Unit 4 Lesson 4 Early Indian Empires and Achievements

Transcription

1 Unit 4 Lesson 4 Early Indian Empires and Achievements

2 Lesson 4 Indian Empires Daily Warm-Up Directions read the False statements below. Rewrite the sentence in your workbook, replacing the underlined word with the one from the one from the word bank that makes each sentence True. Word Bank Asoka northern Candra Gupta II Hun caste 1. In the 320s BC a military leader named Candragupta Maurya seized control of the entire southern part of India. 2. Siddhartha Gautama was a strong ruler, the strongest of all the Mauryan emperors. 3. Under the rule of Theravada, Indian society continued to grow, the economy strengthened, and people prospered. 4. Rulers of the Gupta dynasty were supportive of the Hindu missionary system of social order. 5. India was firmly under Gupta control until the late 400s, when Jainist armies invaded India from the northwest. 6. A shop rents book for 2 silver coins each, after one pays a membership fee of 10 silver coins. Ping has spent a total of 26 silver coins. How many books has he rented?

3 Generalization: Leaders impact both their own people and other peoples Big Idea The Mauryas and the Guptas built great empires in India and made great contributions to the arts and sciences.

4 Mauryan Empire - founded by Candragupta Maurya in the 320s BC - controlled northern India, and later central India empire lasted about 150 years - complex government system - large army and network of spies - war elephants and chariots - heavy tax on farmers - became a Jainist monk in 301 BC - had to give up his throne passed to his son

5 Asoka - Candragupta s grandson, became king around 270 BC - strongest of Mauryan rulers - extended rule over most of India - took part in battles of conquest - converted to Buddhism - ended wars of conquest - new goals - improve the lives of his people - wells and roads throughout empire - encouraged the spread of Buddhism - end of the empire - Asoka died in 233 BC - sons fought each other for power - outside invaders BC, last Mauryan king killed by one of his own generals. - divided into smaller states -explain- how did becoming a Buddhist change Asoka s behavior? He worked to improve his people s lives and spread Buddhism

6 After the Fall - India remained divided for 500 years - Buddhism prospered and spread - Hinduism declined

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8 Gupta Empire - gained control and reunited India around 320 BC Candra Gupta I - conquered neighboring lands northern India Samuda Gupta - son - brilliant military leader who expanded empire to the Ganges River Candra Gupta II - high point of empire - expanded empire across all of northern India

9 Gupta Society - Hinduism became India s major religion because rulers were Hindus - built Hindu temples - revived Hindu writings - allowed and supported Buddhism and Jainism - built Buddhist temples - promoted Buddhist art - established university at Nalanda - economy strengthened and people prospered - support of art and literature - used caste system to strengthen rule and stabilize empire -summarize- what led to the decline of the Gupta Empire? -predict- how do you think India would be different today if the Gupta rulers had not taken over? The Huns from Central Asia invaded from the northwest; their armies attacked and marched deep into India Might be primarily Buddhist summarizing what was the Gupta dynasty s position on religion? Even though Gupta rulers were Hindus, they supported the beliefs of Buddhism and Jainism

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11 Ruler Dynasty Accomplishments Candragupta Maurya Mauryan founded the Mauryan empire gave up his throne to become a Jainist monk Asoka Mauryan extended Mauryan rule converted to Buddhism improved people s lives spread Buddhism Candra Gupta I Gupta first Gupta emperor brought much of the northern part of India under his control Candra Gupta II Gupta expanded empire Gupta society at its height

12 - Huns began to invade in the late 400s - Empire ended in the middle 500s - India again divided into many small kingdoms

13 1. Movement What physical features influenced the empires ability to control their territory? 2. Generalization Based on the map and what you know about arable lands, what geographic features were vital for the success of these empires?

14 Scientific Advances Metalworking - pioneers of metallurgy - high quality tools and weapons - created alloys - worked in iron - built the Iron Pillar near Delhi -compare- how were metallurgy and alloys connected? Creating alloys or mixtures of two or more metals, was a skill within metallurgy that ancient Indians developed

15 Mathematics and Other Sciences - Math - developed many elements of our modern math system - our number system is really the Hindu-Arabic numbers - created the zero - Medical Sciences - created medical textbooks as early as plants and mineral medicines to cure disease - inoculation to protect against disease - performed surgery - still used magic spells if nothing else worked - Astronomy - 7 planets in our solar system - sun was a star and planets revolved around it - round earth that rotated - predict eclipses -describe- what were some operations that Indian surgeons could perform? Fixing broken bones, treating wounds, removing infected tonsils, reconstructing broken noses, reattaching torn earlobes -draw inferences- since the Indians did not have telescopes, how did they become expert astronomers? Careful, systematic observations and recordkeeping -evaluate- which of the ancient Indians achievements do you think is most impressive? Why?

16 -compare and contrast- what was one similarity between the Mauryas and the Guptas? What was one difference between them? Both unified much of India; Mauryan rulers promoted Buddhism, while Gupta rulers promoted Hinduism -religion what is one teaching that Buddhism and Hinduism share? What is one idea about which they differ? Both share belief in reincarnation; Hinduism supported the caste system, while Buddhism did not Geography politics technology and innovation religion 1. subcontinent, Himalayas, Khyber Pass, Indus Valley 2. Hinduism, Brahmanism, Buddhism, Jainism 3. Candragupta Maurya, Asoka, Candra Gupta II 4. Ajanta, Sanskrit, metallurgy, inoculation

17 1. Was Chola part of the Maurya Empire? 2. The mountains northeast of the Mauryo Empire were the 3. Pataliputra was near the River 4. Was Ceylon part of either empire? 5. Which empire was larger? 6. The River was south of the Ganges River 7. Name the river northeast of the Gupto Empire 8. The River was in the western part of the Mauryo Empire 9. Name the body of water west of Chola 10. Name the body of water northeast of Ceylon