Biomes I hopped of the plane at with a dream and my cardigan. Welcome to the land of.

Transcription

1 Name: TOC# Biomes I hopped of the plane at with a dream and my cardigan. Welcome to the land of. Warm Up! 1. If you got of the plane in these 7 places what would you see? What would you feel? a. in one of the shaded regions, or a place like the north pole b. in one of the shaded regions, or a place like the forests of inland Canada c. In one of the shaded regions, or places like North Carolina/Ireland d. In one of the shaded regions, or places like the Amazon or Southern Asia e. In one of the shaded regions, or places like the low mountains of Santa Barbara or in Baja California f. In one of the shaded regions, or in many places in Africa, like Kenya g. In one of the shaded regions, or in a place like the Sahara in North Africa or parts of Egypt 2. Thinking about each of these places, what are some common differences? Common similarities? 3. What determines which regions are shaded? 4. What is the definition of weather? What is the definition of climate?

2 Class discussion 1. A biome is a: Biomes Walk Around 2. You can determine what type of biome you are in based on: 3. To understand the climate of a particular location or biome you can look at a. This will show you: 4. Looking at the diagram, which areas would you expect to be The warmest/coldest? The wettest/driest? The most/least plants? 5. Define Biotic and abiotic factors. Activity: At each table you will find pictures, and explanations of each biome. Biome: Tundra Location. Include which warm up picture (a-g) Explain this biome in one sentence that will help you remember it

3 Biome: Taiga Location Which warm up picture (a-g) Explain this biome in one sentence that will help you remember it Biome: Temperate Deciduous Forest Location Which warm up picture (a-g) Explain this biome in one sentence that will help you remember it

4 Biome: Tropical Rainforest Location Which warm up picture (a-g) Explain this biome in one sentence that will help you remember it Biome: Chaparral Location Which warm up picture (a-g) Explain this biome in one sentence that will help you remember it

5 Biome: Grassland and Savannah Location Which warm up picture (a-g) Explain this biome in one sentence that will help you remember it Biome: Desert Location Which warm up picture (a-g) Explain this biome in one sentence that will help you remember it

6 Tundra Materials The tundra is a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra and the Antarctic tundra. In the tundra, the vegetation in composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra areas. Located above the arctic circle and at very high altitudes Cold, dry winters (permafrost) Short, intense, busy summers Nearly treeless, covered by mosses, lichens and grasses Most animals are migratory or well adapted to cold climate Tundra in Greenland Tundra in Siberia

7 Taiga Materials The taiga is the biome of the needleleaf forest. Coldness and food shortages make things very difficult, mostly in the winter. Some of the animals in the taiga hibernate in the winter, some fly south if they can, while some just cooperate with the environment, which is very difficult. Taiga is the Russian word for forest and is the largest biome in the world. It stretches over Eurasia and North America. The taiga is located near the top of the world, just below the tundra biome. The winters in the taiga are very cold with only snowfall. The summers are warm, rainy, and humid. A lot of coniferous trees grow in the taiga. The taiga is also known as the boreal forest. The average temperature is below freezing for six months out of the year. Located just south the arctic circle; common in mountain regions Cold, snowy winters; Longer and warmer summers than tundra Mainly 2 vegetation layers: coniferous trees (evergreen and cone-bearing) and mosses Animals include deer, elk, moose, squirrels, beaver, wolves, bears etc. Russian Taiga Forrest in Winter Taiga in Alaska: White Spuce Taiga

8 Temperate Deciduous Forest Materials Dominated by trees that lose their leaves each year. They are found in areas where warm, moist summers alternate with mild winters. The three major areas of this forest type occur in the northern hemisphere: eastern North America and Europe. Smaller areas occur in Australasia and southern South America. Examples of typical trees include oak, maple, beech, and elm. The diversity of tree species is higher in regions where the winter is milder, and also in mountainous regions that provide an array of soil types and microclimates. Moderate temperatures and precipitation Warm summers, cool winters with 4 distinct seasons Up to 5 vegetation layers: deciduous trees are common (broad, flat leaves that shed annually) as well as mosses, herbs and shrubs Animals include insects, squirrels, birds, deer, bears, fox etc. Fall in Eastern United States, the trees will lose their leaves A river runs through this biome in Germany. The leaves on the trees are green and have broad leaves

