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1 Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Chapter Vocabulary Review Matching On the lines provided, match the term with its definition. 1. cell 2. cell membrane 3. cell wall 4. nucleus 5. cytoplasm 6. prokaryote 7. eukaryote 8. organelle 9. chromatin 10. phagocytosis a. organism whose cells contain a nucleus b. granular material visible within the nucleus c. the basic unit of life d. specialized structures within a cell that perform important cell functions e. organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus f. strong supporting layer around the cell membrane that protects the cell g. process by which extensions of cytoplasm engulf large particles h. large structure that contains the cell s genetic information i. thin, flexible barrier around the cell j. portion of the cell outside the nucleus Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter that best completes the sentence or answers the question. 11. The small dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins is called the a. nucleolus. b. nuclear envelope. c. chloroplast. d. vacuole. 12. The network of protein filaments that help maintain the shape of the cell is called the a. nucleus. b. mitochondrion. c. cytoskeleton. d. ribosomes. 13. Which organelles can use energy from sunlight to create energy-rich food molecules? a. lysosomes b. Golgi apparati c. vacuoles d. chloropasts 14. What is the process by which material is taken into the cell by infoldings of the cell membrane? a. diffusion b. endocytosis c. osmosis d. exocytosis 15. The fourth, and highest, level of organization in a multicellular organism is a. cell specialization. b. a tissue. c. an organ system. d. an organ. 35

2 Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the structures found in an animal cell that correspond with the numbers in the diagram. Ribosome (attached) Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope 16. Cell membrane Centrioles Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences. 20. The distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information of the cell are called. 21. Particles tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in a process known as. 22. The double-layered sheet that makes up nearly all cell membranes is called the. 23. The process in which water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane is called. 24. The process by which a protein channel allows molecules to cross the cell membrane is called. 25. The process that requires an input of energy to help material move from an area of lower concentration to an area of greater concentration is called. 36

3 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Look at the diagrams below. Label the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Nucleus Organelles Use the diagrams to answer the question. 1. Explain why you labeled each diagram as you did. Compare and contrast the two types of cells by completing the table. Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Cell membrane present Nucleus Cell size present large Complexity simple Answer the questions. Circle the correct answer. 2. What type of cells makes up your body? prokaryotic eukaryotic 3. What type of cell is a bacterial cell? prokaryotic eukaryotic 8

4 Plant Cell Use the words below to label the plant cell. Some structures have already been labeled for you. cell wall mitochondrion ribosome chloroplast nucleus vacuole Plant Cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus cell membrane rough endoplasmic reticulum Use the diagram to answer the questions. 1. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell? Circle the correct answer. chloroplast cell membrane ribosome 2. What is the main function of vacuoles? 9

5 Animal Cell Use the words below to label the animal cell. Some structures have already been labeled for you. cell membrane mitochondrion rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus nucleus ribosome Animal Cell nucleolus smooth endoplasmic reticulum centrioles Use the diagram to answer the questions. 1. What is the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane called? 2. What cell structures are found on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum but not on smooth endoplasmic reticulum? 10

6 Organelle Function An organelle is a specialized cell structure. Each organelle functions in a different way to help the cell carry out life processes. A mitochondrion, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus are pictured and described below. Write the name of the organelle underneath its picture. Organelle Function controls most cell processes and stores genetic material makes membrane lipids that will be exported out of the cell modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the endoplasmic reticulum converts the energy stored in food into a more useable form Use the table to answer the question. 1. Which of the structures shown above contains a nucleolus? 11

7 Plant Cell Use the words below to label the plant cell. Some structures have already been labeled for you. cell wall mitochondrion ribosome chloroplast nucleus vacuole Plant Cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus cell membrane rough endoplasmic reticulum Use the diagram to answer the questions. 1. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell? Circle the correct answer. chloroplast cell membrane ribosome 2. What is the main function of vacuoles? 9

8 Animal Cell Use the words below to label the animal cell. Some structures have already been labeled for you. cell membrane mitochondrion rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus nucleus ribosome Animal Cell nucleolus smooth endoplasmic reticulum centrioles Use the diagram to answer the questions. 1. What is the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane called? 2. What cell structures are found on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum but not on smooth endoplasmic reticulum? 10

9 Organelle Function An organelle is a specialized cell structure. Each organelle functions in a different way to help the cell carry out life processes. A mitochondrion, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus are pictured and described below. Write the name of the organelle underneath its picture. Organelle Function controls most cell processes and stores genetic material makes membrane lipids that will be exported out of the cell modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the endoplasmic reticulum converts the energy stored in food into a more useable form Use the table to answer the question. 1. Which of the structures shown above contains a nucleolus? 11

10 Cell Membranes The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. Most cell membranes are made up of a phospholipid bilayer. This bilayer usually contains membrane proteins embedded in it. Draw a diagram of a portion of a cell membrane. Label the cytoplasm and the area outside the cell. A sample phosolipid and membrane protein have been diagrammed for you. membrane protein phospholipid carbohydrate chain Answer the question. 1. What do the carbohydrate chains on some membrane proteins do? 12

11 Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Look at the beakers on the left. In the beakers on the right, draw in any changes in water level or number of solute particles on each side of the membrane that occur as a result of the described process. membrane water Diffusion of Solute Particles solute particles solute particle movement Osmosis water movement Use the diagrams to answer the question. 1. Look at the top left beaker. What would happen if the membrane did not allow water or solute particles to pass through it? 13

12 Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport Facilitated diffusion occurs when a substance diffuses across the cell membrane through a protein channel. Active transport occurs when the cell uses energy to carry a substance across the cell membrane. Look at the diagrams. Label each as either facilitated diffusion or active transport. Glucose molecules Molecule to be carried Energy Molecule being carried Use the diagram to answer the questions. 1. Which process can move molecules from a lower concentration solution on one side of the membrane to a higher concentration solution on the other side? 2. Which process does not require energy? 14