Photovoltaics in Brazil: Market, Policy Trends and Choice of PV Technology

Transcription

1 Photovoltaics in Brazil: Market, Policy Trends and Choice of PV Technology Prof. Ricardo Rüther Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC & Instituto para o Desenvolvimento das Energias Alternativas na América Latina - IDEAL

2 THE BRAZILIAN INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM 98.3% of the eletricity in Brazil 8.5 million km 2

3 WHAT MAKES MORE SENSE? First Solar Desert Center- CA, 550 MWp (AC) 3 years to build (~ 500 ha)!

4 WHAT MAKES MORE SENSE? Eletrosul s Energy Efficient House Florianópolis, Brazil

5 WHAT MAKES MORE SENSE?

6 PV IN BRAZIL: DISTRIBUTED X CENTRALISED Distributed PV: ANEEL RN 482/2012 (net metering) - Microgenerators: up to 100 kwp - Minigenerators: 100 kwp to 1000 kwp (self-consumption, connected to the utility grid via end-user grid-connection) Centralised PV: Megawatt-range solar farms that commercialise eletricity in governmentregulated energy auctions ( leilão de energia ) => R$228,63/MWh ( ~ 75 Euro/MWh)

7 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil?

8 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil? R&D project: 3 MWp PV power plant + 8 evalua^on sites 3MWp PV power plant 8 evaluation sites (~ 70kWp each) Região Climática Local Cidade Sul - Litoral Parque Ambiental do CTJL Capivari de Baixo/SC Sul - Interior UHE Ita Aratiba/RS Centro-Oeste UHE Ponte de Pedra Itiquira/MT Norte Vila Nova Mutum Paraná (Jirau) Porto Velho/RO Nordeste - Interior Campus UFC Juazeiro do Norte/CE Nordeste - Litoral UTE Fortaleza Caucaia/CE Sudeste - Interior UHE Cachoeira Dourada Cachoeira Dourada/GO Sudeste - Litoral SE da Ampla Búzios/RJ

9 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil? 8 idenmcal test sites using 7 commercially available PV technologies: 1) CPV (InGaP/GaAs/Ge): 53.5 m kwp (4m 2 /kwp) 820 Suns (38.5% eff) 0.1 o tracking accuracy 2) mono- Si: 58.8m kWp (6.3m 2 /kwp) 3) mul^- Si: 64.3m kWp (7m 2 /kwp) 4) a- Si: 140.7m 2 9kWp (15.6m 2 /kwp) 5) a- Si/µc- Si: 100m kWp (11m 2 /kwp) 6) CdTe: 80.6m kWp (9m 2 /kwp) 7) CIGS: 81.5m kWp (8.9m 2 /kwp)

10 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil? Thin Film PV: ~ 20% em 2008 Thin Film PV: < 10% em 2013 Are Thin Film PV technologies out of the picture?

11 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil? Overview of Temperature Coefficients of Different Thin Film Photovoltaic Technologies A. Virtuani, D. Pavanello, G. Friesen Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana (SUPSI) Is^tuto per la Sostenibilità Applicata all Ambiente Costruito (ISAAC), Canobbio CH- 6952, Switzerland 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibi^on / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain

12 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil? ~ 2 km x 2 km First Solar Desert Center- CA, 550 MWp (AC) 3 years to build (~ 500 ha) Has a 28.5% larger footprint than it would have if mulm- Si were used!

13 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil?

14 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil?

15 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil? Mineirão Solar CEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

16 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil? Pituaçu Solar COELBA, Salvador, Brazil

17 Choice of PV Technologies: What is (are) the best technology(ies) for PV projects in Brazil? Maracanã Solar LIGHT, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

18 SPECTRAL EFFECTS ON PV DEVICE PERFORMANCE Es^ma^va da distribuição espectral da radiação solar sobre o território brasileiro através de análise mul^instrumental Tese de Doutorado - Rafael Haag 2012 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, orientador: Prof. Arno Krenzinger

19 Es^ma^va da distribuição espectral da radiação solar sobre o território brasileiro através de análise mul^instrumental Tese de Doutorado - Rafael Haag 2012 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, orientador: Prof. Arno Krenzinger

20 BRAZILIAN SOLAR IRRADIATION ATLAS Global Horizontal, Direct Normal, La^tude Tilted and Diffuse 10 x 10 km resolu^on hvp:// content/themes/ccst- 2.0/pdf/atlas_solar- reduced.pdf