9 Tropical Rainforest Materials Warm and wet describes the tropical rain forest climate. The average annual temperature is above 20º C; there is never a frost. Rainfall varies widely with a range from about 8 to 14 feet of rain per year. Located in the tropics, a band around the equator from 23.5º N (the Tropic of Cancer) to 23.5ºS Within this band, solar radiation is most intense, and thus the surface of the planet warms the most. The warmth leads to a lot of evaporation, and as warm, moist air rises, it cools, the water condenses, and the water falls back to the earth as rain. Thus, the warmest areas of the planet also tend to be the wettest, and this sets the stage for the tropical rain forest. With many tall trees forming a multi-layer canopy, not much light gets to the forest floor Constant warm temperatures with no distinct seasons Heavy rainfall throughout the year Plants are abundant and diverse, competing for sunlight Animals are unique, diverse and adapted to a life in the trees: monkeys, insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds etc. Amazon rainforest in Brazil

10 Chaparral Materials Chaparral is a shrubland or heathland plant community found primarily in the U.S. state of California and in the northern portion of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild, wet winters and hot dry summers) and wildfire, featuring summer drought-tolerant plants with hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought deciduous, scrub community of Coastal sage scrub, found below the chaparral biome. Chaparral covers 5% of the state of California, and associated Mediterranean scrubland an additional 3.5%. Found near coasts due to off-shore circulation of cool ocean water Browsers and predators are common and animals include birds, mountain lions, mule deer, ground squirrels, reptiles etc. Plants include dense evergreen shrubs, grasses, some deciduous plants and annuals adapted to survive fire and summer drought Hot, dry summers; cool, wet winters Fires and drought are possible Santa Monica, CA

11 Santa Ynez Valley, CA (north of Santa Barbara) Grassland and Savannah A savanna is a rolling grassland scattered with shrubs and isolated trees, which can be found between a tropical rainforest and desert biome. Not enough rain falls on a savanna to support forests. Savannas are also known as tropical grasslands. They are found in a wide band on either side of the equator on the edges of tropical rainforests.savannas have warm temperature year round. There are actually two very different seasons in a savanna; a very long dry season (winter), and a very wet season (summer). Plants of the savannas are highly specialized to grow in this environment of long periods of drought. They have long tap roots that can reach the deep water table, thick bark to resist annual fires, trunks that can store water, and leaves that drop of during the winter to conserve water. Most of the animals on the savanna have long legs or wings to be able to go on long migrations. Many burrow under ground to avoid the heat or raise their young. Grassland serves as a transition between desert and forest Savannah is a transition between grassland and forest Extreme climatic conditions and fluctuations in temperature and precipitation Dry and windy; fires are common Mainly grasses with some shrubs and scattered trees Animals include mostly grazers and predators

12 Desert Materials Deserts cover about one fifth of the Earth's surface and occur where rainfall is less than 50 cm/year. Although most deserts, such as the Sahara of North Africa and the deserts of the southwestern U.S., Mexico, and Australia, occur at low latitudes, another kind of desert, cold deserts, occur in the basin and range area of Utah and Nevada and in parts of western Asia. Most deserts have a considerable amount of specialized vegetation, as well as specialized vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Soils often have abundant nutrients because they need only water to become very productive and have little or no organic matter. Deserts often provide little shelter from the sun for large animals. The dominant animals of warm deserts are nonmammalian vertebrates, such as reptiles. Mammals are usually small, like the kangaroo mice of North American deserts. Temperatures vary from hot to cold Precipitation is very low Vegetation is sparse and plants are adapted to use water efficiently Only a few large animals exist and include camels and big horn sheep Other animals include rodents and reptiles who are adapted to life in low water conditions Sand Dunes at Death Valley, CA There are different types of deserts. Hot and Dry Semiarid Costal (in Chile) Cold