AT 350 EXAM #2 March 25, 2008

Transcription

1 This exam covers Ahrens Chapters 3 through 6, plus related lecture notes Write the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _E C B_ 1. As the air temperature increases, with no addition of water vapor to the air, the dew point will: a. remain the same b. increase c. decrease d. increase and become equal to the air temperature 2. Suppose saturated polar air has an air temperature and dew point of -10 o C, and unsaturated desert air has an air temperature of 35 o C and a dew point of 10 o C. The desert air contains water vapor and has a relative humidity than the polar air. a. more, lower b. more, higher c. less, lower d. less, higher 3. On a clear, calm, night, the ground and air above cool mainly by this process: a. evaporation b. reflection c. convection d. conduction e. radiation 4. During the course of a year the sun will disappear from view near the North Pole on what date? a. June 21 b. September 23 c. December 23 d. January 1 e. March The processes of condensation and freezing: a. both release sensible heat into the environment b. both absorb sensible heat from the environment c. do not affect the temperature of their surroundings d. do not involve energy transport 6. The change of state of ice into water vapor is known as: a. deposition b. sublimation c. melting d. condensation e. crystallization 7. The temperature to which air must be cooled in order to become saturated is the: a. minimum temperature b. dew point temperature c. wet-bulb temperature d. freezing point 8. Air that rises always a. contracts and warms b. contracts and cools c. expands and cools d. expands and warms 9. The change of state of ice into water vapor is known as: [OOPS: Duplicate question!] a. deposition Exam form A Page 1

2 b. sublimation c. melting d. condensation e. crystallization 10. As the air temperature increases, the air's capacity for water vapor: a. increases b. decreases c. remains constant d. is unrelated to air temperature and can either increase or decrease _E 11. The north-facing side of a hill in a mountainous region in the US tends to: a. receive less sunlight during a year than the south-facing side b. grow a variety of trees that are typically observed at higher elevation c. be a better location for a ski run than the south-facing side d. have snow on the ground for a longer period of time in winter compared to the southfacing side e. all of the above 12. During the afternoon the greatest temperature difference between the surface air and the air several meters above occurs on a: a. clear, calm afternoon b. clear, windy afternoon c. cloudy, calm afternoon d. cloudy, windy afternoon _D 13. The heat energy released when water vapor changes to a liquid is called: a. latent heat of evaporation b. latent heat of fusion c. latent heat of fission d. latent heat of condensation C_ 14. If a glass of water were surrounded by saturated air: a. the level of the water in the glass would slowly decrease b. the water's temperature would slowly increase c. the level of the water in the glass would not change d. the water's temperature would slowly decrease _E 15. The main reason(s) for warm summers in middle latitudes is that: a. the earth is closer to the sun in summer b. the sun is higher in the sky and we receive more direct solar radiation c. the days are longer d. all of the above e. only (b) and (c) are correct 16. Which of the following will increase in a rising parcel of air? a. saturation vapor pressure b. relative humidity c. mixing ratio d. air temperature e. none of the above Exam form A Page 2

3 17. In the Northern Hemisphere, this day has the fewest hours of daylight: a. summer solstice b. winter solstice c. vernal equinox d. autumnal equinox _C 18. If the air temperature increased, with no addition or removal of water vapor, the actual vapor pressure would: a. increase b. decrease c. stay the same d. become greater than the saturation vapor pressure 19. The only substance near the earth's surface that is found naturally in the atmosphere as a solid, liquid, and a gas: a. carbon dioxide b. water c. molecular oxygen d. ozone e. carbon _D 20. If the air temperature in a room is 70 o F, the saturation vapor pressure is 25 mb, the dew point temperature is 45 o F, and the actual vapor pressure is 10 mb, then the relative humidity must be near percent. a. 15 b. 20 c. 35 d. 40 _B_ 21. In most areas the warmest time of the day about 5 feet above the ground occurs: a. around noon b. in the afternoon between 2 and 5 pm c. in the early evening after 6 pm d. just before the sun sets E_ 22. Over the earth as a whole, one would expect to observe the smallest variation in temperature from day to day and from month to month: a. at the North Pole b. in the center of a large land mass c. along the Pacific coast of North America d. high in the mountains in the middle of a continent e. on a small island near the equator _B_ 23. An example of orographic clouds would be: a. clouds forming over a warm ocean current b. clouds forming on the windward slope of a mountain c. clouds forming behind a jet airplane d. clouds formed by surface heating 24. If a parcel of unsaturated air with a temperature of 30 o C rises from the surface to an altitude of 1000 m, the unsaturated parcel temperature at this altitude would be about: a. 10 o C warmer than at the surface b. 10 o C colder than at the surface c. 6 o C colder than at the surface d. impossible to tell from the data given Exam form A Page 3