21 HOW IS THE SOLAR RADIATION RESOURCE DISTRIBUTED OVER THE BRAZILIAN TERRITORY Assessing the poten^al of concentra^ng solar photovoltaic genera^on in Brazil with satellite- derived direct normal irradia^on T. S. Viana, R. Rüther, F. R. Mar^ns & E. B. Pereira, Solar Energy, Vol. 85 (2011)

22 DATA LOGGING TIME RESOLUTION EFFECTS ON INVERTER SIZING % da irradiação (média histórica ) % da irradiação (Dados Sintéticos) % do desvio relativo ( média histórica e dados sintéticos) 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% - 1% - 2% - 3% - 4% - 5% Irradiância (W/m²) Irradiância (W/m²) Irradiância (W/m²) This is reality (15 year measurements) This is what PVSyst will use for PV system sizing

23 DATA LOGGING TIME RESOLUTION EFFECTS ON INVERTER SIZING Inverter sizing of grid- connected PV systems in the light of local solar resource distribu^on characteris^cs and temperature B. Burger & R. Rüther, Solar Energy, Vol. 80 (2006)

24 DATA LOGGING TIME RESOLUTION EFFECTS ON INVERTER SIZING Inverter sizing of grid- connected PV systems in the light of local solar resource distribu^on characteris^cs and temperature B. Burger & R. Rüther, Solar Energy, Vol. 80 (2006)

25 DATA LOGGING TIME RESOLUTION EFFECTS ON INVERTER SIZING Inverter sizing of grid- connected PV systems in the light of local solar resource distribu^on characteris^cs and temperature B. Burger & R. Rüther, Solar Energy, Vol. 80 (2006)

26 DATA LOGGING TIME RESOLUTION EFFECTS ON INVERTER SIZING Inverter sizing of grid- connected PV systems in the light of local solar resource distribu^on characteris^cs and temperature B. Burger & R. Rüther, Solar Energy, Vol. 80 (2006)

27 ?The D radia^o minus t?the S whethe the WM W.m - 2, u radia^o radia^o?the r correcte DUST EFFECTS UNFORTUNATE ON PV MODULE INCIDENT PERFORMANCE What it?the S sensor w 1. T 2. D 3. S?The S betwee

28 The Seven Errors Game: What is Wrong With This Picture?

29 How professional is the Brazilian PV market?

30 How professional is the Brazilian PV market?

31 How professional is the Brazilian PV market?

32 How professional is the Brazilian PV market?

33 THE NEW TREND

34 THE NEW TREND

35 Founded in 2007 ( based in Florianópolis- SC Established to disseminate RE technologies in La^n American countries America do Sol ( Solar Stadia Project Solar Airports Project ABOUT INSTITUTO IDEAL Energia + Limpa Annual Seminar Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Annual Graduate Student Essay Award (Prêmio EcoLógicas) Solar PV Label, Solar Pocketbook, Solar Simulator, Solar Fund, Step- by- step net metering guide, Solar Companies Map (google earth environment) Partnership with German Coopera^on Program through GIZ and KfW

36 América do Sol Promote PV Disseminate knowledge Encourage new projects Solar Stadia Solar Airports Solar Roofs o Solar Simulator o Solar Fund o 50 Telhados o Handbooks Solar Label Solar Universities

37 Solar Stadia Maracanã Solar Light/EDF 390 kwp Minas Solar 2014 Cemig 1,42 MWp Pituaçu Solar Coelba 400kWp

38 Solar Stadia Arena Pernambuco Neoenergia/Odebrecht Potência : 1 MWp Fonte Nova Neoenergia Potência : 400 kwp Mané Garrincha CEB Geração Potência: ~2 MWp

39 Brazilian Solar Label Objective: To encourage PV generation Target public: Free consumers and self-producers Label usage: Publicity actions Activities: Proposal preparation Discuss with different sectors Market research Design of the mark Rules definition Support

40 Brazilian Solar Label Free Energy Consumers Market 1. Submission of a buying contract 2. Long-term contract ( 5 years) Self consumption 1. Registration at BIG/ANEEL 3. Minimum consumption of solar energy: Tariff s subgroup Minimum annually consumption (MWh) A A2 500 A3 200 A3a 100 A4, B1, B2, B3 50 Or: Minimum consuption of 50% solar electricity

41 Educational material Animated video Available at: Why? Novelty X Distrust Information X Reliability

42 Step-by-step for net metering PV systems hvp://

43 ...Plant designer? Mapping Companies on the Brazilian PV Market Where to find......inversors?...pv modules? Almost 300 companies...installers? Find it at:

44 Solar Simulator

45 Photovoltaics in Brazil: Market, Policy Trends and Choice of PV Technology Prof. Ricardo Rüther Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC & Instituto para o Desenvolvimento das Energias Alternativas na América Latina - IDEAL