Section Title: Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria

Transcription

1 Unit: 2.1 Name: Section Title: Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria Latin Root Word: Review of Old Information: None New Information: Bacteria Cultures in Yogurt 1. Clean slides and cover slips for dust and other particles. 2. Place a very small portion of plain yogurt onto the slide. 3. Add one drop of water to the yogurt and place the cover slip on top. 4. Under low power, find a section where the yogurt is pretty thin; this is where you will find the bacteria. Basic Bacteria Facts Classification of Bacteria: Kingdom Archaebacteria Major Bacteria Phyla: Archaebacteria

2 Classification of Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Shapes of Eubacteria: Draw and Label Eubacteria Eubacteria: Heterotrophs Photosynthetic: Autotrophs Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

3 Major Bacteria Phyla: Eubacteria Most Bacteria Reproduce by 1 of 2 means Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

4 Gram Stain Activity: Book Work pg The two Kingdoms of bacteria are known as and. One reason Archaebacteria is placed into a separate kingdom is because its cell walls do not have, which is a protein carbohydrate compound found in the cell walls of Eubacteria. Archaebacteria were first discovered in extreme environments, such as,, and. The three phylogenetic groups of archaebacteria are,, and. Methanogens found in anaerobic conditions such as at the bottom of and, where they convert H2 and CO2 into. Extreme halphiles are archaebacteria, and live in environments with very high salt concentrations such as the Dead Sea. Thermoacidophiles live in extremely environments that have high temperatures, such as volcanic or hydrothermal vents. Eubacteria account for most bacteria and have three basic shapes. Eubacteria that are rod shaped are called. Eubacteria that are sphere shaped are called. Eubacteria that are spiral shaped are called. When cocci occur in chains they are called, and when cocci occur in grape like clusters they are called. Eubacteria are divided into 12 different phyla. Some basic phyla of bacteria are (table 24-1),,, and. Phylum cyanobacteria were once known as blue-green algae, but do not have a membrane bound nucleus. To acquire energy cyanobacteria perform. Phylum spirochetes are shaped heterotrophic bacteria and are known to cause the STD syphilis. Phylum Gram positive bacteria are a main producer of, which inhibit growth or kill microscopic organisms. Phylum proteobacteria is the one of the largest and most diverse bacteria kingdoms and include bacteria and. Class Review Questions: 1. Which of the following types of bacteria would you most likely to find in very salty water? a. Chemoautotroph b. Extreme halophile c. Cyanobacterium d. Thermoacidophile 2. Archaebacteria and eubacteria are placed into separate kingdoms because archaebacteria a. lack cell membranes b. have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan c. evolved after eubacteria evolved d. have some genes that closely resemble those found in eukaryotes 3. Rod shaped bacteria are called a. cocci

5 b. bacilli c. halophiles d. spirilla 4. Thermoacidophiles are a. eubacteria b. cyanobacteria c. archaebacteria d. spirochetes 5. Gram positive bacteria stain a. blue b. pink c. red d. purple Bacteria and Disease Type of Disease Areas Affected Mode of Transmission Botulism nerves Improper preserved foods Cholera intestines Contaminated water Tooth Decay teeth Bacteria in mouth Gonorrhea Urethra/ fal.tubes Sexual contact Lyme Disease Skin, joints, heart Tick bite Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Blood, skin Tick bite Salmonella intestines Contaminated food

6 Strep throat Respiratory tract Sneezing/coughing Tetanus nerves Contaminated wounds Tuberculosis Lungs, bones, etc coughing Ways Bacteria Cause Disease Activity: Book Work: pg The scientific study of disease is called. Bacteria that causes disease is known as. Some bacteria cause disease by producing poisons called toxins. are toxins produced by Gram-positive bacteria and are secreted into the surrounding environment. Toxins that are associated with Gram-negative bacteria and are not released from the bacteria until it dies are known as. Class Review Questions 1. One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated drinking water is a. Lyme disease b. Gonorrhea c. Tuberculosis d. Cholera 2. A poison that is released from the outer membrane of dead Gram negative bacteria is called a. a pathogen b. an exotoxin c. an endotoxin d. a broad-spectrum toxin 3. Which of the following is not a way that bacteria cause disease in humans? a. Destroying body tissues b. Conjugating human cells c. Damaging blood vessels d. Dissolving blood clots 4. Bacteria that cause disease are known as a. Pathology b. Endotoxins c. Pathogens

7 d. Exotoxins 5. A poison that is produced by gram positive bacteria while the bacteria are still alive is known as a. Pathology b. Endotoxin c. Pathogens d. Exotoxin Activity: Complete the activity in the space below. 1. Sign in and access the Internet. 2. Type in site 3. Click on enter out building. 4. Now answer the following questions: a. What type of bacteria causes disease? b. What do you call the study of bacteria? c. What are single cells that do not contain a nucleus? d. What do you call cells that contain a nucleus? e. What do you call the study of prokaryotes? 5. Click on Pathogenic Bacteria. 6. Click on Pathogenicity. 7. Answer the following questions: a. What is a flagella? b. What do you call some bacteria that produce toxic compounds that cause harm to their host? c. Explain surviving the defense. d. What do you call the characteristic that bacteria need and use to cause disease? 8. Next, click on how we fight bacteria and then on the immune system.

8 9. Answer the following questions: a. What is complement? b. Who do antibodies get help from to destroy bacteria that cause infection? c. How do you get immunity from bacteria that make us ill? d. How would you describe acquired immunity? e. What part of our body is most likely to come into contact with bacteria? 10. Click on evolution and then click on Archaea and answer the following questions: a. What is the taxonomic kingdom that once comprised all prokaryotes? b. How did bacteria establish a stable atmosphere? c. What gas was toxic to the first inhabitants of the Earth? d. What are halophiles? e. What are methanogens? 11. Click on Commensals and answer the following questions: a. What re the three D s of bacteria? b. What are commensals? c. What is symbiosis? 12. Click on How many bacteria are living in your body (which is in the commensals section on this same page). Answer the following questions: a. What are normal flora? b. How many species live in your body?