4. Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode 2
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1 MC. Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode Applicable CivilFEM Product: All CivilFEM Products Level of Difficulty: Moderate Interactive Time Required: minutes Discipline: Structural Concrete Analysis Type: Linear static Element Type Used: BEAM Active Code Eurocode Units System N, m, s. CivilFEM Features Demonstrated: Units selection, code selection, material definition, section definition by dimensions, axial and bending reinforcement checking, shear reinforcement checking, axial and bending reinforcement design, shear reinforcement design. Problem Description This example illustrates the Eurocode designing criteria for a typical concrete constrained frame. We will use the program skills to check the frame reinforcement and to design the appropriate one if necessary. We will check for axial force, bending moment Z and shear in the Y direction. We are not considering the self-weight of the reinforced frame. Nevertheless we will apply a distributed load along the left column. L Y W H D Z B L - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
2 Loads: W = 0 kn/m L = 60 kn/m Frame geometrical dimensions: Length Height L = 6 m H = m Section properties: Dimensions: Width Depth B = 0. m D = 0. m Material: Concrete C0/0 Steel S00 c=. s=. Reinforcement: Bending reinforcement: Group 6 mm at face number (Scalable) Bending reinforcement: Group 6 mm at face number (Scalable) Shear reinforcement: 0 mm / 0 cm Given The load distribution, the section geometrical dimensions, material properties and safety factors for concrete and steel reinforcement are shown in the previous table. Approach and Assumptions We will use D elastic beam elements for this analysis. Model geometry will be defined by direct generation of nodes and elements. - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
3 Summary of Steps Preprocessing. Specify title. Set units. Set code. Define material. Define element type 6. Define section 7. Define bending reinforcement properties 8. Define shear reinforcement properties 9. Define Beam & Shell properties 0. Define nodes and elements. Save the database Solution. Apply displacement constraints. Apply load. Solve Postprocessing. Enter the postprocessor and read in results 6. Checking under D bending moment and axial force 7. Review elements and No 8. Plot an interaction diagram 9. Checking under shear force in Y axis 0. Review elements and No. Design for bending moment and axial force. Review designed reinforcement for bending moment and axial force. Design for shear force in Y axis. Review designed reinforcement for shear force. Exit the ANSYS program - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
4 Interactive Step-by-Step Solution Preprocessing. Specify title Utility Menu: File Change title Enter the title: Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode to define the title and close the dialog box.. Set units Utility Menu: CivilFEM Civil Setup to accept meters, seconds and newtons and close the units dialog box - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
5 . Set code Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Setup Pick on the Codes tab to set active code and close the code dialog box.. Define material Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Materials Choose New Select concrete material type Choose EC: C0/0 concrete Add to define material Select Reinforcing steel material type Choose EC: S00 reinforcing steel Add to define material and Exit. Ok to define material properties and close the dialog box - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
6 -6 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
7 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
8 . Define element type We will make use of BEAM. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Element Types Civil Beams Select D Elastic Beam to define element type 6. Define section First, we will define the section geometry and then we will introduce the reinforcements. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Cross Sections Pick on the Concrete button to define a concrete section -8 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
9 6 7 8 Choose rectangular shape Enter 0. as depth (TKY) Enter 0. as width (TKZ) Enter Rectangular Section as Name To draw the rectangular section click with the right button on the window Ok to define Concrete Section Exit to close dialog box -9 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
10 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
11 7. Define bending reinforcement properties To define the bending reinforcement we have to take into account the following facts: a) Number of reinforcement groups to be defined. b) Material of reinforcement group. c) Class of reinforcement group. d) Amount of reinforcement per group. e) Location of reinforcement group. We will define two reinforcement groups as it was indicated in the section s graph. The characteristics of the reinforcement of group are shown in the following table: Group Reinforcement material Material (S 00) Reinforcement class Scalable Diameter 6 mm Number of bars Face number Geometrical cover 0.0 m The characteristics of the reinforcement group are shown in the following table: Group Reinforcement material Material (S 00) Reinforcement class Scalable Diameter 6 mm Number of bars Face number Geometrical cover 0.0 m First, we will define the reinforcement group : Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Cross Sections Select the Reinforced Concrete section Pick on the Modify button Edit Reinforcement Groups - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
12 - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
13 New Reinforcement Select material as material for bars Select Reinforcement at Face Enter 0.0 for Geometrical cover Specify reinforcement distribution by number of bars Select 6 mm as Diameter of Bars Select Bars at both ends at MC Enter as number of bars Ok to define reinforcement group - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
14 New Reinforcement - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
15 Select material as material for bars Select Reinforcement at Face Enter 0.0 for Geometrical cover Specify reinforcement distribution by number of bars Select 6 mm as Diameter of Bars Select Bars at both ends at MC Enter as number of bars Ok - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
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17 8. Define shear reinforcement properties In order to define the shear reinforcement we have to take into account the following considerations: a) Angles between the stirrups and the element local axis X. b) Shear reinforcement amount. Shear reinforcement Angle Diameter Spacing of stirrups Number of legs 90 o 0 mm 0. m Click New Reinforcement -7 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
18 Pick on the Shear tab Enter for reinforcement material Enter 90 as angle with X axis (by default = 90 º ) Select By number of bars Enter as number of legs in one stirrup. Enter 0. as distance between stirrups Select 0 mm as diameter of bars -8 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
19 0 0 Exit -9 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
20 9. Define Beam & Shell properties CivilFEM command ~BMSHPRO will be used to define ANSYS real constants. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocessor Beam & Shell pro Pick on the New Beam button Select cross section number Enter Concrete Beam as Name for the Beam property Select element type BEAM -0 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
21 6 Ok Exit 6 - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