4 25. Which statement below best describes the curvature effect? a. Large cloud droplets fall faster than small droplets b. small droplets evaporate more quickly than large droplets c. small droplets collide and coalesce more easily than larger droplets d. explains the six-sided shape of ice crystals _C 26. Condensation onto hygroscopic nuclei is possible at relative humidities less than 100 percent due to the: a. curvature effect b. electrical charge on these nuclei c. solute effect d. crystalline structure of these nuclei C_ 27. The dry adiabatic lapse rate is greater than the moist adiabatic lapse rate. a. never b. sometimes c. always 28. Suppose it is a winter night and at about 11 pm the air cools to the dew-point temperature and a thick radiation fog develops. If the air continues to cool during the night, in 5 hours the dew point temperature will probably: a. decrease as the air becomes drier b. decrease as the air becomes moister c. increase as the air becomes drier d. increase as the air becomes moister 29. Which cloud will have the highest base? a. cirrostratus b. cumulonimbus c. altostratus d. cumulus 30. Dew is most likely to form on: a. clear, calm nights b. cloudy, calm nights c. clear, windy nights d. cloudy, windy nights e. rainy nights 31. The rate at which the actual air temperature changes with increasing height above the surface is referred to as the: a. environmental lapse rate b. dry adiabatic rate c. moist adiabatic rate d. thermocline _C 32. Particles that serve as surfaces on which water vapor may condense are called: a. hydrophobic nuclei b. nacreous nuclei c. condensation nuclei d. scud 33. At the same sub-freezing temperature, the saturation vapor pressure just above a liquid water surface is the saturation vapor pressure above an ice surface. a. greater than b. the same as c. less than Exam form A Page 4

5 _D 34. The difference between the "moist" and "dry" adiabatic rates is due to: a. the fact that saturated air is always unstable b. the fact that an unsaturated air parcel expands more rapidly than a saturated air parcel c. the fact that moist air weighs less than dry air d. the fact that latent heat is released by a rising parcel of saturated air _D 35. On a clear, windy day, the depth to which mixing occurs above the surface depends upon: a. the wind speed b. surface heating c. the landscape d. all of the above 36. A rising parcel of air that does not exchange heat with its surroundings is an example of a. isothermal ascent b. an adiabatic process c. forced lifting d. advection _C _ 37. Which cloud type would most likely form in absolutely stable air? a. cumulus congestus b. cumulonimbus c. stratus d. altocumulus _C 38. Cirrus clouds are composed primarily of: a. water droplets b. water vapor c. ice particles d. salt aerosols _C 39. The dry adiabatic lapse rate results from a balance between: a. Radiation and latent heating b. Convection and the pressure gradient c. Enthalpy and gravitational potential energy d. Solute and curvature effects C_ 40. Atmospheric stability is enhanced by: a. Cooling aloft or warming near the surface b. Strong winds c. Warming aloft or cooling near the surface d. Condensation of cloud or fog droplets _D 41. Cumulus clouds are more likely to form when: a. The environmental lapse rate is less than moist adiabatic b. A parcel is forced to rise as wind blows over a mountain range c. Fog droplets fall as drizzle d. The environmental lapse rate is greater than dry adiabatic A_ 42. Over the Sahara Desert: a. Less solar energy is absorbed than escapes as longwave emissions b. Fog is formed when evaporation exceeds precipitation c. More solar energy is absorbed than is lost as longwave radiation d. Salt crystals form on the ground 43. Net accumulation of solar heating in excess of longwave cooling in the deep tropics is balanced by: a. Latent heat of evaporation b. Export of energy by winds and ocean currents c. Heavy precipitation d. Volcanic emissions Exam form A Page 5