Core Science Transfer of Heat Homework
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1 Core Science Transfer of Heat Homework Name Q1. (a) The graph compares how quickly hot water cooled down in two glass beakers with different surface areas. The volume of water in each beaker was the same. Describe how the surface area of the water affected how fast the water cooled down (b) Some foxes live in a hot desert environment. This type of fox has very large ears. Explain how the size of the fox s ears help it to keep cool in a hot desert Page 1
2 (c) Polar bears and reindeer are adapted to live in cold environments. Use the words in the box to complete the following sentences. conduction convection radiation (i) The white colour of a polar bear s fur helps to keep the polar bear warm by reducing the heat lost by.... (ii) The hairs of a reindeer are hollow. The air trapped inside the hairs reduces the heat lost by.... (Total 5 marks) Q2. Many people use a sleeping bag when they sleep in a tent. Sleeping bags, designed to keep a person warm, have a fibre filling. (i) Complete the sentence by choosing the correct words from the box. conduction convection radiation The fibre is designed to reduce heat transfer by... and... Page 2
3 (ii) Explain why the fibre is good at reducing heat loss from a person sleeping in the bag (Total 3 marks) Q3. The drawing shows a section of a vacuum flask. (a) Heat is slowly lost from the hot liquid in the closed flask. It may be transferred by: conduction convention evaporation radiation Choose from the words above to complete the following sentences. You may use a word once, more than once or not at all. (i) The vacuum between the glass walls reduces... and... Page 3
4 (ii) The silvered surfaces of the glass walls reduce... (iii) The stopper in the opening of the flask reduces... and... (iv) Heat is transferred by the air molecules, away from the vacuum flask, by... (v) The plastic of the plastic stopper is preferred to metal because it cuts down... (b) Mark X on the diagram of the vacuum flask where the liquid in the flask is hottest. (c) Explain, in terms of particles, how heat is conducted through a glass wall of the vacuum flask (Total 10 marks) Page 4
5 Q4. The diagram shows two thermometers. The bulb of each thermometer is covered with a piece of wet cotton wool. One of the thermometers is placed in the draught from a fan. The graph shows how the temperature of each thermometer changes with time. (a) Which of the graph lines, A or B, shows the temperature of the thermometer placed in the draught? Page 5
6 Write the correct answer in the box. Explain, in terms of evaporation, the reason for your answer (3) (b) A wet towel spread out and hung outside on a day without wind dries faster than an identical wet towel left rolled up in a plastic bag. Explain why (Total 5 marks) Page 6
7 Q5. (a) The diagram shows a ski jacket that has been designed to keep a skier warm. The jacket is made from layers of different materials. (i) The inner layer is shiny to reduce heat transfer. Which process of heat transfer will it reduce? (ii) Why is the layer of fleece good at reducing the transfer of heat from a skier s body? (b) A student tested four different types of fleece, J, K, L and M, to find which would make the warmest jacket. Each type of fleece was wrapped around a can which was then filled with hot water. The temperature of the water was taken every two minutes for 20 minutes. Page 7
8 The graph shows the student s results. (i) In each test, the water cooled faster during the first five minutes than during the last five minutes. Why? (ii) To be able to compare the results, it was important to use the same volume of water in each test. Give one other quantity that was the same in each test. Page 8
9 (iii) Look at the graph line for fleece K. Estimate what the temperature of the water in the can wrapped in fleece K would be after 40 minutes.... (iv) Which type of fleece, J, K, L or M, should the student recommend to be used in the ski jacket?... Give a reason for your answer. (Total 7 marks) Q6. The diagram shows potatoes being baked in a gas oven. Each potato has a metal skewer pushed through it. (a) Explain how heat is transferred by the process of convection from the gas flame at the bottom of the oven to the potatoes at the top of the oven Page 9
10 (3) (b) The metal skewers help the potatoes to cook by transferring heat to the inside of the potatoes. By what method is heat transferred through a metal skewer?... (c) When the potatoes are taken from the oven, they start to cool down. Suggest one factor that will affect how fast a potato cools down.... (d) If the potatoes need to be kept hot, they may be wrapped in shiny aluminium foil. Why does this help to keep the potatoes hot?... (Total 6 marks) Page 10
11 Q7.An electric immersion heater is used to heat the water in a domestic hot water tank. When the immersion heater is switched on the water at the bottom of the tank gets hot. (a) Energy is transferred by the process of convection from the hot water at the bottom of the tank to the cooler water at the top. Explain how (4) (b) Complete the following sentence. The main way the energy is transferred through the copper wall of the water tank is by the process of.... (c) The immersion heater has a thermostat to control the water temperature. When the temperature of the water inside the tank reaches 58 C the thermostat switches the heater off. The thermostat switches the heater back on when the temperature of the water falls to 50 C. Page 11
12 Graph A shows how the temperature of the water inside a hot water tank changes with time. The tank is not insulated. Time in hours (i) The temperature of the water falls at the fastest rate just after the heater switches off. Explain why. (iii) An insulating jacket is fitted to the hot water tank. Graph B shows how the temperature of the water inside the insulated hot water tank changes with time. Page 12
13 Time in hours An insulating jacket only costs 12. By comparing Graph A with Graph B, explain why fitting an insulating jacket to a hot water tank saves money. (3) (Total 13 marks) Q8. The drawing shows water being heated in a metal saucepan. (a) Explain, in terms of the particles in the metal, how heat energy is transferred through the base of the saucepan Page 13
14 (b) Energy is transferred through the water by convection currents. Explain what happens to cause a convection current in the water. The answer has been started for you. As heat energy is transferred through the saucepan, the water particles at the bottom (3) (c) Some energy is transferred from the hotplate to the air by thermal radiation. What is meant by thermal radiation? (Total 6 marks) Page 14
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