22 0. Define nodes and elements Frame geometry definition implies the creation of nodes and elements. The steps that you must follow are: a) Define nodes coordinates in active coordinate system b) Define elements Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Nodes In Active CS Enter as node Introduce the coordinates of node Pick on apply 6 Enter as node Introduce the coordinates of node Pick on apply 6 - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
23 7 8 9 Enter as node Introduce the coordinates of node Pick on apply Enter as node Introduce the coordinates of node 0 Now we are going to introduce the rest of the nodes by filling between nodes. Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Nodes Fill between Nds Select node Select node - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
24 6 Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No Select node Select node - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
25 Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No. 0 - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
26 Select node Select node Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No. -6 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
27 Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No. Now we are going to introduce the first element between nodes and 6 Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Elements Auto Numbered Thru Nodes + Pick on nodes and 6-7 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
28 Copy the first defined element a total of times, incrementing the nodes number by. Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Copy Elements Auto Numbered Pick on the existing element Enter as Total number of the copies including the original- Enter as Node number increment Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No. -8 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
29 Y Z X Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No. -9 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
30 . Save the database Before going to the next step, we will save all we have done so far. The save operation will save the database to file.db and file.cfdb Toolbar: CFSAVE -0 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
31 SOLUTION. Apply displacement constraints Main Menu: Solution Loads Apply Structural Displacement On Nodes + Pick on the nodes and Choose All DOF Click to close dialog box - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
32 . Apply load Main Menu: Solution Loads Apply Structural Pressure On Beams Pick Box Press and drag the left mouse button to form a box around the top beam elements Apply Enter 60e as pressure value Choose Apply - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
33 Y Z X Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No Pick Box Press and drag the left mouse button to form a box around the left beam elements Enter 0e as pressure value Y Z X Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No. - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
34 Y Z X Frame Reinforcement by Eurocode No.. Solve - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
35 Main Menu: Solution Solve Current LS - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
36 Postprocessing. Enter the postprocessor and read in results You must select the load step from you want to read results data from CivilFEM results file. This results file contains the calculated forces, moments and stresses. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postproces Read Results By Load Step Enter in the Load Step number box to read load step 6. Checking under D bending moment and axial force Now we are going to check the frame under bending moment and axial force according to Eurocode provisions. We will check bending on element local plane XY (bending Mz) which is the default value. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Code Checking Eurocode CHECK BY CODE Beams & Solid D Axial+Bend to check bending moment Mz according to Eurocode -6 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
37 7. Review elements and No In order to review the checked results according to Eurocode, we are going to plot the elements and No in accordance with the code criteria for checking under bending moment and axial force. In this graph, elements that satisfy Eurocode specifications for the requested check are plotted in green, while elements that do not satisfy the code provisions are plotted in red. Elements plotted in grey are elements that have not been checked. Y Frame Reinforcement By Eurocode no. Z X Main Menu: - CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Code Checking Eurocode BEAM RESULTS: Plot Results Choose Axial+Bending Elements /No -7 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
38 8. Plot an interaction diagram We are going to select a non-valid element, for example element, and we will get the Ultimate Axial Force Ultimate Bending Moment Interaction Diagram of the section, for bending on the element local plane XY, (moment Mz). Main Menu: - CivilFEM Civil Postproces Code Checking Eurocode BEAM RESULTS: Interac Diag D Plot Pick one element No Select node J -8 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
39 To close this window pick on the exit button 9. Check under shear force in Y axis Now we are going to check the column elements under shear force in the Y direction, following Eurocode provisions. Main Menu: - CivilFEM Civil Postproces Code Checking Eurocode CHECK BY CODE: Beams & Solid Shear & Torsion Choose Shear Y 0. Review elements Ok and No -9 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
40 As we did for checking under bending moment and axial force, we are going to review the valid and non-valid elements according to Eurocode criteria for checking under shear force. Main Menu: - CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Code Checking Eurocode BEAM RESULTS: Plot Results Choose Elem -0 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
41 . Design for bending moment and axial force In this step, we are going to design the reinforcements for bending moment and axial force, to check if we satisfy the active code criteria. For this calculation, we will define the minimum and maximum allowable reinforcement ratios. During the design process, the program will always consider a reinforcement ratio equal or higher than WMIN times the reinforcement initially placed in the section. Main Menu: - CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Code Checking Eurocode DESIGN BY CODE: -Beams & Solid D Axial + Bend Select plane XY (Mz) as Elem. Local Plane Bend Enter 0. as Omega Min. Enter as Omega Max.. Review designed reinforcement for bending moment and axial force First we are going to plot the designed reinforcement factor. Main Menu: - CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Code Checking Eurocode BEAM RESULTS: Plot Results Choose REINFACT - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
42 . Design for shear force in Y axis Now, we are going to design for shear force in Y to check if all elements satisfy the active code criteria. Main Menu: - CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Code Checking Eurocode DESIGN BY CODE: - Beams & Solid Shear & Torsion - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
43 Select shear Y as type of check. Review designed reinforcement for shear force We are going to plot the designed reinforcement for shear force. Main Menu: - CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Code Checking Eurocode BEAM RESULTS: Plot Results Choose Shear Design Choose Area Rnf/Length - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
44 . Exit the ANSYS program ANSYS Toolbar: QUIT Pick on Save Everything option - CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver..
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