquid solvent increases, the amount of solid solute it can dissolve also increases. Solubility curves can be used to determine how much solute will dissolve at any temperature given on the graph
7 Types of Solutions Unsaturated solutions An unsaturated solution is any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature. Each time a saturated solution is heated to a higher temperature, it becomes unsaturated.
8 Types of Solutions Supersaturated solutions A supersaturated solution is one that contains more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature. Supersaturated solutions are unstable.
9 Solution Energy The formation of some solutions are exothermic they give off energy Some substances need outside energy to dissolve, they are endothermic Reusable hot and cold packs are examples of exo- and endothermic solutions.
10 Solubility of Gases Pressure effects One way to increase the solubility of gases in liquid is to increase the pressure. Soft drinks are bottled so that the pressure inside the bottle is higher than the pressure outside this is why they bubble when opened.
11 Solubility of Gases Temperature effects Another way to increase the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is to cool the liquid. This is why soft drinks stay bubblier when kept cold
12 Solubility of Gases ph effects The ph of a solution is the measure of its acidity. If a gas forms an acid in solution, it will dissolve more easily in a base. If a gas forms a base in solution, it will dissolve more easily in an acid.
13 Review Essential Questions How are the concentrations of solutions expressed? What is solubility? What are saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions? How do pressure and temperature affect the solubility of gases? Vocabulary concentration solubility saturated solution unsaturated solution supersaturated solution
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